Timeline

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Computing Technology Timeline
Date Description References Contributors
3,300,00 BC Earliest evidence of stone tools being created by hominids prlee
200,000 BC Humans developed spoken language, the first form of communication C. Perreault and S. Matthew, "Dating the Origin of Language Using Phonemic Diversity," PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 4, 2012. epguleksen prlee
Prehistoric Smoke signals were used to convey messages over long distances emilymiller
16,500 BC The earliest evidence of maps. They depicted the night sky rather than the Earth. https://www.thoughtco.com/the-history-of-cartography-1435696#:~:text=Cartography%20developed%20further%20in%20Europe,that%20were%20used%20for%20navigation. lrsavoie
10000 BC Estimated time when humans first started using optical recordings. Kazansky, Peter G, Eternal 5D optical data storage in glass (University of Southampton, 7/8/2016), https://www-spiedigitallibrary-org.ezpxy-web-p-u01.wpi.edu/conference-proceedings-of-spie/9959/2240594/Eternal-5D-optical-data-storage-in-glassConference-Presentation/10.1117/12.2240594.full?SSO=1, (4/2/2020) maferreira
3150 BC Estimated origin of Sumerian writings, the first written language D. Schmandt-Besserat, "Decipherment of the Earliest Tablets," Science, vol. 211, no. 4479, pp. 283-285, 1981. prlee
3500 BC The sundial is invented. The first one was made from stone and uses the sun to tell time. http://www.historyofwatch.com/clock-history/ Visited: 3/23/2018 lgrande
2400BC First documented use of couriers being used to carry messages long distance Alex Thompson, A Brief History of Long Distance Communication, https://www.wilsonamplifiers.com/blog/a-brief-history-of-long-distance-communication/ nvanstralen
2000 BC The abacus is invented. A frame made out of wood holding rods with sliding beads on them, used to aid in arithmetic calculations. http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/history.html Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
2000 BC Bookkeeping emerges https://www.investopedia.com/articles/08/accounting-history.asp asbrady
1900 BC First documented cryptograph was found in Egypt Retrieved August 30, 2018, from https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/vpns/history-encryption-730 zhenhe, etarthur
1700 BC Evidence of indoor plumbing found on Crete http://www.partselect.ca/Resources/Appliances-Timeline-Of-Their-Arrival.aspx mjmcdonald
1700 BC Ice boxes were used, ice cut from frozen lakes and water were stored throughout the year. Sandvik AB. “Timeline of Refrigerators and Low-Temperature Technology.” Refrigerator Timeline - History of Low-Temperature Technology, www.historyofrefrigeration.com/refrigeration-history/timeline-of-refrigerators/. tkwan
1500 BC Mesopotamian tablet was created with encrypted recipe for pottery glaze. The encryption was done with a substitution cipher, swapping one character for another. The encrypted tablet was decoded by others in the city. Waddell, Kaveh, "The Long and Winding History of Encryption", (The Atlantic 2016), https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/01/the-long-and-winding-history-of-encryption/423726/ 9/1/2021. zhenhe, bnsahagian, mjadragna
1050 BC The first alphabet based on phonetic sounds invented. epguleksen
~1000 BC Shorthand first used bjsharron
950 BC King Solomon used pigeon post to get information around Achaemenid Persian Empire. tpatikorn
750 BC The Greeks adapted the earlier Phoenician alphabet into the Greek alphabet, and transcribed some works originally passed down through oral tradition, such as The Iliad R. D. Woodard, "The Alphabet," in Greek Writing from Knossos to Homer : A Linguistic Interpretation of the Origin of the Greek Alphabet and the Continuity of Ancinet Greek Literacy, Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 1997, pp. 133-204. ygong5 prlee
600 BC Hebrew ATBASH cipher used in writing the book of Jeremiah zhenhe, mjadragna
600 BC Mail was used among Chinese officials emilymilller
600 BC Earliest depiction of the world on a map. It was named the Babylonian World Map. Ancient Babylonia is said to be the birthplace of cartography as the first maps were drawn on clay tablets with accurate surveying of the land. https://www.thoughtco.com/the-history-of-cartography-1435696#:~:text=Cartography%20developed%20further%20in%20Europe,that%20were%20used%20for%20navigation. lrsavoie
500 BC Pigeon post is used regularly emilymiller
500 BC An eclipse is viewed through a pinhole Schlager, Neil and Lauer, Josh, “Camera Obscura: Ancestor of Modern Photography,” (Gale, 2001) https://link-gale-com.ezpxy-web-p-u01.wpi.edu/apps/doc/CV2643450236/WHIC?u=mlin_c_worpoly&sid=WHIC&xid=218f6fc5 kcariglia
500 BC Yakhchals, were engineered to store ice in the desert. It used evaporative cooling to help stay cold Sandvik AB. “Timeline of Refrigerators and Low-Temperature Technology.” Refrigerator Timeline - History of Low-Temperature Technology, www.historyofrefrigeration.com/refrigeration-history/timeline-of-refrigerators/. tkwan
490 BC Pheidippides carried a message from the Battle of Marathon to Athens. tpatikorn
486 BC Greek Skytale presumably used zhenhe
480 BC Ancient Greek short hand scbarry
450BC shields possibly used to send signals like a modern heliograph The Heliograph, http://www.douglas-self.com/MUSEUM/COMMS/heliograph/heliograph.htm nvanstralen
400 BC Camera Obscura-The phenomena that led to the invention of the camera and all photographic processes. A small hole was placed through a wall in a dark room and light would fill the room with an upside-down projection of the view from outside. tjstone
400 BC Camera obscura is invented Schlager, Neil and Lauer, Josh, “Camera Obscura: Ancestor of Modern Photography,” (Gale, 2001) https://link-gale-com.ezpxy-web-p-u01.wpi.edu/apps/doc/CV2643450236/WHIC?u=mlin_c_worpoly&sid=WHIC&xid=218f6fc5 kcariglia


350 BC The Greek mathematician Archytas builds a mechanical bird dubbed "The Pigeon" that is propelled by steam. eosowski
325 BC The first water clock is invented using water drips to tell time. https://www.nist.gov/pml/walk-through-time-early-clocks Visited: 3/23/2018 lgrande
322 BC Aristotle writes: "If every tool, when ordered, or even of its own accord, could do the work that befits it, then there would be no need either of apprentices for the master workers or of slaves for the lords." eosowski
255BC earliest surviving piece of mail The History of Mail and the Postal System, https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-mail-1992142 nvanstralen
~200 BC The Chinese create the first basic compass from lodestone Lowrie, William (2007). Fundamentals of Geophysics. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 281. ptspillane


200 BC The first libraries are created in the Hellenistic world S. Johnstone, "A New History of Libraries and Books in the Hellenistic Period," Classical Antiquity, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 347-393, 2014. prlee
100 BC Antikythera Mechanism -- Ancient device used to calculate the position of moon, planets, and predict solar/lunar eclipses. http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/system/files/0608_Nature.pdf crmyers
60 BC Caesar Cipher introduced by Julius Caesar. The Caesar Cipher is a mono-alphabetic rotation, where each letter is shifted by a certain number of letters. This encyrption is known as a substitution cipher because of the consistent fashion that letters are substituted. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/caesar-cipher zhenhe, rcsawka, mjadragna
60 - 50 BC Caesar Cipher introduced by Julius Caesar Churchhouse, R. (2002). Codes and ciphers Julius Caesar, the Enigma, and the internet . Cambridge ;: Cambridge University Press. zhenhe, etarthur, mjadragna
104 AD First Census is taken under the rule of Caesar Augustus by Egyptian Edict Frank Turek | Christian Apologetics | Christian |Apologetics Speakers, 10 Oct. 2018, crossexamined.org/really-census-time-caesar-augustus/. xlmclean
150 AD Around the year 150, the greek philosopher, Ptolemy, created the longitude and longitude system on the world map under the newfound impression that the Earth was a sphere. This shaped modern cartography. https://www.thoughtco.com/the-history-of-cartography-1435696#:~:text=Cartography%20developed%20further%20in%20Europe,that%20were%20used%20for%20navigation. lrsavoie
350 AD The Codex Sinaiticus, one of the earliest examples of a codex being used to hold writing, was written "Collection Items: Codex Sinaiticus," British Library, [Online]. Available: https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/codex-sinaiticus. [Accessed 19 3 2019]. prlee
600 AD The first candle clock is invented, using candles to keep track of time. https://www.nist.gov/pml/walk-through-time-early-clocks Visited: 3/23/2018 lgrande
605 AD Pei Ju of the Sui Dynasty in China used a grid system in map design. https://www.thoughtco.com/the-history-of-cartography-1435696#:~:text=Cartography%20developed%20further%20in%20Europe,that%20were%20used%20for%20navigation. lrsavoie
~790 Vikings used the stars and sun compasses with landmarks to navigate the seas. Irene Berg Petersen, How Vikings navigated the world, http://sciencenordic.com/how-vikings-navigated-world (March 23, 2017) rmwiesenberg
800 AD The first hourglass is invented, using sand to keep track of time. http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/first-hourglass/ Visited: 3/23/2018 lgrande
~800 AD Vikings use ritual smithing to make steel "Ulfberht" swords. Matt Davis, Vikings unwittingly made their swords stronger by trying to imbue them with spirits, (Big Think, 22 March, 2019) https://bigthink.com/culture-religion/norse-rituals?rebelltitem=1#rebelltitem1 [Accessed April 4, 2021] klprince
850-860 AD Arab cryptographer al-Kindi creates substitution ciphers and transposition ciphers well before cryptographers in the West created these same ciphers beginning in 1450. Waddell, Kaveh, "The Long and Winding History of Encryption", (The Atlantic 2016), https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/01/the-long-and-winding-history-of-encryption/423726/ 9/1/2021. bnsahagian,
875 AD Banu Musa Brothers from Baghdad develop automated hydraulic instrument that plays music from raised pins. First recorded device to take artificial input Fowler, Charles B. “The Museum of Music: A History of Mechanical Instruments.” Music Educators Journal, vol. 54, no. 2, 1967, pp. 45–49. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3391092. Accessed 3 Apr. 2020. jmmoy
880 AD The Kamal is used by Arab navigators as a form of celestial navigation McGrail, Sean (2004), Boats of the World, Oxford University Press. ptspillane
~1000 The compass was invented in China and spread to Europe by 1300 Smithsonian, Time and Navigation: The untold story of getting from here to there., http://timeandnavigation.si.edu (March 23, 2017) rmwiesenberg
~1100 Earliest identified printed advertisement created, “Jinan Liu’s Fine Needle Shop” 1. Unknown, Commercial Advertisement, depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/graph/tcommain.htm, 8/30/2018 jbbieber
1200s AD In medieval times, Automatons (human like figures that were powered by internal mechanisms, namely clockwork) were first invented. https://www.robotshop.com/media/files/PDF/timeline.pdf Accessed 3/19/2019 rnbeaver
1200 AD The first water/astronomical clock is invented, using water with assisting astronomical concepts. http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac08 Visited: 3/23/2018 lgrande
1264 Dominician Friar Vincent of Beauvais creates the Great Mirror, a general collection of knowledge during that time. He wrote this book because he felt there were more books created than the human mind can remember. http://bestiary.ca/prisources/psdetail2601.htm oejackson
1280 The first mechanical clock was created but it was too expensive and crude for navigation Smithsonian, Time and Navigation: The untold story of getting from here to there., http://timeandnavigation.si.edu (March 23, 2017) rmwiesenberg
1300 AD Paper becomes the dominant way of record keeping and writing in Europe J. Hargrave, "Disruptive Technological History: Papermaking to Digital Printing," Journal of Scholarly Publishing, vol. 44, no. 3, 2013. prlee
~1400 The first record of a polyalphabetic cipher was written by Al-Qalqashandi. A polyalphabetic cypher is like a Caesar Cypher but after each letter the shift changes. https://books.google.com/books?id=jbpTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT26#v=onepage&q&f=false efschwarzrock
1455 Johannes Gutenberg completed a printing press that would imprint pages using movable metal type. ygong5
1495 Leonardo DaVinci designs a mechanical device that looks like an armored knight and is designed to make it move like there is a real person inside. eosowski
1500 Leonardo Da Vinci hypothesizes a way to track a roman soldiers steps and records the first idea of a pedometer https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Sketch-of-Leonardo-da-Vincis-pedometer_fig4_312090206 tjaskoviak ahjicha
1505 The first pocket watch was made by Peter Henlein in Nuremburg, Germany. Known as the pomander watch. https://edoc.pub/pomander-watch-pdf-free.html 9/8/2020 parago
1517 Martin Luther presents his 95 Theses and distributes the work using the printing press https://www.history.com/topics/reformation/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses pwpeterson
1549 Swiss scientist Conrad Gessner completes Bibliotheca universalis, an alaphabetical bibliography of all Latin, Greek, or Hebrew books at the time https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/695140?journalCode=pbsa oejackson
1553 Password idea introduced by Giovan Belaso. A passphrase/password would provide a key for encryption. https://ep.liu.se/ecp/171/007/ecp2020_171_007.pdf zhenhe, rcsawka
1574 First Pocket Watch was made https://www.govbergwatches.com/blog/history-of-horology/ 9/8/2020 parago
1585 Blaise de Vigenere wrote a book on ciphers. zhenhe, mjadragna
16-1700s maritime flags are independently developed by different countries for naval communication The History Behind Nautical Flags, https://www.allstarflags.com/facts/history-behind-nautical-flags/ nvanstralen
1600 AD The first pendulum and spring clock is invented, pendulums and newly developed spring mechanisms to keep track of time. http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac08 Visited: 3/23/2018 lgrande
1600 John Napier invents Napier's Bones, a mechanical device using rods or cylinders which slid together to do lattice multiplication and division on numbers. http://www.thecorememory.com/TimeMachine.pdf Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1600 Abacus Ring: First ever wearable device invented in China pmahurkar
1608 First telescope is patented to be used to see long distances https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question37.html ptspillane
1622 William Oughtred invents the slide rule. The device had two scales that could independently be slid, and the distance between the two could be read to view as multiplication or division. http://www.oughtred.org/history.shtml Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1623 Wilhelm Schickard invents the Calculating Clock, which is considered to be the first mechanical calculator. The calculator utilized Napier's Bones as well as other mechanics to help with celestial calculations. "The Time Machine." College English 31.5 (1970): 523. Web.Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1642 The Pascaline or Pascal's calculator was invented by mathematician Blaise Pascal. The hand cranked adding machine was very complex, using toothed wheels to do basic arithmetic with whole numbers. "The Time Machine." College English 31.5 (1970): 523. Web.Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1657 The pendulum clock was invented in 1657 but was never adopted for sea navigation due to the swaying of the boat. Smithsonian, Time and Navigation: The untold story of getting from here to there., http://timeandnavigation.si.edu (March 23, 2017) rmwiesenberg
1665 Robert Hooke innovates on the first microscope and uses his microscope to observe cork which leads him to refer to the small openings he observes as cells http://www.jstor.org/stable/4606667 Accessed: 9/6/2022 bclukens
1673 The Stepped Reckoner is invented by German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz. The mechanical calculator utilized a long cylinder, called the Leibniz wheel, to do quick multiplication and addition. "The Time Machine." College English 31.5 (1970): 523. Web.Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1680 First Minute hand was added to a pocket watch https://www.govbergwatches.com/blog/history-of-horology/ 9/8/2020 parago
1683 Governor William Penn established Pennsylvania's first Post Office. tpatikorn
1685 Portable Reflex Camera Obscura - This camera was small enough to transport, being two feet long and nine inches high. Light shined through a lens and onto a mirror, generating an image that was right side up instead of upside-down. tjstone
1685 "Battery" used to describe a series of charged glass plates (capacitors). djlaplante
1690 Newspapers are popularized in London M. S. Dawson, "All the News That's Fit to Film? Copying the Nichols Collection of Early London Newspapers," Parergon, vol. 30, no. 2, 2013. prlee
1694 Gottfried Leibniz constructed Step Reckoner. ygong5
1700s Miniature automatons designed to look like humans and animals became popular toys for the upper-class. https://www.robotshop.com/media/files/PDF/timeline.pdf Accessed 3/19/2019 rnbeaver
1705 Leibniz creates the binary number system Leibniz, G. (1703) Explication de l’Arithmétique Binaire (Explanation of Binary Arithmetic). Mathematical Writings VII, Gerhardt, 223. Translation : http://www.leibniz-translations.com/binary.htm reastwood
1711 British used ship to carry letters; each letter cost one penny. tpatikorn
1714 The British Parliament passed the Longitude Act which spurred the invention of the Sea Clock by John Harrington and the sextant by John bird, greatly increasing navigational accuracy. Smithsonian, Time and Navigation: The untold story of getting from here to there., http://timeandnavigation.si.edu (March 23, 2017) rmwiesenberg


1738 Mechanical Duck was invented, sparking the beginning of the automata stage. Aviv Gaon, The Singularity is Near, http://wpi.aci.info/view/15af7f26c8c00100002/15b4709e35500015c3ad447 rjsthilaire


1748 "Battery" used to describe a series of charged glass plates (capacitors). djlaplante
1755

Thomas Jefferson uses a pedometer, he would later introduce it to America. The strong association lead people to call them Tomish Meters

Adams, W. H. (2000).The Paris Years of Thomas Jefferson. Yale University Press.

tjaskoviak
1756 William Cullen invents a method of artificial refrigeration, which is still used today Sandvik. “The History of the Refrigerator.” The History of the Refrigerator - Sandvik Materials Technology, www.materials.sandvik/en/campaigns/fridge-of-the-future/the-history-of-the-refrigerator/. tkwan
1763 Bayes theorem of conditional probability Price, Problem in the Doctrine of Chances, http://www.stat.ucla.edu/history/essay.pdf xjjackson
1767 Carl Linneaus develops his botanical paper slips as a way to organize his thoughts and observations. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4837604/ oejackson
1769 Wolfgang Ritter von Kempelen created one of the first known devices capable of mimicking human speech. The human operated device imitated human body parts required for speech to produce sounds that resembled vowels. Schroeder, Manfred Robert. "A Brief History of Speech." Computer Speech: Recognition, Compression, Synthesis. Berlin: Springer, 1999. N. pag. Print. leantul
1770 Wolfgang von Kempelen created the worlds first ‘automatic’ chess machine called the Mechanical Turk. It was later found to be fake https://www.britannica.com/story/the-mechanical-turk-ai-marvel-or-parlor-trick Accessed 08/30/2023 abeck
1775 Benjamin Franklin appointed first Postmaster General (USPS). tpatikorn
1775 Thomas Jefferson invented the wheel cipher. This cipher consisted of 36 cylindrical wooden pieces threaded onto an iron spindle and rotating the wheels scrambled and unscrambled the words. https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/wheel-cipher zhenhe, rcsawka, mjadragna
1777 Abraham-Louis Perrelet invented a self-winding watch that could measure walking distance https://us.musewearables.com/blogs/news/fitness-tracking-and-recognition-in-smartwatches ppatel2
1779 Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein created thin devices of various shapes that were able to create sounds resembling German vowels through vibration. Schroeder, Manfred Robert. "A Brief History of Speech." Computer Speech: Recognition, Compression, Synthesis. Berlin: Springer, 1999. N. pag. Print. leantul
1782 First washing machine invented by Henry Sidgier http://www.partselect.ca/Resources/Appliances-Timeline-Of-Their-Arrival.aspx mjmcdonald
1790s French begin construction of the semaphore towers serving as the first telegraph towers Michael J. Quinn, Ethics for the Information Age, pages 21-3 nvanstralen
1799 First dried invented by a Frenchman named Pochon http://www.partselect.ca/Resources/Appliances-Timeline-Of-Their-Arrival.aspx mjmcdonald
1799 Lithographic Offset printing is invented, reducing the cost of printing and increasing the speed of dissemination of information J. Hargrave, "Disruptive Technological History: Papermaking to Digital Printing," Journal of Scholarly Publishing, vol. 44, no. 3, 2013.
1799 Alessandro Volta created the world’s first battery. ygong5
1800 Alessandro Volta discovers the Voltaic Pile. Electricity generation now efficient djlaplante
1800 AD Pinhole camera is invented Schlager, Neil and Lauer, Josh, “Camera Obscura: Ancestor of Modern Photography,” (Gale, 2001) https://link-gale-com.ezpxy-web-p-u01.wpi.edu/apps/doc/CV2643450236/WHIC?u=mlin_c_worpoly&sid=WHIC&xid=218f6fc5 kcariglia
1801 Joseph Jacquard builds an automated loom that is controlled by punch cards, which increased the speed at which complex patterns could be woven by more than twenty times https://www.aventine.org/robotics/history-of-robotics eosowski syeung 1801 Thomas Young described “phase shifting” in relation to light waves https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987368/ rtong
1805 Legendre published first paper on regression analysis, using a technique called the method of least squares Smith, Legendre, http://www.stat.ucla.edu/history/legendre.pdf xjjackson
1810 First wristwatch was made for the queen of Naples https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/R3ACelWyBkrSvIpEmSrtjO/Breguet-and-200-years-of-the-wristwatch.html parago


1811 Steamboats started replacing rafts and boats in rivers in US. tpatikorn
1815 AD The first electrostatic clock is invented, using research on physics and electricity to develop clocks. http://www.historyofwatch.com/clock-history/ Visited: 3/23/2018 lgrande
1816 First Photographic Negatives -Through experimentation, Nicephore Niepce is able to expose an image onto paper coated with light-sensitive silver chloride. tjstone
1816 First chronograph http://en.worldtempus.com/article/watches/auctions-and-vintage/louis-moinet-the-chronographs-inventor-14550.html 9/8/2020 parago
1819 Charles Babbage watched the Mechanical Turk play. It peaked his interest, and ultimately resulted in him creating the first automatic mechanical calculator https://www.britannica.com/story/the-mechanical-turk-ai-marvel-or-parlor-trick Accessed 08/30/2023 abeck
1818 Johann Martin Hermann comes up with the planimeter, a mechanical device to measure the area of arbitrary curves. mjhagger
1820 The Arithmometer becomes the first commercially successful mechanical calculator patented. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1820 Hans Christian Oersted creates mechanical movement from an electrical current. Martin Doppelbauer, The Invention of the Electric Motor, http://www.eti.kit.edu/english/1376.php, (Access Date 8/29/2019) agalgano
1822 Charles Babbage demonstrates a prototype of his "Difference Engine" to the Royal Astronomical Society. eosowski
1822 Joseph Fourier discovers Harmonic Analysis. Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph (1822). Théorie analytique de la chaleur. Paris, France: Chez Firmin Didot, père et fils. aperucic
1826 First Photograph - Nicephore Niepce took the first permanent, positive image using a camera obscura. The exposure lasted eight hours. tjstone
1826 Gas Stove patented by James Sharp http://www.partselect.ca/Resources/Appliances-Timeline-Of-Their-Arrival.aspx mjmcdonald
1827 Robert Brown is the first to observe a clear areola in an orchid and refers to it as the nucleus http://www.jstor.org/stable/532143 Accessed: 9/6/2022 bclukens
1829 Braille invented bjsharron
1830 Shorthand machine with punched paper scbarry
1832 Savatore dal Negro developed a machine with gears that could raise 60 grams. Martin Doppelbauer, The Invention of the Electric Motor, http://www.eti.kit.edu/english/1376.php, (Access Date 8/29/2019) agalgano
1832 Analytical Machine, a programmable mechanical calculator was designed https://www.britannica.com/technology/Analytical-Engine rjsthilaire
1833 Thomas Davenport developed the first patent for an electric motor and is known as the inventor of the electric motor. Joseph Michalowicz, Origin of the Electric Motor, https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6444428, (Access Date 8/28/2019) agalgano
1833 Michael Faraday discovers a relationship between temperature and electrical conductivity in silver sulphide. adurkee
1834 Blanc brothers encoded stock market data in a government-only semaphore line, giving them an advantage in the market. Scott, Tom. (10/01/2018) How the First Ever Telecoms Scam Worked. [Video file]. Retrieved from: https://youtu.be/cPeVsniB7b0 zjester


1835 Alexander-Edmond Becquerel recorded the first instance of the photovoltaic effect. adurkee
1835 Samuel Morse creates Morse code for communication over wires mburns23
1836 Daniell Cell invented to fix the hydrogen bubble problem of the Voltaic Pile djlaplante
1836 French paper La Presse is the first to include paid advertising, soon to be copied by all other titles. George T Kurian, World press encyclopedia (1982) 1: 341-42. jbbieber
1836 Matthias Schleiden made the key observation in plant cells that cells are independent and an integral part of the plant. https://www.jstor.org/stable/56216 Accessed: 9/6/2022 bclukens
1837 The Daguerreotype - Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre develops a way to drastically reduce exposure time and patents his discovery. tjstone
1837 Analytical Engine, a never-constructed machine designed by Charles Babbage, intended to perform near arbitrary computation. http://www.computerhistory.org/babbage/engines/ crmyers
1838 US Congress designated all railroads as post routes. tpatikorn
1838 Stereoscopic viewers were invented and refined to create 3D pictures. https://www.vrs.org.uk/virtual-reality/history.html bmwaid
1838 William Robert Grove invented the fuel cell, which uses hydrogen and oxygen djlaplante
1838 Morse electric telegraph emilymiller
1838 There were calls for the use of secret ballots in England for elections D. W. Jones, "Early Requirements for Mechanical Voting Systems," (IEEE, 2009) mfrossetti
1838-1843 Morse Code Developed bjsharron
1839 William Robert Grove invented the fuel cell, which uses hydrogen and oxygen djlaplante
1839 Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel recorded the first instance of hte photovoltaic effect with silver chloride-coated platinum electrodes in an aqueous nitric acid electrolyte. adurkee
1839 AD The Daguerreotype is invented Masoner, Liz, "A Brief History of Photography and the Camera." (The Spruce Crafts. September 5, 2018) https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/brief-history-of-photography-2688527 kcariglia
1839 Theodor Schwann discovers that although animal and plant tissue look different they are both made up of cells https://www.jstor.org/stable/56216 Accessed: 9/6/2022 bclukens
1841 Positive/Negative Process - William Henry Fox Talbot perfects a similar process to the Daguerreotype, however the exposure is negative. Therefore, multiple positive copies could be made of the same exposure. This becomes the primary method for all modern film development. tjstone
1842 Robert Davidson tests an electric motor on a locomotive and reached a top speed of 4 mph. Martin Doppelbauer, The Invention of the Electric Motor, http://www.eti.kit.edu/english/1376.php, (Access Date 8/29/2019) agalgano
1842 The Poggendorff cell is invented, providing higher voltage, consistent current, and fumeless, though delicate and more work to operate. djlaplante
1843 Ada Lovelace works with Charles Babbage to write the first algorithm for the Analytical Engine. 2. Friedman, L. W. (1992). From Babbage to Babel and beyond: A brief history of programming languages. Computer Languages, 17(1), 1-17. doi:10.1016/0096-0551(92)90019-j jrtatone
1844 First telegraph signal, accredited to Samuel Morse Library of Congress, “Invention of the Telegraph, https://www.loc.gov/collections/samuel-morse-papers/articles-and-essays/invention-of-the-telegraph/, (August 29th, 2019) moneill
1844 William Robert Grove invents the Grove Cell, which provides high current and doubles the voltage of the Daniell cell. However it is proven that when operated, the cell gives off toxic fumes. djlaplante
1844 Samuel Morse sends the first telegraph from Baltimore to Washington D.C. mburns23
1844 Samuel F. B. Morse transmits the first viable telegraph message. Securities brokers quickly adopt the technology to send market quotations. The telegraph helps expand the stock market by making trades accessible to brokers and investors outside of New York. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/crash/1/ tleung
1844 Samuel F. B. Morse sends the first telegraphic message from Washington, D.C., to Baltimore via an experimental line. Library of Congress, “Samuel F. B. Morse Papers at the Library of Congress, 1793 to 1919”, (LOC), https://www.loc.gov/collectio ns/samuel-morse-papers/articles-and-essays/invention-of-the-telegraph/ (5 Sept. 2021) jrmalcarne
1844 The Morse telegraph system connects Baltimore to Washington, DC. llhall
1844-1861 Hermann Lebert makes observations that lead him to falsely conclude that the cancer cell is distinguishable from the regular cell and thus there are two types of cells, he publishes this idea and his observations in three large volumes. This leads to seperation in the Parisian scientific community based on whether or not cancer cells are a different type of cell. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/44631369 Accessed: 9/6/2022 bclukens
1847 George Boole represents logic in mathematical form with Boolean Algebra eosowski
1848 R. E. Monaghan patented a device to count Yea and Nay votes using cranks, levers, and wires to punch a record into a sheet D. W. Jones, “Technologists as Political Reformers: Lessons from the Early History of Voting Machines,” (The University of Iowa, October 2006), http://homepage.divms.uiowa.edu/~jones/voting/SHOTpaper.pdf, (April 1, 2020) mfrossetti
1849 Austria attacks Venice with unmanned balloons loaded with explosives. The first recorded example of unmanned ariel attacks. http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
1850 The idea of using several exposures to adequately reproduce a too-extreme range of luminance was pioneered as early as the 1850s by Gustave Le Gray to render seascapes showing both the sky and the sea. J. Paul Getty Museum. Gustave Le Gray, Photographer. July 9 – September 29, 2002. Retrieved September 14, 2008 fmo
1851 Amedee Mannheim standardizes the modern version of the slide rule with four scales most common for calculation problems. The ruler could calculate squares, square roots, and other basic arithmetic operations. http://www.oughtred.org/history.shtml Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1851 John Gorrie patents a mechanical fridge that cools food by making ice. Sandvik AB. “Timeline of Refrigerators and Low-Temperature Technology.” Refrigerator Timeline - History of Low-Temperature Technology, www.historyofrefrigeration.com/refrigeration-history/timeline-of-refrigerators/. tkwan
1851 AD The Collodion (an improvement to the Daguerreotype) is invented Masoner, Liz, "A Brief History of Photography and the Camera." (The Spruce Crafts. September 5, 2018) https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/brief-history-of-photography-2688527 kcariglia
1851 first drum washing machine invented by James King was hand powered. “Evolution of Washing Machines Timeline.” Timetoast, November 15, 1851. https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/evolution-of-washing-machines. amkwan
1854 Charles Babbage reinvented the wheel cipher. zhenhe
1854 John Tyndall demonstrated to the Royal Society that light could be conducted through a curved stream of water, proving that a light signal could be bent. https://www.thoughtco.com/birth-of-fiber-optics-4091837 aforozco
1854 George Boole introduces Boolean Algebra http://www.gutenberg.org/files/15114/15114-pdf.pdf reastwood
1855 first international code for maritime signal flags drafted The History Behind Nautical Flags, https://www.allstarflags.com/facts/history-behind-nautical-flags/ nvanstralen
1856 Werner Siemens revolutionizes the design by introducing a double-T that winds in slots. Martin Doppelbauer, The Invention of the Electric Motor, http://www.eti.kit.edu/english/1376.php, (Access Date 8/29/2019) agalgano


1859 Gaston Plante invents a lead-acid battery that can be recharged (first rechargeable battery). This model battery is still in use today as car batteries. djlaplante
1860 Willoughby Smith records the first instance of photoconductivity in metals. adurkee
1860 The Pony Express is established as a mail service in the Western United States. tpatikorn mburns23
April 3, 1860 The Pony Express begins operations, to connect Missouri and California. llhall
1860s Gravity cell, an alternative version of the Daniell cell, is invented. It yielded a higher current and was easily constructed/refillable manually. djlaplante
1861 Samuel Morse Patents the design for the telegraph in America epguleksen
1861 First Color Photograph - James Clerk Maxwell created the first color photograph by exposing the same picture three separate times with different colored filters. The three images were then combined to form a single color image. tjstone
1861 The transcontinental telegraph wire is completed in US. mburns23
October 26, 1861 The Pony Express ceases operations, two days after completion of the transcontinental telegraph line. llhall
1861 AD First color photograph is produced Masoner, Liz, "A Brief History of Photography and the Camera." (The Spruce Crafts. September 5, 2018) https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/brief-history-of-photography-2688527 kcariglia
March 1861 - April 1865 The Civil War displaces men working as telegraph operators, and women take the role. llhall
1864 James Clerk Maxwell proved the existence of electromagnetic waves. http://www.itworld.com/article/2802953/mobile/a-brief-history-of-wireless-technology.html zrrobbins
1865 Founding of WPI jmforkey
1865 The Steam Man is created by John Brainerd. Considered a novelty item at the time, it was a 10 foot tall man looking machine that was used to pull carts. http://timetunnel.bigredhair.com/steamman/index.html Visited on 3/19/2019 rnbeaver
1866 Leclanche battery (aka the Zn/NH4Cl/C battery or the wet battery) invented, consistent and descent voltage, this became widely popular. djlaplante
1866 The first automobile (three wheeled Motor Car) was patented by Karl Benz. https://www.livescience.com/37538-who-invented-the-car.html (Accessed March 21, 2018) anpennie
1867 Electric generators emerge on the market and electricity is available to public. Joseph Michalowicz, Origin of the Electric Motor, https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6444428, (Access Date 8/28/2019) agalgano


1868 The first commercially successful typewriter was invented by Christopher Latham Sholes. https://patents.google.com/patent/US79265 (Accessed March 22nd, 2018) jbbrown
1868 AD The first wristwatch is invented, designed as a fashion accessory for women. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/23/fashion/wrist-watches-from-battlefield-to-fashion-accessory.html Visited: 3/23/2018 lgrande
1869 Thomas Edison patented the Electric vote recorder that used telegraph keys to print a legislator's name onto a list D. W. Jones, “Technologists as Political Reformers: Lessons from the Early History of Voting Machines,” (The University of Iowa, October 2006), http://homepage.divms.uiowa.edu/~jones/voting/SHOTpaper.pdf, (April 1, 2020) mfrossetti
1870 First Mechanical Typewriter put into production. fhunter
1870 Charles Sanders Pierce expands on Boolean logic, and introduces logic of relatives https://books.google.com/books?id=fFnWmf5oLaoC&printsec=titlepage reastwood
1872 Electric bread toaster invented by Maddy Kennedy in the United Kingdom http://www.partselect.ca/Resources/Appliances-Timeline-Of-Their-Arrival.aspx mjmcdonald
1873 Willoughby Smith discovers the photoconductivity of selenium, the first instance of recorded photoconductivity in metals. adurkee
1873 Sholes and Glidden Typerwriter with querty keyboard put into production. fhunter
1873 James Savage invented a voting bow with a crank to increase both a tally counter and endorse only a single ballot to prevent voter fraud D. W. Jones, “Technologists as Political Reformers: Lessons from the Early History of Voting Machines,” (The University of Iowa, October 2006), http://homepage.divms.uiowa.edu/~jones/voting/SHOTpaper.pdf, (April 1, 2020) mfrossetti
1874 The first calculator using the pin-wheel principle, the Odhner calculator, is invented. Future calculators would use the same principle. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1874 Carl Ferdinand Braun created the first semiconductor rectifier, the diode. adurkee
1874 first in home washing machine invented by William Blackstone “Evolution of Washing Machines Timeline.” Timetoast, November 15, 1851. https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/evolution-of-washing-machines. amkwan
1875 telephone patented by Alexander Graham Bell Alex Thompson, A Brief History of Long Distance Communication, https://www.wilsonamplifiers.com/blog/a-brief-history-of-long-distance-communication/ nvanstralen
1876 Alexander Bell creates first working phone epguleksen
1876 First Electric Refrigerator invented by German scientist Carl Von Linde http://www.partselect.ca/Resources/Appliances-Timeline-Of-Their-Arrival.aspx mjmcdonald
1876 Carl von Linde patents a machine that uses compressed ammonia to cool. This takes over the culinary scene Sandvik. “The History of the Refrigerator.” The History of the Refrigerator - Sandvik Materials Technology, www.materials.sandvik/en/campaigns/fridge-of-the-future/the-history-of-the-refrigerator/. tkwan
1876 Alexander Graham Bell won the first U.S. patent for the telephone Elon University, “1870s-1940s: Telephone,” https://www.elon.edu/e-web/predictions/150/1870.xhtml, (August 29th, 2019) moneill
1876 Alexander Graham Bell transmits the first instance of human speech over a telephone to his assistant, Thomas A. Watson, sitting in the next room. PBS, “Alexander Graham Bell”, (PBS), https://www.pbs.org/transistor/album1/addlbios/bellag.html (4 Sept. 2021) jrmalcarne
1876 John Moss and John Smith of New York built a "Cash Recording Machine". https://www.proquest.com/docview/200449823?accountid=29120&pq-origsite=primo&parentSessionId=iC6ruZgm5FtNlv%2FteOQEour4mImZdbcoxq0yj4bQVXk%3D asbrady


1877 Thomas Edison reveals the phonograph to record and play back sounds. A cylinder rotates as a needle presses against it. The needle vibrates due to sound and leaves wave patterns in the cylinder, leaving a recording of sound. He showed his phonograph in the New York office of Scientific American Magazine. Frenchman Charles Cros also claimed to have invented phonograph because he described a similar concept earlier than Edison. Interestingly, Edison did not work hard to commercialize the phonograph. rpdabrowski
1877 The first dry cell battery is invented (improved by 1887), became very popular due to ease of use. djlaplante
1878 Ramon de Verea invents the first direct multiplication machine. This computation method was faster than previous methods. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1878 The first music is put on record: cornetist Jules Levy plays "Yankee Doodle." Bruck, J., Grundy, A., & Joel, I. (1999, October 17). An Audio Timeline. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/audio.history.timeline.html cwjacobsohn
1878 The QWERTY Keyboard Layout is invented by Christopher Latham Sholes. The layout is designed to reduce typewriter jamming.

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/fact-of-fiction-the-legend-of-the-qwerty-keyboard-49863249/ (Accessed March 22 2018)

jbbrown
1879 James Ritty and his brother John constructed the first cash register. ygong5
1879 Universal Postal union established The History of Mail and the Postal System, https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-mail-1992142 nvanstralen
1880 Photophone created by Alexander Graham Bell proved capacity for light to hold an audio signal Bellis, Mary. "How Fiber Optics Was Invented." ThoughtCo, Jun. 27, 2021, thoughtco.com/birth-of-fiber-optics-4091837. (September 4, 2023) agjensen
1880 The telephone network starts to become substantial with more than 50,000 telephone lines existing in the United States. Shinder, Debra L., Computer Networking Essentials (Cisco Press, 2001), 3. http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com.ezproxy.wpi.edu/book/networking/1587130386/introduction-to-pc-networking/3?uicode=wpi (9/2/2015) svadlamudi
1880 Chichester Bell and Charles Tainter improve on the phonograph by using a wax cylinder instead of tin foil and by using a floating stylus to incise, rather than indent, the cylinder. This improved device was called a graphophone. History of the Cylinder. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from https://www.loc.gov/collections/edison-company-motion-pictures-and-sound-recordings/articles-and-essays/history-of-edison-sound-recordings/history-of-the-cylinder-phonograph/ cwjacobsohn 1880 Pierre Curie in 1880 described the piezoelectric effect whereby mechanical distortion of ceramic crystals would produce an electric charge https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987368/ Rtong


1880's Invention of the first punch card system by John Shaw Billings after public demand for a more detailed census statistics. Heide, Punched-Card Systems and the Early Information Explosion, 1880-1954, (John Hopkins University Press, 2009), p.1-37, 105-127, 252-168 jdwalden
1881 William Grylls Adams and Richard Evans Day discover that selenium produces electricity when in light. adurkee
1881 Alexander Graham Bell made the first metal detector in order to try to save President James Garfield after being shot. https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-metal-detector-1992303 cemcdonough
1881 AD Roll film camera is invented Masoner, Liz, "A Brief History of Photography and the Camera." (The Spruce Crafts. September 5, 2018) https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/brief-history-of-photography-2688527 kcariglia
1881 The Ritty brothers sold their rights to the machine and the new owners added a cash drawer. National Museum of American History, “Cash and Credit Registers,” (Smithsonian Institution, n.d), https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/cash-and-credit-registers (9/1/22). tbgoggin
1882 Nikola Tesla invents a two-stage induction motor. Joseph Michalowicz, Origin of the Electric Motor, https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6444428, (Access Date 8/28/2019) agalgano
1883 The world's first printing calculator, the Scheutz Difference Engine, was invented. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1883 Charles Fritts creats the first photovoltaic cell by melting thin sheets of selenium on a metal substrate and placing a thin gold leaf on top of the selenium. adurkee
1884 John H. Patterson bought the cash register business and renamed it the National Cash Register Company. https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/National_Cash_Register_Company (Accessed 9/1/2022) tbgoggin
1884 Heman Hollerith engineered a way to use punched cards with tabulators for the 1890 census utilizing circular holes Heide, Punched-Card Systems and the Early Information Explosion, 1880-1954, (John Hopkins University Press, 2009), p.1-37, 105-127, 252-168 jdwalden
1885 Roll Film - Instead of glass, paper, or other expensive materials, George Eastman and William H. Walker develop the first roll of film and a camera to use it with. The Kodak camera was born. tjstone
1885 Gyrocompass is patented, meant to be used by ships for navigation Galison, Peter (187). How experiments end. pp. 34-37. ptspillane
1885 Frank Reade jr. created the “Electric Man”, an electric Version of John Brainerd’s Steam Man https://www.robotshop.com/media/files/PDF/timeline.pdf rnbeaver
1886 Carl Benz patents the first automobile. It would be considered a level 0 autonomy car. Suzanne Deffree, Karl Benz drives the first automobile, July 3, 1886, (EDN.com, 7/3/19), https://www.edn.com/karl-benz-drives-the-first-automobile-july-3-1886/ (Accessed 4/2/21) cctulig, jpoulos
1887 The Comptometer, the first key-driven adding and calculating machine, is invented by Dorr Felt. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1887

Emile Berliner invents and patents the Gramophone, a non-wax disc photo-engraved with a lateral-cut groove.

Schoenherr, S. E. (2005, July 6). Recording Technology History. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/recording.technology.history/notes.html

cwjacobsohn
1887

Heinrich Hertz produced, sent and received wireless waves using reflectors to amplify the waves

http://www.wirelesscommunication.nl/reference/chaptr07/history.htm

zrrobbins
1888 Friedrich Haselwander develops a three-coil voltage system that runs synchronized as a generator. Martin Doppelbauer, The Invention of the Electric Motor, http://www.eti.kit.edu/english/1376.php, (Access Date 8/29/2019) agalgano
1888 Medical Use of bent glass rods by Roth and Reus of Vienna Bellis, Mary. "How Fiber Optics Was Invented." ThoughtCo, Jun. 27, 2021, thoughtco.com/birth-of-fiber-optics-4091837. (September 4, 2023) agjensen
1888 Hertz demonstrates the existence of radio waves, prompting the search for suitable detectors. adurkee
1888 Emile Berliner displays his invention, the record player, as an alternative to the phonograph. rpdabrowski
1888 The Telautograph enabled written communication over long distances by the use of recorded electrical impulses that transmitted to the receiving telautograph. wtao
1888 AD Kodak is founded Masoner, Liz, "A Brief History of Photography and the Camera." (The Spruce Crafts. September 5, 2018) https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/brief-history-of-photography-2688527 kcariglia
1888 an article called novel reading "evil" and compared it to "dram drinking" https://timeline.com/what-technology-are-we-addicted-to-this-time-f0f7860f2fab amkwan
1890 Herman Hollerith created the most successful Mechanical tabulating machines. ygong5
1890s Azel C. Hough created a device, the Hough Security Cash Recorder, that was able to create slips recording transactions and use locks to offer protection against intruders. National Museum of American History, “Cash and Credit Registers,” (Smithsonian Institution, n.d), https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/cash-and-credit-registers (9/1/22). tbgoggin


1891 William Burroughs begins to commercial manufacture his adding calculator through the Burroughs Adding Machine Company. Calculators became commonplace in American business offices.


dssilva
1891 The first electric car was built by William Morrison. https://www.livescience.com/37538-who-invented-the-car.html (Accessed March 21, 2018) anpennie
1891 Ernest Mercadier introduced the very first headset , meant for the telephone https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/a-partial-history-of-headphones-4693742/ alate
1891 Nikola Tesla invented the Tesla Coil which could conduct electricity through the air. Nikola Tesla, SYSTEM OF ELECTRIC LIGHTNING (United States Patent US454622A, 06/23/1891), https://patents.google.com/patent/US454622 (09/05/2023) akzhang
1892 Nikola Tesla experiments with energy frequency's, predicts that it could be used for telecommunications in the future
1892 The Myers Automatic Booth, the first lever voting machine, was used in Lockport, New York Douglas W. Jones, “A Brief Illustrated History of Voting,” (The University of Iowa, 2003), http://homepage.divms.uiowa.edu/~jones/voting/pictures/, (April 1, 2020) mfrossetti
1890s Phone is used more after the initial first patent expires epguleksen
1894 Berliner's company, the United States Gramophone Company, puts rubber gramophone discs on the market. These discs could be mass-produced, unlike cylinders at the time, and they were quickly adopted as a result. Emile Berliner and the Birth of the Recording Industry. (2001, June). Retrieved March 21, 2016, from https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/berlhtml/berlhome.html cwjacobsohn


1895 Wilhelm Rontgen discovers x-rays http://www.ncmedicaljournal.com/content/75/2/111.full.pd lnguyen3


1895 first radio signal sent and received by Guglielmo Marconi http://www.ncmedicaljournal.com/content/75/2/111.full.pd lnguyen3


1895 Guglielmo Marconi creates first wireless system capable of transmitting a signal long distances The Invention of Radio Technology, https://www.thoughtco.com/invention-of-radio-1992382 nvanstralen
1895 Waldmar Jungner invents a nickel-cadmium rechargeable battery. First alkaline battery. Very expensive however Much higher energy than any previous battery. djlaplante
1895 Guglielmo Marconi sent and received the first radio signal Worcester State University, “Who Invented the Radio?”, https://public.wsu.edu/~bryan.mclaughlin/Radio/Who_Invented_Radio.html, (August 29th, 2019) moneill
1896 Electronic fencing hit detection created https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-long-history-behind-fencers-hitdetecting-electrified-gear ggsmith
1896

Guglielmo Marconi creates the first wireless telegraph system

http://www.wirelesshistoryfoundation.org/wireless-history-project/wireless-history-timeline zrrobbins
1896 Samuel P. Language developed the first unmanned aerial vehicle. A steam-powered unmanned aircraft that flew for around 60 seconds above the Potomac River https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/langley-aerodrome-number-5 Visited: 3/23/2018 hdunphy


1897 Marconi demonstrated a radio transmission over 18 miles of the English Channel. The first wireless company, Wireless Telegraph and Signal Company was founded. http://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/24759 zrrobbins
1897

Karl Ferdinand Braun creates a cathode ray oscilloscope, the first applied use of CRT display technology. By controlling the direction of electrons, Braun was able to generate markings on a screen.

http://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Basis/cathode.html, “Ferdinand Braun” (Britannica, June 2, 2020), https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-Braun (accessed April 6, 2021) nadiaz, larathke
1897 Edwin Votey invents the Pianola, the first player piano https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_605795 jmmoy
1898 Valdemar Poulsen develops and patents the telegraphone, the first magnetic recorder, which works by magnetizing thin steel wire. Morton, D. Inventing the Wire Recorder. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.recording-history.org/HTML/wire2.php cwjacobsohn
1898 Nikola Tesla builds and demonstrates a remote controlled robot boat at Madison Square Garden. eosowski
1898 First electronic hearing aid https://hearingsystemsinc.com/the-history-of-hearing-aids/ 9/8/2020 parago
1899 The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell mburns23
1900 Thomas Lambert develops a method for mass-producing indestructible celluloid cylinder audio recordings. Schoenherr, S. E. (2005, July 6). Recording Technology History. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/recording.technology.history/notes.html cwjacobsohn
1900 The first hybrid car was invented by Ferdinand Porsche. https://www.livescience.com/37538-who-invented-the-car.html (Accessed March 21, 2018) anpennie


1900 Tabulating Machine Company releases cards with 24 columns and 10 positions IBM, The IBM Punched Card, (IBM 100), https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/punchcard/#:~:text=Punched%20cards%20date%20back%20to,what%20would%20eventually%20become%20IBM (9/3/2023) jdwalden
1901 Carl Ferdinand Braun uses semiconductor rectifiers to receive radio signals. adurkee
1901 Marconi sends "first successful transatlantic radio communication". This helped him prove that the Earth's curvature does not affect radio signals. mburns23
1901 Nikola Tesla begins the goal of wireless powering and attempts it with his Wardenclyffe tower Tesla Science Center, Tesla's Tower at Wardenclyffe (2020), https://teslasciencecenter.org/history/tower/ (09/04/2023) akzhang
1902 Danish engineer, Valdmar Poulsen, invents Poulsen-Arc, a radio transmitter
1902 Edison introduces his own method for mass-producing hard wax cylinders.


Schoenherr, S. E. (2005, July 6). Recording Technology History. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/recording.technology.history/notes.html cwjacobsohn
1902 Air Conditioner invented by Willis Haviland Carrier http://www.partselect.ca/Resources/Appliances-Timeline-Of-Their-Arrival.aspx mjmcdonald


1902 First science fiction film released: the French Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip To The Moon) http://brainknowsbetter.com/news/2014/2/21/georges-melies-a-trip-to-the-moon-reveals-the-psychology-of-film kthooppalvasu


1903 Einhoven creates electrocardiogram http://smj.sma.org.sg/5301/5301ms1.pdfd lnguyen3


1903 The nickel-iron battery is invented, light weight and durable, though not as powerful as alkaline. djlaplante
1903 Nikola Tesla patents electrical AND gates https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/document/4397196/citations#citations reastwood


1904 Welte in Freiburg, Germany succeeds in using perforated paper record and reproduce an original piano performance, essentially inventing the player piano. rpdabrowski
1904 Christian Hülsmeyer invents “Telemobiloskop” to transmit and receive Hertzian waves to give alarm for the presence of a metallic object such as a ship or a train, in the direction of transmission. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00584-3. (last retrieved March 19, 2023). rpdabrowski
1905 John Fleming invents the Vacuum Tube

http://www.pbs.org/transistor/science/events/vacuumt.html

ajthompson
1906 William Randolph Hearst begins to use cylinder recordings of his speeches in his campaign for governor of New York. Schoenherr, S. E. (2005, July 6). Recording Technology History. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/recording.technology.history/notes.html cwjacobsohn
1906 After extensive testing of materials while working on wireless signals, Greenleaf Whittier Pickard discovers silicon crystals as the most stable of rectifiers for receiving wireless signals out of about 30000 materials. adurkee
1906 Harvard releases report on “The Physical Aspect of American Football” in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal first using term of concussion of the brain in a medical journal and further describes TBI effects mhsultan
1906 First Audio Radio Broadcast is sent on December 24, 1906
1906 Thaddeus Cahill invents the first polyphonic, touch-sensitive music synthesizer. Weidenaar, Reynold (1995). Magic Music from the Telharmonium. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. aperucic
1906 Creation of first semiconductor diode. Zhang, J, Eternal 5D data storage by ultrafast laser writing in glass, (University of Southampton, 3/4/2016), https://www-spiedigitallibrary-org.ezpxy-web-p-u01.wpi.edu/conference-proceedings-of-spie/9736/1/Eternal-5D-data-storage-by-ultrafast-laser-writing-in-glass/10.1117/12.2220600.full, (4/2/2020) maferreira
1906 Reginal Fessenden sets the stage for commercialized radio by sending the first ever long-distance transmission of music and human voice via radio waves. American Experience, “The Development of Radio”, (PBS), https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/ americanexperience/features/rescue-development-radio/ (4 Sept. 2021) jrmalcarne
1907 UPS was founded. tpatikorn
1907 Lee De Forest invents the triode tube, capable of not only acting as a diode, but also an amplifier for the signal passing through the tube. https://www.google.com/patents/US879532, Retrieved: March 21, 2016
1908 first electric powred washing machine invented by Alva J. Fisher, manufactured by the Hurley Machine Company of Chicago “Evolution of Washing Machines Timeline.” Timetoast, November 15, 1851. https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/evolution-of-washing-machines. amkwan
1910 Navy uses headset/headphones for Naval radio operators https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/a-partial-history-of-headphones-4693742/ alate
1910's first bookkeeping systems using punched cards was launched. These systems printed calculations and the original information that was on the punched cards. Competition grew for the Tabulation Machine Company Heide, Punched-Card Systems and the Early Information Explosion, 1880-1954, (John Hopkins University Press, 2009), p.1-37, 105-127, 252-168 jdwalden
1911 Torre's Automatic Chess Player https://chessprogramming.wikispaces.com/El+Ajedrecista awheeler2


1911 Fred Wiseman flew with mails from Petaloma to Santa Rosa, California in 1911. tpatikorn
1912 Creation of electric stove completed by Lloyd Groff Copeman http://www.partselect.ca/Resources/Appliances-Timeline-Of-Their-Arrival.aspx mjmcdonald
1912 Lawrence Sperry invents the first autopiloted aircraft (9 years after the wright brothers made the plane). https://scandinaviantraveler.com/en/aviation/the-story-of-the-worlds-first-autopilot calobo
1912 Boris Rosing uses the cathode ray tube as a “television” Alexander B Magoun, Television: The Life Story of a Technology, (Greenwood Press, 2007), https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=EbHOEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&ots=VGKBnYSbl8&sig=rpRqEEDiBc0YY7l1PdwG6IzVNRU#v=onepage&q&f=false (9/2/2023) rkoffstein
1912 El Ajedrecista, the first automatic mechanical chess machine, was created by Leonardo Torres y Quevedo https://history-computer.com/leonardo-torres-chess-machine/ Accessed 08/30/2023 abeck
1913 FedEx was founded. tpatikorn
1913 Stenography machines called "stenotype" scbarry
1913 First refrigerator for home use created by Fred W. Wolf http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3768 mjmcdonald
1913 First electric dishwasher on the market, created by Walker Brothers http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3768 mjmcdonald
1913 Echo Sounder is created to measure depth and distance at sea using sound waves Salous, Sana (2013). Radio Propagation Measurement and Channel Modelling. John Wiley & Sons. P. 424. ptspillane
1913 First factory assembly line was introduced by Ford Motor which represents one of the earliest forms of automation. https://www.brighthubengineering.com/manufacturing-technology/126293-history-of-automation-in-manufacturing/#history-of-automation-in-manufacturing calobo
1914 First technical application of ultrasound (first working sonar system) http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/history1.html lnguyen3


1915 Carl Benedicks found that germanium's resistance lay between that of silver and tin, and produced a diode using germanium, platinum, and copper. adurkee
1915 The automatic telephone exchange is created, removing the need for operators on every call. mburns23
1915 British use ariel imagery to capture 1500 sky view maps of the German trench fortifications. http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser 1915 His pupil Paul Langevin built the first hydrophone which used ultrasonic waves to locate the position and distance of submarines and is the principle behind the measurement of the fetus and abdominal masses by ultrasound. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987368/

Rtong


1916 First 2 way radio test on naval warships tasellielund23


1916 One of the first feature-length science fiction films released: 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. https://publicdomainreview.org/collections/20000-leagues-under-the-sea-1916/ kthooppalvasu
1916 leather helmet made for football players protection in response to the onslaught of injuries stemming from the sport. More helmets would be made for the same purpose mhsultan
1917 Vernam cipher invented. The Vernam Cipher is a symmetric cipher intended to encrypt teletype messages. The method of encryoption is combining the original plaintext message with a sequence of random polyalphabetic characters. https://www.hypr.com/vernam-cipher/ zhenhe, rcsawka, mjadragna
1917 British intelligence intercepts the German transmission known as the Zimmerman Telegram. After decoded, the British discover that Germany had planned to offer Mexico US territory in return for allying with them in the war. Prichard, Roger, "History of Encryption", (SANS Institute, 2002), https://www.giac.org/paper/gsec/1555/history-encryption/102877#:~:text=The%20first%20use%20of%20encryption,method%20called%20the%20substitution%20cipher. 9/1/2021 bnsahagian
1918 The US creates ariel torpedoes that work as kamikaze drones. The war ended before these drones saw use. http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
1919 Animator Max Fleischer invented rotoscoping - a process of tracing over actual footage frame-by-frame https://medium.com/@lumrachele/a-brief-history-of-motion-tracking-technology-and-how-it-is-used-today-44923087ef4c kofichtner
1919

Walter H. Schottky invented the tetrode tube, an improvement over the triode, by adding an electrical screen between the control grid and the anode, which decouples the two to allow for higher voltage gains with a single tube.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6218283

ajthompson


1920 The very first radio news program is broadcast, signaling radio as the new dominant medium for entertainment, news, and accessibility of information prlee
1920's Improved calculation capabilities and now included letters. Europe began adopting Punched card technology Heide, Punched-Card Systems and the Early Information Explosion, 1880-1954, (John Hopkins University Press, 2009), p.1-37, 105-127, 252-168 jdwalden
1920 John Hugo Mfg. Co. developed a toy for young children called Radio Rex that would move forward when the dog's name, Rex, was called. Gold, Bernard, Nelson Morgan, and Dan Ellis. "Chapter 4: Brief History of Automatic Speech Recognition." Speech and Audio Signal Processing: Processing and Perception of Speech and Music. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. N. pag. Print. leantul


1920 European cinema diverges from American cinema in using science fiction for social commentary. Example: Aelita: Queen of Mars https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_science_fiction_films#Silent%20film. Aelita: http://sensesofcinema.com/2010/cteq/aelita-queen-of-mars/ kthooppalvasu
1920 Electrostatic pickups first invented and implemented in string instruments A. Ingram, A concise history of the electric guitar. Pacific, MO: Mel Bay Publications, 2001. sparks
1920 First guitar amplifier created using vacuum tubes J. Teagle, “Antique Guitar Amps 1928-1934,” Vintage Guitar, Sep-1997. sparks
1920s Pre-print fact checking departments introduced in major news publications Nyhan, B., Reifler, J., & Graves, L. (2015, April 22). The diffusion of fact-checking: Understanding the growth of a journalistic innovation. Retrieved April 02, 2021, from https://www.issuelab.org/resource/the-diffusion-of-fact-checking-understanding-the-growth-of-a-journalistic-innovation.html aebolduc
1921 Pager was invented - First used by Detroit Police Department https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-pagers-and-beepers-1992315 psjain
1921 One of the first radio stations to host music program airs under the name 'WJZ'
1921 Czech writer Karel Capek introduces the word "Robot" in his play "R.U.R"(Rossuum's Universal Robots)" "Robot in Czech comes from the word "robota" meaning "compulsory labor" eosowski
1921 First try of car-to car radio (2016, May 19). In 1921 first car-to-car radios are used. by Gyasi C. on Prezi. Retrieved March 24, 2017, from https://prezi.com/0c6dbmxmfen3/in-1921-first-car-to-car-radios-are-used/ yzhou8
1921 First graphing calculator is invented by Edith Clarke Charlotte Montague, Women of Invention Life-Changing Ideas by Remarkable Women dstusalitus
1921 First trans-Atlantic tests of radio communications. WPI's station is one of the first heard in Scotland. http://wpiwa.wpi.edu/about.html csalter2
1922 Bell Telephone Laboratories develops and produces a "condenser microphone," which is designed to better reduce distortion, increase bass response, and capture more of the highs and lows of sound. Arthur Scerbius built the German Enigma machine. zhenhe
1922 BBC broadcasts first radio program http://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/24759 zrrobbins
1922 Guglielmo Marconi first proposes the concept of radar in a speech at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and The Institute of Radio Engineers https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00584-3. (last retrieved March 19, 2023). kjlopez
1923 First electric key punch is designed by IBM. This was one of the earliest machines that could be used to create data and input for computers. http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/history/year_1923.html (accessed March 21, 2016). djkiourtsis
1923 First prototype of the Enigma machine is invented sold as a commercial product by German engineer Arthur Scherbius. Churchhouse, R. (2002). Codes and ciphers Julius Caesar, the Enigma, and the internet . Cambridge ;: Cambridge University Press. etarthur
1923 AD First instant camera is invented Masoner, Liz, "A Brief History of Photography and the Camera." (The Spruce Crafts. September 5, 2018) https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/brief-history-of-photography-2688527 kcariglia
1924 Electric Recorders - The electronic amplifier by Western Electric inspired Columbia to develop electric recording technology. It turned out to be a huge success. The electronic recorders soon become more popular than traditional acoustic players. bangyan
1924 Zugtelephonie AG started supplying wireless telephone equipment for trains. https://historycooperative.org/first-cell-phone/ hwang15
1924 The First ever teaching Machine, called the Pressey Teaching Machine, is demonstrated at the American Psychological Association by Sidney Leavitt Pressey. Benjamin, L. T. (1988). A history of teaching machines. American Psychologist, 43(9), 703–712. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.43.9.703 elevin
1925 35mm Film - Developed by Leica, this film size becomes the most popular size for amateur photographers. tjstone
1925 Houdina Radio Control demonstrates a radio controlled car called the Linriccan Wonder in New York City. The car is controlled by a passenger in a following car. Driverless Dreams: Technological Narratives and the Shape of the Automated Car. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. Pg. 11. http://www.estayton.com/Stayton_DriverlessDreams_May5_2015.pdf. aaadkins
1925 Gerhard Fischar created portable metal detector which was sold commercially in 1931. https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-metal-detector-1992303 cemcdonough
1925 The New York Times reports that “the competition among the radio experts of several countries, including the United States, for the achievement of ‘television’ has been won by the French inventor, Edouard Belin.” Bakalar, Nicholas, “When ‘Symptoms of Television’ Began Their Inexorable Spread”, (New York Times, 29 Feb. 2016),

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/01/science/television-history.html#:~:text=On%20May%2018%2C%201939%2C%2C,new%20subhead%3A%20%E2%80%9CTelevision.%E2%80%9D&text=An%20earlier%20version%20of%20this,the%20%E2%80%9CRadio%20Today%E2%80%9D%20listings (5 Sept. 2021)

jrmalcarne
1926 Walter H. Schottky invented the tetrode tube, an improvement over the triode, by adding an electrical screen between the control grid and the anode, which decouples the two to allow for higher voltage gains with a single tube http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6218283 ajthompson
1926 The first computer-aided instruction (CAI) was invented by Pressey. A teaching machine, a multiple-choice machine, was developed by Sydney Pressey, Professor of Psychology at Ohio State University. Haran, Michael. “A History of Education Technology.” The Institute of Progressive Education and Learning, institute-of-progressive-education-and-learning.org/a-history-of-education-technology/. ekim4
1927 Plus four wristlet route indicator released hsahay
1927 First successful demonstration of electronic television by 21-year-old Philo Farnsworth Mitchell Stephens, “History of Television,” https://www.nyu.edu/classes/stephens/History%20of%20Television%20page.htm, (August 29th, 2019) moneill
1927 General George Squier patents technology allowing music to be transmitted over electrical lines https://www.google.com/patents/US1641608?dq=1641608 egouveia
1928 Pagers were officially launched - Allowed for 1-way radio communication with police cars https://www.silicon.co.uk/mobility/smartphones/tales-tech-history-pager-204285 psjain
1928 First ever Television Broadcast https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/bigdream-tv-milestones/#:~:text=Television's%20first%20drama%2CThe%20Queen's,reception%20of%20images%20in%201929 mssensat
1928 One-way police radio communication
1928 The N.Y.S.E. introduces new and improved high-speed tickers. The devices can print 500 characters per minute, almost twice as fast as the earlier models. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/crash/2/ tleung
1928 Invention of magnetic tape for recording sound by Fritz Pfleumer in Germany
1928 IBM releases cards with 80 columns, 10 rows for numbers, and rectangular holes IBM, The IBM Punched Card, (IBM 100), https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/punchcard/#:~:text=Punched%20cards%20date%20back%20to,what%20would%20eventually%20become%20IBM (9/3/2023) jdwalden
1928 Electric refrigerators use freon as a safer compression liquid alternative Sandvik. “The History of the Refrigerator.” The History of the Refrigerator - Sandvik Materials Technology, www.materials.sandvik/en/campaigns/fridge-of-the-future/the-history-of-the-refrigerator/. tkwan
1928 IBM introduces the IBM punch card format utilizing 80 columns of rectangular holes. IBM100—The IBM Punched Card. (2012, March 7). [CTB14]. IBM Corporation. http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/punchcard/ mchalmers
1928 John von Neumann created the Minimax algorithm https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/soco/projects/1998-99/game-theory/Minimax.html#:~:text=The%20Minimax%20algorithm%20is%20the,choice%20that%20a%20player%20makes. Accessed 08/30/2023 abeck
1929 First ever live television broadcast https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/page/1f054f8e6830404e9a1d5c020720c6ac mssensat
1929 Edward Link developed the “Link Trainer”, a commercial flight simulator that simulated the movements of a plane in actual flight. https://www.vrs.org.uk/virtual-reality/history.html bmwaid
1929 Herman A. Affel Invents and Patents Copper Coaxial Cable. Herman A. Affel Coaxial Cable, (National Inventers Hall of Fame 2006) https://www.invent.org/inductees/herman-affel, (September 4, 2023) agjensen
1929 German psychiatrist Hans Berger invents electroencephalography (EEG), which is the monitoring and recording of electrical activity within the brain. Although this breakthrough was largely ignored at the time due to general disinterest and its seemingly inapplicable nature, it was the first step to pave the way for further development of brain-computer interfacing. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16334737/#:~:text=Abstract,MRI%2C%20DSA%2C%20etc.) ajlee
1929 Milton Ezra LaZerte invents the Problem Cylender, a machine that could not only check if answers were right or wrong, but also check steps. Hunka, S. M., & Buck, G. H. The Rise and Fall of CAl at the University of Alberta's Faculty of Education.

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a1f78a1adeac1e23a37a45b72a30bd13b59078ca

elevin
1930 Prototype “lap steel” electric guitar created that would be replicated and duplicated by many manufacturers later (used magnetic pickups instead of electrostatic) A. Ingram, A concise history of the electric guitar. Pacific, MO: Mel Bay Publications, 2001. sparks


1930
1930 Magnetic Recorders - Magnetic recording is widely used today for video and audio tape. It is actually introduced way back in the 1900s. However, it is in the 1930s that it truly becomes a popular recording way for the public and companies such as BBC. At that time, the best magnetic technology is in the hands of German companies. bangyan
1930 IBM releases new version with 12 rows for numbers. Application of punched cards grows to business statistics and record management. Punched cards went from disposable data-procession tool to storage medium IBM, The IBM Punched Card, (IBM 100), https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/punchcard/#:~:text=Punched%20cards%20date%20back%20to,what%20would%20eventually%20become%20IBM (9/3/2023) jdwalden
1930 The Hike-o-meter becomes popular in America with the growing popularity of walking

Freedman, R. (2005). Children of the Clutch Plague. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

tjaskoviak
1930 Dick Tracy - The Concept hsahay
1930 Analog compression developed bjsharron
1930 German medical student Heinrich Lamm was the first person to assemble a bundle of optical fibers to carry an image. https://www.thoughtco.com/birth-of-fiber-optics-4091837 aforozco
1930s Lever voting machines were used in most major United States cities and spread slowly to other districts Douglas W. Jones, “A Brief Illustrated History of Voting,” (The University of Iowa, 2003), http://homepage.divms.uiowa.edu/~jones/voting/pictures/, (April 1, 2020) mfrossetti
1932 Polish cryptologists broke the Enigma machine code http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2215003/Secrets-Enigma-code-cracked-Polish-Brits-MPs-claim.html; Churchhouse, R. (2002). Codes and ciphers Julius Caesar, the Enigma, and the internet. Cambridge ;: Cambridge University Press. ajmokotoff, etarthur
1932 Allen B. Du Mont creates the first commercially viable Cathode ray tube for television Du Mont, A. (1932). An Investigation of Various Electrode Structures of Cathode Ray Tubes Suitable for Television Reception. Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, 20(12), 1863–1877. https://doi.org/10.1109/JRPROC.1932.227747 mchalmers
1933 Two-way police radio communication
1933 FM Radio (frequency modulation) is invented by Edwin Armstrong
1933 Two-thirds of American households own at least one radio.
1933 George Artsrouni patents a basic translation device that makes use of stored paper tape to translate any word into another language. Hutchins, W. John, “MACHINE TRANSLATION: A BRIEF HISTORY,” Concise history of the language sciences: from the Sumerians to the cognitivists (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1995), p431-445. kmpicho
1933 Paul Lueg invents the concept of soundwave cancellation by using opposite soundwaves through speakers https://www.headphonesty.com/2020/10/history-of-noise-cancelling-headphones/
1933 Leo Young and Lawrence Hyland devise with Hoyt Taylor a system of widely spaced transmitters and receivers at Fort Monmouth New York for detecting aircraft. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAES.2000.839634. (last retrieved March 19, 2023). kjlopez
1933 Petr Petrovich Troyanskii invents mechanical translator https://historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=3887 nrgiangregorio
1934 Akira Nakashima introduces circuit switching theory https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ieejfms/124/8/124_8_720/_article reastwood
1935 Hammond Organ Company invents the first commercially successful additive synthesizer. http://www.hammond-organ.com/History/hammond_lore.htm Visited 08/30/2017 aperucic
1935 Punched cards used primarily for bookkeeping and operating large registers of people Heide, Punched-Card Systems and the Early Information Explosion, 1880-1954, (John Hopkins University Press, 2009), p.1-37, 105-127, 252-168 jdwalden
1935 The first RADAR system is invented, which will later be advanced and refined into use for weather and storm tracking, especially for tornadoes. https://www.thoughtco.com/radar-and-doppler-history-4070020 amrebello
1935 Guglielmo Marconi begins experiments of mobile radar receiver and transmitter link between the Vatican and Castel Gandolfo in Italy https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00584-3 (last retrieved March 19, 2023). kjlopez
1936 Alan Turing introduces the concept of a theoretical computer called the Turing Machine. Additionally, he introduces the principle of imitation. Robert Epstein, Gary Roberts, Grace Beber, Parsing the Turing Test (Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 2009) eosowski, rjsthilaire
1936 Ronald Fisher first describes Linear Discriminant Analysis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Fisher#cite_note-70 ljbuquicchio
1936 The Dvorak Simplified Keyboard is invented by Dr. August Dvorak. The layout intends to minimize finger motion and typing errors. https://patents.google.com/patent/US2040248 jbbrown
1936 Alonzo Church discovers Lambda Calculus, the foundation for functional programming languages. https://hope.simons-rock.edu/~pshields/cs/cmpt320/barendregt.pdf rmschade
1937 First FM Radio station is created, W1X0J in Massachusetts
1937 Alan Turing publishes his "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem" https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/Turing_Paper_1936.pdf jtreiss
1937 AD Polaroid is founded Masoner, Liz, "A Brief History of Photography and the Camera." (The Spruce Crafts. September 5, 2018) https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/brief-history-of-photography-2688527 kcariglia
1937 Bendix released the first automatic washing machine “Evolution of Washing Machines Timeline.” Timetoast, November 15, 1851. https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/evolution-of-washing-machines. amkwan
1938 Orson Welles' "The War of the World" is broadcast causing panic across nation, many citizens believing the alien invasion is real.
1938 Pulse-code modulation invented by Alec Reeves Tony Hill, Digital Sound: Episode 5 of 5 (BBC, Sun 27 Mar 2011), https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00zs7v5 (11/2/20) brdesousa
1938 Stenograph founded https://www.stenograph.com/history-writers scbarry
1939 Homer Dudley invented and showed the world the Voder which according to Bernard Gold's publication in The Lincoln Laboratory Journal, was a machine that, was controlled by a human operator who operated a console similar to a piano keyboard (pg. 163). Gold, Bernard. "A History of Vocoder Research at Lincoln Laboratory." The Lincoln Laboratory Journal 3.2 (1990): 163-202. Lincoln Laboratory. Web. 4 Sept. 2015. leantul
1939 United States creates the first remote controlled air craft called the radio plane OQ2 http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
1939 “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”, the first full-length American film using rotoscoping is released http://www.engadget.com/2018-05-25-motion-capture-history-video-vicon-siren.html kofichtner
1939 Norman Bel Geddes depicts radio-controlled autonomous vehicles propelled by electromagnetic fields produced by circuitry in roads at the World's Fair. Autonomous Cars: Past, Present and Future - A Review of the Developments in the Last Century, the Present Scenario and the Expected Future of Autonomous Vehicle Technology. SCITEPRESS, 2015. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7350466&tag=1. Pg 2 aaadkins
1939 One of the first entertainment television programs was the broadcasting of a Major League baseball game. First Televised Major League Baseball Game, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-televised-major-league-baseball-game mazyla
1940s Magnetic-core memory was invented. https://www.dataversity.net/brief-history-data-storage/ nchkhaidze
1940 "The History of Musical Instruments" by Curt Sachs offers the term 'electrophone', which is used to describe any kind of instruments that involved electricity.
1940 Issac Asimov produces a series of short stories about robots for Super Science Stories magazine, these stories are eventually compiled into the vont-size: small;">Information Theory developed leading to new techniques in data compression bjsharron
1940 British physicists, Harry Boot and John Randall, developed the cavity magnetron which helped Britain fight back against Germany during WWII. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6331897.stm nshukla
1940's : First appearance of RFID Technology Sun, Fan Jiang, Shaohua Jiang, Research on RFID Applications in Construction Industry, (Journal of Networks, 2013) https://www.proquest.com/docview/1366056513?accountid=29120&pq-origsite=primo&parentSessionId=S6xVI%2BVA7whL66KolxxLEbWWw8USanoysppGa29T8XU%3D (9/3/2023) jdwalden
1940 Goliath a mobile landmine used by German forces was remotely controlled and could be remotely detonated. http://www.allonrobots.com/military_robots_history.html Visited: 3/23/2018 hdunphy
1940 Dr. Edward Condon displays a game machine called the Nimatron at the New York World’s Fair. Jeremy Norman, NIMATRON: An Early Electromechanical Machine to Play the Game of Nim, https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?entryid=4472 (Accessed 9/6/2020) resallie
1941 AD The first television news station is formed M. Conway, "The Birth of CBS-TV News," Journalism History, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 128-137, 2006. prlee
1941 Les Paul produces the very first electric guitar, known as "The Log". Navajo windtalkers used in World War II zhenhe
1941 The Robinson code-breaking machine is built by the British to decode ENIGMA machine messages sent by the Germans eosowski
1941 The Atanasoff-Berry computer is completed, able to solve systems of linear equations


xjjackson


1941 Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor. US fails to act on information intercepted by SIGINT D. Owen, "A review of intelligence oversight failure: NSA programs that affected Americans," Military Intelligence Professional Bulletin, 2012. mttaylor


1941 ZUSE Z3 Terminal - Konrad Zuse creates the ZUSE Z3. Its display was made up of rows of lamps to show the output of program code stored on punched film. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 Wikipedia, Z3 (computer), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z3_(computer) jhyuen


1942 Issac Asimov introduces the Three Laws of Robotics https://search.proquest.com/docview/1646568398?pq-origsite=summon rjsthilaire
1942 The U.S. Navy donated 25 surplus radars to the NWS (then known as the Weather Bureau), marking the start of a U.S. weather radar system. https://www.weather.gov/about/radar amrebello
1943 The first experimental tornado early warning system was installed in Wichita, KS; Kansas City, MO; and St. Louis, MO. https://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/magazine/tornado_forecasting/#knowledge amrebello
1943 Radio overtook newspapers in 1943 Joseph D Straubhaar, Communications Media in the Information Society, (Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1997), 179. jpmcmanus
1943 McCulloch and Pitts publish their paper "A Logical Calculus of The Ideas Immanent In Nervous Activity" providing the basis for artificial neural networks. http://www.minicomplexity.org/pubs/1943-mcculloch-pitts-bmb.pdf nmmuesch
1943 French computer expert, Rene Carmille, hacked the punch cards used by the Nazis to locate Jews. http://www.technonerdz.org/2015/01/unconventional-guide-hacking/ ajmokotoff


1943 The development of Radar by Watson-Watt and his team using electro-magnetic waves https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987368/ Rtong


1944 IBM and Harvard worked together to create the Mark I, the first programmable digital computer in the US. Kopplin, J. (2002). An Illustrated History of Computers. Retrieved September 11, 2020, from http://www.computersciencelab.com/ComputerHistory/HistoryPt2.htm jrtatone
1945 Project Shamrock. NSA begins recording telegraph data of US companies D. Owen, "A review of intelligence oversight failure: NSA programs that affected Americans," Military Intelligence Professional Bulletin, 2012. mttaylor
1945 Allied nations gain access to German invention of magnetic tape
1945 Mass production of refrigerators. The fridge is the standard for food safety Sandvik. “The History of the Refrigerator.” The History of the Refrigerator - Sandvik Materials Technology, www.materials.sandvik/en/campaigns/fridge-of-the-future/the-history-of-the-refrigerator/. tkwan
1946 The first sound engineering class and academic profession is created in Germany at the Music Institute at Detmold.
1946 AT&T mobile phone service system established in St.Louis Klemens, G. (2010). The cellphone: the history and technology of the gadget that changed the world. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. yzhou8
1946 Microwave accidentally invented during a radar research project by Dr. Percy Spencer http://www.partselect.ca/Resources/Appliances-Timeline-Of-Their-Arrival.aspx mjmcdonald
1946 Universal Recording founds by Bill Putnam
1946 Cold War begins Erin Blakemore, What was the Cold War?, (National Geographic, 2019), https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ (2 Apr 2020) icleaverstigum


1946 Ralph Benjamin invents the “roller ball”, now known as a track ball, for the British military mjhagger


1947 The first hand-held mechanical calculator, the Curta miniature, is created. Very compact and cylindrical design. http://history-computer.com/MechanicalCalculators/20thCentury/Curta.html Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1947 The United States performed experiments and observed that when two gold point contacts were applied to a crystal of germanium. https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200011/history.cfm tmarwaha
1947

The transistor is invented

http://www.wirelesshistoryfoundation.org/wireless-history-project/wireless-history-timeline


zrrobbins
1947 Commercial TV taking shape in US History of Television, https://www.nyu.edu/classes/stephens/History%20of%20Television%20page.htm mazyla
1947 Putnam records the first artist singing more than one line on a tape recorder
1947 Putnam creats artificial reverb along with other effects


1947 ENIAC Card Reader/Punch with IBM 405 Tabulator - The ENIAC used Hollerith punched cards for both input and output. Code would be punched into the input cards, the ENIAC would process the code, and then it would write out the output onto another card. These output cards could be read through the IBM 405 Tabulator. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen
1947 The first transistor was invented at Bell Laboratories. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EMkcZ2UPuu95BAHkGAW1YPhDVI2GfyMJh1pEu-wmjy0/edit?usp=sharing nmbargman
1947 The first computer generated table of one million random numbers was constructed. This was the first computerized random number generator (RNG). Pierre l'Ecuyer, History of uniform random number generation, (WSC 2017 - Winter Simulation Conference, December 2017), https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01561551 elin
1948 The first Random Access Memory (RAM) using cathode ray tubes is developed. https://www.dataversity.net/brief-history-data-storage/ nchkhaidze
1948 Instant Prints - With the invention of the Polaroid camera, pictures could be printed directly from the camera and developed within minutes. tjstone
1948 Initial work on barcode technology begins Nayak, Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology and Applications in Fashion and Textile Supply Chain, (CRC press, 2019), p.19-40 jdwalden
1948 The point-contact transistor was independently invented by German physicists. http://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/the-european-transistor-invention/ tmarwaha
1948 Frederic C. Williams and Tom Kilburn of the University of Manchester build the Small Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), one of the first computers with CRT output. Peddie, J. (2013). The history of visual magic in computers how beautiful images are made in CAD, 3D, VR and AR (p. 297). London: Springer Science & Business Media. tjnickerson
1948 Columbia records standardizes the 33 RPM vinyl record as a form of audio recording http://journals.sagepub.com.ezproxy.wpi.edu/doi/pdf/10.1177/1469540513488403 rmabualhaija
1948 RCA introduces a 45 rpm vinyl microgroove record for playing and recording music. rpdabrowski
1948 Tape recorders - Tape recorder took the position of phonograph and optical recording in the 1940s. Around 1946, the first consumer magnetic recorder came to the market. However, its market is soon replaced by that of tape recorder, which is much cheaper and better. Millions of these recorders were sold. bangyan
1948 Ralph Teetor invents cruise control MILESTONES: Ralph Teetor, Professional Engineering Publishing Ltd., 2010. http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.wpi.edu/docview/609129156?pq-origsite=summon&accountid=29120. aaadkins
1948 First piece of musique concrete publicly broadcasted
1948 AD First commercially available instant camera is released Masoner, Liz, "A Brief History of Photography and the Camera." (The Spruce Crafts. September 5, 2018) https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/brief-history-of-photography-2688527 kcariglia
1946-06-17 First mobile telephone call emilymiller
March 1949 F. C. Williams and T. Kilburn outline a cathode ray tube display for computers. F. C. Williams and T. Kilburn, "A Storage System for Use with Binary-Digital Computing Machines.” (Journal IEE, 1949), Pages 112-113. pjjankowski
1949 First Telephone Pager Patented by Al Gross (Not for public use) - Used by New York City's Jewish Hospital https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-pagers-and-beepers-1992315; https://www.silicon.co.uk/mobility/smartphones/tales-tech-history-pager-204285 psjain
1949 Warren Weaver proposes his theory of machine translation in his paper Memorandum on Translation https://go.smartling.com/blog/a-brief-history-of-machine-translation/ mjgulbin
1949 The world's first programming language "Short Code" was invented Ferguson, A. (n.d.). A history of computer programming languages. https://cs.brown.edu/~adf/programming_languages.html. ozgreen
1949 Donald Hebb provides framework for neural networks https://www.nature.com/articles/nn1100_1166 jtreiss
1949 Claude E. Shannon released the first algorithm for chess, titled Programming a Computer for Playing Chess https://vision.unipv.it/IA1/aa2009-2010/ProgrammingaComputerforPlayingChess.pdf Accessed 08/30/2023 abeck
1950s Cold War results in computers being developed for the US military Slava Gerovitch, 'Mathematical Machines' of the Cold War: Soviet Computing, American Cybernetics and Ideological Disputes in the Early 1950s, ( Sage Publications, 2001), http://blogs.bu.edu/guidedhistory/files/2013/02/MathematicalMachinesoftheColdWar.pdf (2 Apr 2020); Michael Quinn, Ethics for the Information Age, 7th Edition, (Pearson, 2017) icleaverstigum
1950 First use of the word "synthesizer" was used to describe electronic machines that were used to create sounds and music. rpdabrowski
1950 Modern magnetic tape recording has become the standard medium for recording audio. obspring
1950 Stereo Sound - Stereo is introduced to the public and soon became popular in the 1950s. Although the stereo creates false sound instrument positions, the consumers like its 3D effect. This is why it becomes popular. bangyan
1950 Huffman coding invented bjsharron
1950 Bell labs successfully produced a working bipolar NPN junction amplifying germanium transistor. http://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/first-grown-junction-transistors-fabricated/ tmarwaha
1950 Alan Turing introduces the Turing Test in his paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence". The Turing Test is a test in which a human evaluator would judge text-based conversations between a human and a machine designed to generate human-like responses. If the evaluator could not reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine would pass the test. This marks the first recorded instance of generative AI being presented in society. http://www.csee.umbc.edu/courses/471/papers/turing.pdf; Robert Epstein, Gary Roberts, Grace Beber, Parsing the Turing Test (Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 2009) , https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/333140.333147; Lynellen D. S. Perry, The Turing test (ACM, May 1, 1998) (Access Date: March 18, 2024) nmmuesch, rjsthilaire, ajli
1950 The first truly solid, wall-to-wall automated home was created and lived in by a mechanical whiz known as Emil Mathias in Jackson, Michigan of the USA https://www.the-ambient.com/features/visions-through-the-ages-history-of-home-automation-178 dberardi


1950 SWAC Console - 2,300 vacuum tubes were used for storing memory and displaying that memory in a readable format. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 Wikipedia, SWAC (computer), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWAC_(computer) jhyuen


1950s Morton Heilig invented the Sensorama, a fully immersive theatre-cabinet with a stereoscopic viewer, moving chair, scents, and wind. https://www.vrs.org.uk/virtual-reality/history.html bmwaid
1950s Metaphors/abstractions are used to describe computing tasks (e.g. “files,” programming “language,” “copy” and “paste”). Human computer interaction experts label this as engaging in a “dialogue” between humans and computers. Imaz, Manuel, and David Benyon. Designing with Blends: Conceptual Foundations of Human-Computer Interaction and Software Engineering, MIT Press, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wpi/detail.action?docID=3338668 ciduarte
1950s Dr. Lawrence Jerome Fogel invents the first noise cancelling headphones for helicopter pilots https://www.headphonesty.com/2020/10/history-of-noise-cancelling-headphones/
1951 First known computer-produced music. A Ferranti Mark 1 computer is programmed to beep out "Baa Baa Black Sheep". jdfrench


1951 Ferranti Mark 1 Star - The Ferranti utilized Williams Tubes to display 20-bit words as a single line of dots. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 Wikipedia, Ferranti Mark 1, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferranti_Mark_1 jhyuen


1951 UNIVAC I Console - The UNIVAC I’s display consisted of rows of tiny light bulbs that would blink to communicate to the user. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen
1951 The UNIVAC I becomes the first modern commercial computer to utilize magnetic tape for storing data. The History of Magnetic Tape and Computing: A 65-Year-Old Marriage Continues to Evolve, (Iron Mountain, n.d.), https://www.ironmountain.com/resources/general-articles/t/the-history-of-magnetic-tape-and-computing-a-65-year-old-marriage-continues-to-evolve, Accessed 5 September 2023. hzgandor
1951 First Neural Network Computer, SNARC https://historyof.ai/snarc/ jtreiss
1951 MIT develops the “light gun” (better known as the light pen) mjhagger
1952 Barcode technology is patented. Nayak, Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology and Applications in Fashion and Textile Supply Chain, (CRC press, 2019), p.19-40 jdwalden
1952 AI OXO wins Tic-Tac-Toe http://wpi.aci.info/view/14650deba575c0c0128/152861cf9a90012000a awheeler2
1952 Trackball was invented by Tom Cranston and Fred Longstaff http://www.ieee.ca/millennium/fp6000/fp6000_datar.html ppham
1952 Bell Labs developed a speech recognition machine with the ability to understand spoken number values after being accustomed to an individual's voice with only a 2% failure rate. Gold, Bernard, Nelson Morgan, and Dan Ellis. "Chapter 4: Brief History of Automatic Speech Recognition." Speech and Audio Signal Processing: Processing and Perception of Speech and Music. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. N. pag. Print. leantul
1952 The United States establishes the National Security Agency: the organization which intercepts, decodes, and collects intelligence from foreign transmissions. Prichard, Roger, "History of Encryption", (SANS Institute, 2002), https://www.giac.org/paper/gsec/1555/history-encryption/102877#:~:text=The%20first%20use%20of%20encryption,method%20called%20the%20substitution%20cipher. 9/1/2021 bnsahagian
1952 The first public tornado warning is issued from Tinker AFB in Oklahoma using developed forecasting technology and weather radar technology on base. https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-blogs/weathermatrix/the-inside-story-of-the-first-us-tornado-warning/927905 amrebello
1953 First operational transistorized computer by University of Manchester team lead by Tom Kilburn. http://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/transistorized-computers-emerge/ allewis
1953 UNIVAC division of Remington Rand releases A-2 source code free for modification. They encourage users to send improvements back to them, making A-2 one of the first open source software projects. Dordal, Peter. “Open Source Computing Notes.” Loyola University Chicago, http://pld.cs.luc.edu/courses/412/spr20/mnotes/overview.html (6 September 2020) omthode
1953 Chamberlin is invented by Harry Chamberlin and is considered to be the first sampler instrument using strips of tape, one tape for each separate key. https://www.google.com/patents/US2940351 obspring
1953 General Motors and RCA complete a scale model of an automated highway system in which signals generated by the roads are used to control vehicles. Kopplin, J. (2002). An Illustrated History of Computers. Retrieved September 11, 2020, from http://www.computersciencelab.com/ComputerHistory/HistoryPt2.htm jrtatone
1953 Grace created the first high-level language called COBOL. Driverless Dreams: Technological Narratives and the Shape of the Automated Car. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. Pg. 17 aaadkins 1953 Inge Edler and Carl Hertz in Lund University adapted a metal flaw detector to obtain M-mode recordings from the adult heart. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987368/ Rtong


1954 Solar cells are invented, bringing forth Solar Energy in the electricity market. djlaplante
1954 First pocket radio is invented by Regency wofrick
1954 The first working silicon transistor was developed at Bell Labs Chelikowski, J. (2004) "Introduction: Silicon in all its Forms", p. 1 in Silicon: evolution and future of a technology. tmarwaha
1954 Gordon Teal produces the first silicon transistor at a meeting of the Institute of Radio Engineers in Ohio. adurkee
1954

Morris Tanenbaum develops the first working silicon transistor at Bell Labs.

http://spectrum.ieee.org/biomedical/devices/the-lost-history-of-the-transistor, ajthompson
1954 Dutch scientist Abraham Van Heel and British scientist Harold H. Hopkins separately wrote papers on imaging bundles. https://www.thoughtco.com/birth-of-fiber-optics-4091837 aforozco
1954 The Georgetown-IBM Experiment in New York City showcases a computer translating 49 pre-selected Russian sentences into English, which is the first public demonstration of translation technology. Its success sparks increased machine translation development around the world. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_machine_translation ; Hutchins, W. John, “MACHINE TRANSLATION: A BRIEF HISTORY,” Concise history of the language sciences: from the Sumerians to the cognitivists (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1995), p431-445. mjgulbin, kmpicho
1955 Manganese-alkaline batteries (the common alkaline battery) is invented, lasting far longer and more powerful than carbon-zinc batteries and made affordable by Lewis Urry djlaplante
1955 Robert Everett develops the light pen as part of MIT's Whirlwind project, the predecessor to the mouse. Weisberg, D. (2008). Computer-Aided Design's Strong Roots at MIT. In The Engineering Design Revolution: The People, Companies and Computer Systems That Changed Forever the Practice of Engineering. Englewood, Colorado. tjnickerson
1956 The Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence occurs at Dartmouth College, where John McCarthy coins the term "artificial intelligence". Jordan Novet, What is Artificial Intelligence(CNBC, 2017), Accessed from https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/17/what-is-artificial-intelligence.html on 4/2/2021 eosowski, nelmaliki
1956 Herbert A Simon creates the term Satisficing, a mixture of satisfying and suffice. Herbert A. Simon, Rational Choice and the Structure of the Environment(Sage, 1956), Accessed from https://uk.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/25239_Chater~Vol_1~Ch_03.pdf on 4/2/2021 nelmaliki
1956 Morton Heilig created Sensormara, the first VR machine tfan
1956 Allen Newell, J.C Shaw, and Herbert Simon demonstrated the first running AI program, Logic Theorist https://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Software/LogicTheorist.html rjsthilaire
1956 "Planetbot" one of the first commercial service robots was designed to perform 25 different movements to replicate the functions of a human arm. http://cyberneticzoo.com/early-industrial-robots/1956-planobot-pick-and-place-industrial-robot-joe-b-brown-planet-corp/

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/brief-history-robotics-1950

calobo
1956 Lincoln Labs builds one of the first missile tracking radars, the Millstone Hill UHF radar in Westford, Massachusetts. https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR41533.2019.171388 (last retrieved March 19, 2023) kjlopez
1956 The first adaptive teaching machine: Self-Adaptive Keyboard Instructor (SAKI), is invented by Gordon Park and Robin McKinnon-Wood Michael Horwood (1993) Does interactivity require multimedia? The case of SAKI, ALT-J, 1:1, 65-71, DOI: 10.1080/0968776930010108 elevin
1957 SAGE Console - The SAGE used radar and oscilloscope cathode ray tubes to display vector information as it pertained to radar military applications, representing the first time an electronic screen was connected to a computer. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1, “IBM SAGE” (IBM, January 25, 2011),

https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/sage/ (accessed April 6, 2021)

jhyuen, larathke
1957 John Koss, founder of Koss Corporation, creats the first ever commercial stereo headphones https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/a-partial-history-of-headphones-4693742/ alate
1957 The creation of the light pen allowed users to directly interact with the computer screen. Some Milestones in Computer Input Devices: An Informal Timeline, http://www.billbuxton.com/inputTimeline.html (accessed March 21, 2016). djkiourtsis
1957 Max Matthews writes the MUSIC program at Bell Labs, one of the first pieces of software for music production. Later versions add polyphony and multiple instrument sounds. Numerous derivatives are created over the next decade. jdfrench
1957 While working at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey, Max Mathews produces the world's first computer-generated sounds. rpdabrowski
1957 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) is Founded eapolekoff
1957 First fully functional chess player program written cpnota
1957 The Standard & Poor 500 Index is introduced. Computer technology allows the S & P 500 to calculate and report market levels at one-minute intervals throughout the day. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/crash/2/ tleung
1957 Stylator is invented by Tom L. Dimond. This new tablet input directly to a computer instead of a receiving device. It used handwriting recognition as well. wtao
1957 A blind seven year old boy discovers a perfect whistle pitch that interacts with AT&T's implementation of fully automatic switches, therefore opening up vulnerabilities. http://www.radiolab.org/story/187724-long-distance/ ajmokotoff
1957 The famous 'Villa Arpel" set on "Mon Ocle" shows the first depcition of Home Automation in mass media https://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/book/home-networking-and-security/9781848213210/chapter-1-introduction/sec_1_2_html#X2ludGVybmFsX0h0bWxWaWV3P3htbGlkPTk3ODE4NDgyMTMyMTAlMkZzZWNfMV8yX2h0bWwmcXVlcnk9 dberardi
1957 The Monsanto House of the Future is built in Disney, the first physical conecpt of Home Automation https://www.the-ambient.com/features/visions-through-the-ages-history-of-home-automation-178 dberardi


1957 IBM published FORTRAN Michael Quinn, Ethics for the Information Age, 7th Edition, (Pearson, 2017) icleaverstigum
1957 SAGE Console - The SAGE used radar and oscilloscope cathode ray tubes to display vector information as it pertained to radar military applications. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen


1957 Universal Recording moved to Hollywood in the form of Universal Recording Corp.
1957 Invention of Sensorama, the first attempt at Augmented Reality technology created by Morton Heilig. Interaction Design Foundation, https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/augmented-reality-the-past-the-present-and-the-future mchava
1957 First digital image is captured Masoner, Liz, "A Brief History of Photography and the Camera." (The Spruce Crafts. September 5, 2018) https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/brief-history-of-photography-2688527 kcariglia
1957 PRONTO (Program for Numerical Tooling Operations) by Dr. Patrick J. Hanratty, the first commercial numerical control programming system. https://www.cadazz.com/cad-software-history.htm kwang8
1957 Sputnik 1, launched by the USSR, is the first artificial satellite launched into space Sputnik 1. (2011, October 04). Retrieved September 07, 2020, from https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_924.html jemetcalf
1957 Lejaren Hiller and Leonard Isaacson create the first AI to compose music. It worked by generating random intervals, rhythms, and dynamics and then putting these elements through programmed composition rules. Hiller Lejaren, Electronic music, (Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 Feb. 2018), https://www.britannica.com/art/electronic-music/Computer-music#ref395219 (1 Apr. 2021) jsalbert
1957 Frank Rosenblatt invents the perceptron https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2019/09/professors-perceptron-paved-way-ai-60-years-too-soon jtreiss
1958 Pagers were approved for public use by Federal Communications Commission https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-pagers-and-beepers-1992315 psjain
1958 First integrated circuit created by Jack Kilby, a single transistor ndemarinis
1958 First SAGE system is deployed, featuring a state of the art 19-inch CRT screen which could be interacted with using a light pen. The system is used to track aircraft. http://www.i-programmer.info/history/machines/441-sage.html nadiaz


1958 CREED 75 Teleprinter - Instead of using punch cards like the ENIAC, the CREED used paper tape to code programs and produce output. Since the machine did not require cards, the machine automatically typed output on the paper in a human-readable form. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen
1958 Vertigo is the first movie including computer animation. https://computeranimationhistory-cgi.jimdo.com/ ermahoney
1958 Skinner Teaching Machine was invented by B. F. Skinner. National Museum of American History. “Skinner Teaching Machine.” National Museum of American History, americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_690062. https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_690062 ekim4
1959 Motorola coined the term 'pager' - Motorola starts producing pagers. It combined elements of Motorola’s walkie-talkie and car radio technologies into the first transistorized pager. https://www.silicon.co.uk/mobility/smartphones/tales-tech-history-pager-204285 psjain
1959 AI Lab at MIT is founded (presently called CSAIL) https://www.csail.mit.edu/about mjgiancola
1959 MIT Researcher Douglas T Ross created the term “computer aided design”. https://partsolutions.com/60-years-of-cad-infographic-the-history-of-cad-since-1957/ kwang8
1959 Neurophysicists analyze image recognition in cats https://www.ibm.com/topics/computer-vision jacurtis2
1959 Animator Lee Harrison III recorded an actor’s movements in real time using a bodysuit lined with potentiometers and cathode ray tubes http://www.engadget.com/2018-05-25-motion-capture-history-video-vicon-siren.html kofichtner
1959 John McCarthy introduces a time-sharing system to MIT researchers for an IBM computer. Maurer, T., & Hinck, G. (2020). Cloud Security: A Primer for Policymakers (pp. 10-22, Rep.). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. doi:10.2307/resrep25787.8 acherkinsky
1959 H.R. Gelernter creates the Geometry Theorem Prover https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/concern/theses/ms35tc23x?locale=en jtreiss
1959 US Navy develops TRANSIT, the first navigation system to rely on satellites gpstrackingplans.com/gps-history/ kmdoan
1959 Introduction of AI in Healthcare - Early attempts to apply artificial intelligence in healthcare, including the development of expert systems for medical diagnosis and treatment recommendation. Isaak Kavasidis, Federica Proietto Salanitri, Simone Palazzo, Concetto Spampinato, History of AI in Clinical Medicine, (DOI March 03 2023) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119790686.ch4, (March 18, 2024) ekli
1960s Object-oriented language SIMULA published by ACM 12. Old-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard, SIMULA – an ALGOL-Based Simulation Language, (ACM, 1966), https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/365813.365819 (2 Apr 2020)
1960s - late 1980s "Blueboxing" is used to place long-distance phone calls for free using fake control signals. Dernbach, Cristoph. Blue Box – Why Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak hacked the phone network. (mac-history.net, 02/02/2013). https://www.mac-history.net/apple-people/2013-02-02/blue-box Accessed 09/08/2020 zjester
1960 Ted Nelson began Project Xanadu with the ultimate goal of having a computer network but combining that with an easy user interface. History of Search Engines: From 1945 to Google Today. Search Engine History.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 March 2016. hanguyen
1960 Joe Meek founds RGM Sound Ltd and creates the idea of a “home studio”


1960 US government starts funding research that eventually creates the internet Alex Thompson, A Brief History of Long Distance Communication, https://www.wilsonamplifiers.com/blog/a-brief-history-of-long-distance-communication/ nvanstralen
1960 Morton Heilig developed the first head-mounted display called the Telesphere Mask that provided stereoscopic 3D vision and stereo sound. https://www.vrs.org.uk/virtual-reality/history.html bmwaid


1960 PDP-1 CRT - The PDP-1 also included the Type 30 Precision CRT Display which could show basic images. With use of a connect pen, the user could pick points on the display. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 Wikipedia, PDP-1, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-1 jhyuen
1960 J.C.R. Licklider writes a paper called “Man-Computer Symbiosis” to discuss the issues associated with personal computing devices. Imaz, Manuel, and David Benyon. Designing with Blends: Conceptual Foundations of Human-Computer Interaction and Software Engineering, MIT Press, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wpi/detail.action?docID=3338668 ciduarte
1960's IBM stops production of most punched card machines, and use of the technology drops significantly. IBM, The IBM Punched Card, (IBM 100), https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/punchcard/#:~:text=Punched%20cards%20date%20back%20to,what%20would%20eventually%20become%20IBM (9/3/2023) jdwalden
1960 Punch cards were used for voting and would be collected and read by a card reading system Douglas W. Jones, “A Brief Illustrated History of Voting,” (The University of Iowa, 2003), http://homepage.divms.uiowa.edu/~jones/voting/pictures/, (April 1, 2020) mfrossetti
1960s The United States Navy launched six satellites in an experiment to track submarines using a very basic GPS. NASA, Global Positioning System History, https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/communications/policy/GPS_History.html (March 23, 2017) rmwiesenberg
1960 Punch cards were used for voting and would be collected and read by a card reading system Douglas W. Jones, “A Brief Illustrated History of Voting,” (The University of Iowa, 2003), http://homepage.divms.uiowa.edu/~jones/voting/pictures/, (April 1, 2020) mfrossetti
1960 Ivan Sutherland from MIT invented SKETCHPAD, the first software ever with graphical user interface (GUI) which allows user to draw on a CRT screen with a light pen. https://www.cadazz.com/cad-software-history.htm kwang8
1960 The first successful weather satellite, Tiros-1, is launched by NASA. It transmits infrared images of Earth’s cloud cover and can detect hurricanes Celebrating the World’s First Meteorological Satellite: TIROS-1. (2016, April 01). Retrieved September 07, 2020, from https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/content/celebrating-world’s-first-meteorological-satellite-tiros-1 jemetcalf
1960 Dr. Donald Bitzer invents the Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations (PLATO), the first computer based learning system. D. Bitzer, P. Braunfeld and W. Lichtenberger, "PLATO: An Automatic Teaching Device," in IRE Transactions on Education, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 157-161, Dec. 1961, doi: 10.1109/TE.1961.4322215.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4322215

elevin
1961 Information about high purity Si2 for glass fiber transmission released to encourage companies to go into fiber optics Bellis, Mary. "How Fiber Optics Was Invented." ThoughtCo, Jun. 27, 2021, thoughtco.com/birth-of-fiber-optics-4091837. (September 4, 2023) agjensen
1961 An IBM 704 becomes the first computer to sing. The song is "Daisy Bell", which is famously sung by the computer HAL in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey (in reference to this event). Video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41U78QP8nBk

jdfrench
1961 First Wearable Edward O. Thorp. 1998. The Invention of the First Wearable Computer. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC '98). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, 4-. akshoop
1961 First symbolic integration program SAINT, developed by James Salgle in Lisp, which solved college freshman-level calculus problems. http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/LISP/MIT/MIT-LCS-TR-047-corrected-ocr.pdf allewis
1961 The first motion tracking head-mounted display, the Headsight was developed by Comeau and Bryan of Philco Co. using a magnetic tracking system. https://www.vrs.org.uk/virtual-reality/history.html bmwaid
1961 John MacCharty delivered an MIT speech about how “Computing Can be sold as a Utility, like Water and Electricity” https://www.bcs.org/articles-opinion-and-research/history-of-the-cloud/ agupta9
1961 The ELIZA Chatbot was introduced. ELIZA was the first talking computer program that simulated the work of a psychotherapist. ELIZA could communicate with a human by engaging in text-based conversations with rudimentary responses. Joseph Weizenbaum, ELIZA—A Computer Program For the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man And Machine, (ACM, January 1, 1996), https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/365153.365168 (March 19, 2024) ajli
1961 Douglas Engelbart sketches the first concept for the computer mouse mjhagger


1962 Galls Works in Corning, New York contracts fiber optics, 1,000,000 federal funding in the next decade Bellis, Mary. "How Fiber Optics Was Invented." ThoughtCo, Jun. 27, 2021, thoughtco.com/birth-of-fiber-optics-4091837. (September 4, 2023) agjensen
1962 The first communication satellite, Telstar, is launched into orbit http://www.wirelesshistoryfoundation.org/wireless-history-project/wireless-history-timeline zrrobbins
1962 J.C.R Licklider first proposes a global computer network http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1962 Leonard Kleinrock develops the idea of packet switching http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1962 The first industrial arm robot is introduced. Called the Unimate it is used for dangerous tasks on a General Motors assembly line eosowski
1962 Ivan Sutherkand introduces SketchPad, a line drawing device that utilizes light pens for illustration. Sutherland, I. (1964). Sketch pad a man-machine graphical communication system. Proceedings of the SHARE Design Automation Workshop on - DAC '64, 6.329-6.346. Retrieved September 4, 2015, from ACM. tjnickerson
1962 Mainframe computer game Spacewar! is written at MIT. bli
1962 IBM developed a speech recognition device which was capable of recognizing 16 words, which included numbers less than 10, 4 mathematical operation commands, and the words off and false. "Pioneering Speech Recognition." IBM100 - Icons of Progress. IBM, n.d. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. leantul
1962 Stanford Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL) is founded. http://ai.stanford.edu/ mjgiancola
1962 Meek produces most famous recording “Telstar” by The Tornados Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrEPzsx1gQ


1962 ASR-33 Teletype - While teletypes were used previously for communicating across telegraph lines, they were later hooked up to computers to continuously output a computer session. The low cost of the setup was attractive to many engineers. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen
1962 The Anita MK VII, the first electronic desktop calculator, is developed by Bell Punch Co. in England http://www.vintagecalculators.com/html/calculator_time-line.html pbcoady
1962 The Voltronic ballot tabulator was first used in elections. Douglas W. Jones, “A Brief Illustrated History of Voting,” (The University of Iowa, 2003), http://homepage.divms.uiowa.edu/~jones/voting/pictures/, (April 1, 2020) mfrossetti
1962 Nick Holonyak Jr. developed the first LED Lenz, S. (2017). Nick Holonyak Jr.: The Development of LED Lights. In Hoxie F. (Ed.), The University of Illinois: Engine of Innovation (p. 151). Urbana; Chicago; Springfield: University of Illinois Press. Retrieved November 3, 2020, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/j.ctt1m3217b.35 mchalmers
1963 Phillips releases its compact cassette, a major breakthrough in tape cassettes. It is not the first "tape" based recording device, but it is the best, most compact, and quickly becomes the standard for all tapes/players. rpdabrowski
1963 Mellotron is produced by a new company called Streetly Electronics, a sampler that is mass producible and widely popular. The mellotron used tape to play back samples similarly to the Chamberlin. https://web.archive.org/web/20121105234938/http://www.nordkeyboards.com/main.asp?tm=Sound%20Libraries&cllibr=Nord_Sample_Library&clslib=Mellotron obspring
1963 The RAND Tablet is introduced. It is claimed to be the first digital graphic device that is low cost. wtao
1963 First instance of computers transforming 2d images into 3d forms using computer vision https://www.ibm.com/topics/computer-vision jacurtis2
1963 Ted Nelson coined the term hypertext, which allowed for associations between links to be made (similar to how the human brain works). History of Search Engines: From 1945 to Google Today. Search Engine History.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 March 2016. hanguyen
1963 Sutherland introduces the Sketchpad system. This would mainly be used for drawing. A brief history of human-computer interaction technology. Interactions, 5(2), 44-54.
djkiourtsis
1963 First modular synthesizer developed by R.A. Moog Co. http://moogarchives.com/chrono.htm Visited 08/30/2017 aperucic
1963 Woodrow Wilson Bledsoe publishes "A PROPOSAL FOR A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE FEASIBILITY OF A SIMPLIFIED FACE RECOGNITION MACHINE. https://archive.org/details/firstfacialrecognitionresearch/page/n1 sgubrud
1963 Dr. Who theme song is made by only using raw recordings of real-world sounds and sine and square wave oscillators Retrieved from https://youtu.be/75V4ClJZME4
1964 Paperboy I - First successful consumer pager. It had no display and couldn't store messages but was portable and notified wearer the type of action to take by its tone. https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-pagers-and-beepers-1992315 psjain
1964 Dr. Narinder Singh Kapany patents Fiber Optic Cables Hussein He, The History and Development of Fiber Optic Cables And Future Trends (Hongkai, 2021), https://hk-machinery.cn/the-history-of-the-development-of-fiber-optic-cable-and-future-trends/#:~:text=Fiber%20optic%20cables%20were%20invented%20by%20Dr.%20Narinder,on%20the%20other%20side%2C%20proving%20his%20method%20worked (September 4, 2023) agjensen
1964 Desktop electric calculators raise in popularity. Use thousands of transistors and cost thousands of dollars for companies to purchase. http://www.vintagecalculators.com/html/history_of_electronic_calculat.htm Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1964 The National Academy of Sciences form a committee called ALPAC to research machine translation https://go.smartling.com/blog/a-brief-history-of-machine-translation/ mjgulbin
1964 The IBM 360 becomes the first computer to be mass-produced eosowski
1964 The efficiency of a Packet-Switched network is demonstrated in a study done for the US Air Force. Roberts, Lawrence G. The evolution of packet switching, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1455410 (9/2/2015) svadlamudi
1964 The Talking Typewriter was developed as a tool to help individuals with disabilities and children based on a pre-determined lesson. Sanderson, Barbara A., and Daniel W. Kratochvil. "The Edison Responsive Environment Learning System, or the Talking Typewriter." (1972): 1-34. American Institute for Research in the Behavioral Sciences. Web. 4 Sept. 2015. leantul


1964 UNISCOPE 300 – Glass Teletype - Engineers realized CRT display technology could be fashioned into glass teletypes as it was more efficient than paper, and so the UNISCOPE was made. It was hooked up to computers to display text for user input and output. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen
1964 An public letter to the president titled "The Triple Revolution" provides insight into a future of unlimited production ability in industry manufacturing. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Triple_Revolution calobo
1964 Woody Bledsoe, Helen Chan Wolf and Charles Bisson started working on the first facial recognition software. https://www.nec.co.nz/market-leadership/publications-media/a-brief-history-of-facial-recognition/ gmbuonomano
1964 oseph Weizenbaum created ELIZA, a computer program designed to simulate conversations with a therapist. Corydon Ireland, Alan Turing at 100 (Harvard, 2012), Accessed from https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/09/alan-turing-at-100/ on 4/2/2021 nelmaliki
1964 Robert Moog, an electrical engineer, starts production of the Moog Modular Synthesizer. https://hub.yamaha.com/keyboards/synthesizers/history-of-the-synthesizer-part-1/ accesed on 9/2/22 mhtoryu
1964 Bill English builds Douglas Engelbart’s mouse concept mjhagger
1965 The mouse is developed at Stanford to replace the existing light pens. A brief history of human-computer interaction technology. Interactions, 5(2), 44-54.
djkiourtsis
1965 First plastic fiber optic cable polyethylene Hussein He, The History and Development of Fiber Optic Cables And Future Trends (Hongkai, 2021), https://hk-machinery.cn/the-history-of-the-development-of-fiber-optic-cable-and-future-trends/#:~:text=Fiber%20optic%20cables%20were%20invented%20by%20Dr.%20Narinder,on%20the%20other%20side%2C%20proving%20his%20method%20worked (September 4, 2023) agjensen
1965 IBM makes virtual machine 8. Eric Kohlbrenner, Dana Morris, andd Brett Morris, The History of Virtual Machines, (Dennings Institute) http://denninginstitute.com/itcore/virtualmachine/history.htm (2 Apr 2020) icleaverstigum
1965 E.A. Johnson publishes an article on the design of a capacitive touchscreen. He later published a more complete article with photos two years later in 1967. djbenson
1965 Lawrence Roberts connects a computer in MA to one in CA http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1965 MIT's CTSS, a campus wide network emilymiller
1965 Same computer Messagign system developed at MIT - named MAILBOX w.gomez.r
1965 Moore's Law (# of transistors in an IC double every 2 years) Moore, Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~fussell/courses/cs352h/papers/moore.pdf, Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Moore’s law". Encyclopedia Britannica, 26 Dec. 2019, https://www.britannica.com/technology/Moores-law. Accessed 25 March 2022. xjjackson, facoghlan
1965 The Votomatic voting machine is developed, allowing for quicker, easier voting using punch cards http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/supplies/supplies_5404PH12.html stgoldman


1965 Capacitive touch screen - A cathode-ray-tube monitor with a capacitive touch display was created by Eric Arthur Johnson, an engineer at the Royal Radar establishment to be used for air traffic control systems. Interactive Displays: Natural Human‐Interface Technologies. (n.d.). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi:10.1002/9781118706237 jhyuen
1965 Gordon Moore publishes his famous essay that introduced Moore’s Law. Waldrop, M. Mitchel, The chips are down for Moore’s law, (Nature, 2/9/2016), pp.144–147 maferreira
1965 The Ultimate Display was a concept created by Ivan Sutherland, which introduced the guidelines on how virtual reality could be as realistic as the real world. History of Virtual Reality. (Virtual Reality Society, 2019). https://www.vrs.org.uk/virtual-reality/history.html
1966 The newly formed Intel Corporation began selling a semiconductor chip with 2,000 bits of memory. https://www.dataversity.net/brief-history-data-storage/ nchkhaidze
1966 The first hand-held electric calculator is invented by Texas Instruments, Incorporated. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1966 Electrified foil used at Olympic fencing tournament https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-long-history-behind-fencers-hitdetecting-electrified-gear ggsmith
1966 The Stanform Research Institute creates Shakey, the first mobile robot to know and react to its own actions. eosowski
1966 The ECHO IV, which was never commercially sold, was invented. This device could perform common home actions such as controlling lights and appliances. http://www.iotevolutionworld.com/m2m/articles/376816-history-smart-homes.htm mjmcdonald
1966 The National Traffic and Motor Safety Act was passed, requiring all newly manufactured cars to be equipped with safety standards including seat belts and airbags. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/president-johnson-signs-the-national-traffic-and-motor-vehicle-safety-act (Accessed March 22, 2018) anpennie
1966 The Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee (ALPACA) releases a report stating that machine translation will never feasibly match the performance of human translators, leading to a decline in machine translation development. Hutchins, W. John, “MACHINE TRANSLATION: A BRIEF HISTORY,” Concise history of the language sciences: from the Sumerians to the cognitivists (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1995), p431-445. kmpicho
1967 The floppy disk drive (FDD) was invented at IBM by Alan Shugart. https://computer.howstuffworks.com/floppy-disk-drive1.htm nchkhaidze
1967 Richard Greenblatt writes MacHack, the first program to play chess that can defeat human opponents. eosowski
1967 The Datapoint 3300 terminal is released, using a small CRT display capable of displaying 24-25 lines of text. http://www.hpmuseum.net/display_item.php?hw=94http://www.swtpc.com/mholley/History/TVT_History.htm nadiaz
1967 The ECHO IV was the first smart device which could compute shopping lists, control the home’s temperature and turn appliances on and off http://www.iotevolutionworld.com/m2m/articles/376816-history-smart-homes.htm dberardi
1967 Logo, a educational programming language was developed by the MIT labs to educate elementary school students in learning to write code. https://el.media.mit.edu/logo-foundation/what_is_logo/history.html sli11
1967 Ralph Baer invents the prototype video game system known as “The Brown Box”. history.com Editors, Video Game History (A&E Television Networks, 2019), https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/history-of-video-games (Accessed 9/6/2020) resallie
1967 IBM virtualized operating systems allowing multiple users to timeshare the same resources” – a foundational step towards virtualizing resources https://www.bcs.org/articles-opinion-and-research/history-of-the-cloud/ agupta9
1968 Koss unleashed the first US made electrostatic model , the ESP-6’s https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/culture/a-history-of-headphone-design alate
1968 George H. Heilmeier and his team invent the first Liquid Crystal Displays http://ethw.org/Milestones:Liquid_Crystal_Display_1968 nadiaz
1968 FCC, in the Carterphone case, ruled to allow external devices to be connected to AT&T telephone line network. Paving the way for future network devices. Johnson, Nicholas, Carterphone: My Story, http://ssrn.com.ezproxy.wpi.edu/abstract=2173506 (9/3/2015) svadlamudi
1968 SYSTRAN is founded by Dr. Peter Toma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYSTRAN mjgulbin
1968 Computer Based Head Mounted Display Ivan E. Sutherland. 1968. A head-mounted three dimensional display. In Proceedings of the December 9-11, 1968, fall joint computer conference, part I (AFIPS '68 (Fall, part I)). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 757-764 akshoop
1968 Douglas Engelbart gives "the mother of all demos", introducing the oN-Line System, with components such as a graphic user interface, computer mouse, multi-window display, email, live videoconferencing, and raster-scan video monitor. Engelbart, Douglas. “A research center for augmenting human intellect”, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJDv-zdhzMY (Accessed 3/17/19). tjnickerson, pjjankowski, ciduarte


1968 2001: A Space Odyssey is released. Widely regarded as one of the best science fiction movies of all time. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/oct/21/space-odyssey-kubrick-science-fiction kthooppalvasu
1968 The Sword of Damocles was created by Ivan Sutherland and student Bob Sproull and was the first AR/VR device connected to a computer rather than a camera and produced primitive wireframe objects. https://www.vrs.org.uk/virtual-reality/history.html bmwaid
1968 First ever Augmented Reality technology, a head-mounted display system, developed by Ivan Sutherland at Harvard University. Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2016/10/the-mainstreaming-of-augmented-reality-a-brief-history mchava
1968 The HP9100A, the first programmable scientific calculator, is developed by Hewlett-Packard Otto van Poelje, “The Demise of the Slide Rule” pbcoady
1968 Volkswagen introduces the first consumer automobile with a computer. It uses an electronically controlled fuel injector system, the D-Jetronic. https://www.chipsetc.com/computer-chips-inside-the-car.html efclifford
1968 Radio Corporation of America shows of the first usage of LCD displays Alexander B Magoun, Television: The Life Story of a Technology, (Greenwood Press, 2007), https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=EbHOEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&ots=VGKBnYSbl8&sig=rpRqEEDiBc0YY7l1PdwG6IzVNRU#v=onepage&q&f=false (9/2/2023) rkoffstein
1968 Telefunken released the Rollkugel, the first roller ball mouse mjhagger
1969 ARPANET goes online connecting UCLA, Stanford, UCSB, and UU http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1969 1969 Mansfield Amendment forced military funded research to have direct military applications National Research Council, Funding a Revolution: government Support for Computing Research (National Academies Press, February 11, 1999), Accessed 4/1/2021 from https://web.archive.org/web/20080112001018/http //www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/far/ch9.html#FOOT24 nelmaliki
1969 The internet begins as ARPANET, which is commissioned by the DoD. The first nodes are created at UCLA, SRI, UCSB, and the University of Utah. Hobbes, Hobbes' Abridged Internet Timeline, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mitra/honors/timeline.html(9/3/2015) JRWatson
1969 Victor Scheinman, a mechanical engineering student working in the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Lab creates the Stanford Arm, which is still a standard today eosowski
1969 DHL was founded. tpatikorn
1969 UNIX is created. http://www.computerworld.com/article/2531905/operating-systems/timeline--40-years-of-os-milestones.html rdomanico
1969 University of California in Los Angeles becomes the first connection pointf of ARPANET. Shinder, Debra L., Computer Networking Essentials (Cisco Press, 2001), 3. http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com.ezproxy.wpi.edu/book/networking/1587130386/introduction-to-pc-networking/3?uicode=wpi (9/2/2015) svadlamudi
1969 The first microprocessor for commercial use in a terminal application. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EMkcZ2UPuu95BAHkGAW1YPhDVI2GfyMJh1pEu-wmjy0/edit?usp=sharing nmbargman
1969 MAGI released Syntha Vision, the first commercially available solid modeler program https://partsolutions.com/60-years-of-cad-infographic-the-history-of-cad-since-1957/ kwang8
1969 Department of Defense (DOD) Advanced Research Agency uses a network to connect two computers. They called it ARPANET, which is the first “internet”. Maurer, T., & Hinck, G. (2020). Cloud Security: A Primer for Policymakers (pp. 10-22, Rep.). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. doi:10.2307/resrep25787.8 acherkinsky
1969 VR computer artist Myron Kruegere created interactive artificial environments, where users can communicate with each other virtually. History of Virtual Reality. (Virtual Reality Society, 2019). https://www.vrs.org.uk/virtual-reality/history.html
1969 Ford introduces their first computer controlled anti-skid system. Chips Etc. “Computer Chips Inside Cars.” Vintage Computer Chip Collectibles, Memorabilia & Jewelry, www.chipsetc.com/computer-chips-inside-the-car.html. Accessed 4 Sept. 2023. ankalayjian
1964 - 1971 The Moog Synthesizer becomes the first to ever be mass produced. rpdabrowski
1970 New Orleans International Airport began using metal detectors for security purposes. https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-metal-detector-1992303 cemcdonough


Late 1970s DARPA begins to decrease funding to AI, especially speech recognition http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4475849/ mjgiancola
Around 1970 Moore's law term is coined by Carver Mead https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/m/Moore%2527s_Law.htm rmschade
1970 Alan Kay joins Engelbar to found the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). tjnickerson
1970 NiMH batteries emerge, proving to be powerful batteries with long lifespans and also better for the environment than cadmium-based batteries. djlaplante
1970 The Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) creates the Alto, a personal computing device complete with a bitmapped display, keyboard, and mouse. Xerox also creates Ethernet to network the Alto. Quinn, Michael J. Ethics for the information age. pg. 34-35. Pearson Education Inc., 2015. Print. ciduarte


1970 Lucifer algorithm developed, later evolved into triple-DES (Data Encryption Standard) zhenhe
1970 First guitar amplifiers used solid state transistors instead of vacuum tubes A. Stafford, “History of the Amplifier: Valve vs Solid-State,” ProAudioLand, 03-Jul-2012. [Online]. Available: https://proaudioland.com/news/history-of-the-amp/. [Accessed: 30-Oct-2020]. sparks


1970 Referred to as “the grandfather of automation”, the X10, a device that connected to power lines to control home appliances, was invented. http://mashable.com/2015/01/08/smart-home-tech-ces/#94RaVgOCkkqc mjmcdonald
1970 First publication of Conway's Game of Life, a cellular automata "game" that despite its simplicity proved to be massively powerful and even Turing-complete. https://web.archive.org/web/20090603015231/http://ddi.cs.uni-potsdam.de/HyFISCH/Produzieren/lis_projekt/proj_gamelife/ConwayScientificAmerican.htm crmyers
1970 First use of Structured Query Language (SQL) the base of all RDBMSs Keith D. Foote, A Brief History of Non-Relational Databases Retrieved August 29th 2019 from https://www.dataversity.net/a-brief-history-of-non-relational-databases/ bjaubuchon
1970 Direct recording electronic devices (DREs) were developed to replace lever voting machines with buttons and lights. The DREs would use 35mm film to count votes Charles Stewart III, “Voting Technologies” (Annual Review of Political Science, 2011), https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.12.053007.145205, (April 1, 2020) mfrossetti
1970 The United States Air Force adopts the use of a Systran translation system for Russian-English translations. Hutchins, W. John, “MACHINE TRANSLATION: A BRIEF HISTORY,” Concise history of the language sciences: from the Sumerians to the cognitivists (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1995), p431-445. kmpicho
1970 Edgar F. Codd publishes his paper on relational databases. Edgar F. Codd, A Relational Model of Data Large Shared Data Banks (1970). IBM Research Laboratory. Retrieved September 14, 2023, from https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~david/cs848s14/codd-relational.pdf cemedina
1970 Pascal programming language was published by Niklaus Wirth. Ferguson, A. (2004). A History of Computer Programming Languages. Retrieved September 11, 2020, from https://cs.brown.edu/~adf/programming_languages.html jrtatone
1970 “Something" recorded with Denon equipment as the first digitally-recorded commercial release Barry R. Ashpole, The Dawn of Commercial Digital Recording, (ARSC Journal Volume 39, No. 1., 2008) https://www.aes.org/aeshc/pdf/fine_dawn-of-digital.pdf brdesousa


1970 Twisted-nematic mode discovered for LCDs, opening up a pathway for more realistic displays. Hirohisa Kawamoto, “The History of LCD and its Industry” (IEEE, September 5, 2012) https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6487587 (accessed April 6, 2021) larathke
1971 The first CT scan of a human brain. This opened up a pathway for more medical diagnosis and procedures to be made. Edmund S. Higgins, Fifty Years Ago, the First CT Scan Let Doctors See Inside a Living Skull, (October 1, 2021) https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/fifty-years-ago-the-first-ct-scan-let-doctors-see-inside-a-living-skull-180978792/#:~:text=The%20first%20computed%20tomography%20image,to%20Stockholm%20and%20Buckingham%20Palace. (9/2/2022) cgwelcher
1971 Project Gutenberg, the first digital library, opens for public use. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/29801/29801-pdf.pdf jaturcotte
1971 First blood glucose meter was invented by Anton Hubert Clements. https://beyondtype1.org/the-evolution-of-diabetes-technology/#:~:text=The%20first%20insulin%20pump%2C%20invented,of%20Diabetic%20Ketoacidosis%20(DKA.) tclooney
1971 The National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (N.A.S.D.A.Q.) opens its first day of trading, becoming the world's first electronic stock market. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/crash/2/ tleung
1971 The Advanced Research Projects Agency, also known as ARPA, decided to financially back a five year project to further speech understanding and set the criteria that all machines must be able to understand 1000 chosen words with a maximum failure rate of 10%. Gold, Bernard, Nelson Morgan, and Dan Ellis. "Chapter 4: Brief History of Automatic Speech Recognition." Speech and Audio Signal Processing: Processing and Perception of Speech and Music. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. N. pag. Print. leantul
1971 13 additional organizations are connected to ARPANET. This number begins to rapidly expand. http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1971 The prototype of cloud computing first known as RJE (remote job entry) https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc105 rhuang2
1971 The Intel 4004 processor is created with 2,300 transistors. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EMkcZ2UPuu95BAHkGAW1YPhDVI2GfyMJh1pEu-wmjy0/edit?usp=sharing nmbargman
1971 Invention of the first microprocessor. Debenedictis, Erik P, Sustaining Moore's law with 3D chips, (Computer, 2017), pp.69-73 maferreira


1971 IBM ships the 23 FD “Minnow”, an 8-inch floppy disk, with removable read-only memory. Could store 80 kB, or around 3000 punch cards' worth of data. 1971: Floppy disk loads mainframe computer data, (Computer History Museum, n.d.), https://www.computerhistory.org/storageengine/floppy-disk-loads-mainframe-computer-data/, Accessed 5 September 2023. hzgandor
1971 A.J. Goldstein, L.D. Harmon, and A.B. Lesk expanded the capabilities of facial recognition technology to account for 21 subjective types of facial features. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1450184 gmbuonomano
1971 Chemical structure predicter made, called DENDRAL https://www.britannica.com/technology/DENDRAL jtreiss
1972 The PLATO IV terminal is released, with a novel orange plasma display capable of displaying a 512x512 bitmap. This terminal also had infrared touch screen support. http://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Basis/touch_screen.html nadiaz
1972 University of Illinois students file a patent for optical touchscreens and it is implemented in the Magnavox Plato IV Terminal. This is the first touchscreen used in a classroom. Thousands of them were built for this machine. djbenson
1972 First home video game blammeson

caroberts

1972 The first commercial home console Magnavox Odyssey was created by Ralph Baer ajbuchanan
1972 The "Pulsar Time Computer", the first smartwatch was released. This watch could tell the time and the LED's on it could change brightness based on external lighting. Without factoring for inflation, the watch sold for $2,100. Klint Finley, Tech Time Warp of the Week: The 1972 Digital Watch That Cost More Than a Car, (March 6, 2015), https://www.wired.com/2015/03/tech-time-warp-week-1972-digital-watch-cost-car/ (September 2, 2021) hsahay, deushman
1972 Telnet was published as an RFC http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1972 Several new companies enter the calculator market, rapidly developing electronic calculating technology and prices become affordable to the public. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1972 Ray Tomilson develops system for addressing messages to users in diffrent computers - Emergence of "<a href="mailto:to-user@destination">to-user@destination</a>" syntax w.gomez.r
1972 An early touch screen is developed in the University of Illinois. It allowed users to interact with computers using their hands by using light rays. Some Milestones in Computer Input Devices: An Informal Timeline, http://www.billbuxton.com/inputTimeline.html (accessed March 21, 2016).
djkiourtsis


1972 Plato IV Terminal - Plasma technology was used in the Plato IV as an alternative display technology. It allowed for displays to be lightweight and relatively thin, but the technology never really took off in PCs. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 Wikipedia, PDP-1, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-1. Christoph Dernbach, Apple I,(MacHistory 2012),https://www.mac-history.net/apple-history-2/apple-i/2012-07-08/apple-i accessed on 4/5/2021 jhyuen,

bstaw

1972 Email was invented. Nicholas A. John (2014). File Sharing and the History of Computing: Or, Why File Sharing is Called “File Sharing”, Critical Studies in Media Communication osanderson
1972 Intel introduced the 8008 processor, an industry standard. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EMkcZ2UPuu95BAHkGAW1YPhDVI2GfyMJh1pEu-wmjy0/edit?usp=sharing nmbargman
1972 The HP-35, a pocket electric calculator that contains all the functionality of a slide rule, is released. Earl Swartzlander, “Calculators” (IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 1995) pbcoady
1970s - 1990s Lithium and lithium ion batteries invented, with the extremely energy-dense material lithium and a maliable model, allowing them to be built specific for devices. Very popular for smaller (portable) electronics. djlaplante
1971 Patrick Hanratty founded Manufacturing and Consulting Services (MCS) and developed Automated Drafting and Machining (ADAM) in Fortran. The software is designed to work on every machine and 80% of CAD programs today can be traced back to ADAM. https://www.cadazz.com/cad-software-history.htm kwang8
1971 The first microprocessor was created by Ted Hoff at Intel eosowski
1971 Intel 4004 - first single chip microprocessor dstapply
1972 AD The first digital watch is invented, utilizing electricity to display and calculate time. https://www.pcmag.com/feature/296609/the-digital-watch-a-brief-history Visited: 3/23/2018 lgrande
1972 AD Pong- First hit game by Atari, by Al Alcorn- Coin op. Ray, Michael. Gaming from Atari to Xbox. (Rosen Educational Services, 2012) Visited: 4/3/2020 pmara


1972 Intel releases the Intel 8008

Ceruzzi, Paul E. (May 2003). A History of Modern Computing (2nd ed.). MIT Press. pp. 220221.

ajthompson
1972 Magnavox releases Odyssey, the first home video game console. history.com Editors, Video Game History (A&E Television Networks, 2019), https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/history-of-video-games (Accessed 9/6/2020) resallie
1972 The improvements to lasers in the 1970s allowed for new methods for tracking and RCA developed an “automatic checkout stand.” National Museum of American History, “Cash and Credit Registers,” (Smithsonian Institution, n.d), https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/cash-and-credit-registers (9/1/22). tbgoggin
1973 IBM released the first read/write floppy disk. https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/memory-storage/ cdpomeranz
1973 Second Impact Syndrome discovered where it’s possible to suffer from another concussion whilst already concussed mhsultan
1973 J. J. Vidal conducts initial research into brain-computer communication. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.bb.02.060173.001105 jhsu
1973 Dennis Ritchie develops C programming language. Ferguson, A. (2004). A History of Computer Programming Languages. Retrieved September 11, 2020, from https://cs.brown.edu/~adf/programming_languages.html jrtatone
1973 Federal Aviation Administration required airports to scan passengers with metal detectors. https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-metal-detector-1992303 cemcdonough
1973 First AI Winter, caused by the British Government cutting funding for AI research https://www.actuaries.digital/2018/09/05/history-of-ai-winters/ jtreiss
1973 Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf develop the TCP protocol. They release a paper on TCP in September. Bob Metcalfe begins development on Ethernet at Xerox PARC. Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_70s.html (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1973 FTP was published as an RFC. All other RFCs become available through FTP http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1973 Israel develops the Mastiff UAV and soon after the IIA Scout, the first UAVs meant for data collection http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser


1973 The Xerox Alto features a CRT with a 606x808 pixel display, which was used to show one of the first GUIs.

http://www.digibarn.com/collections/systems/xerox-alto/

nadiaz


1973 First commercial axial computer tomography development http://www.infinityugent.be/research-development/a-history-of-medical-imaging lnguyen3


1973 National Semiconductor releases the IMP-16, 16-bit microprocessor


http://bitsavers.org/pdf/national/imp/4200002B_IMP16_pgmg_Nov73.pdf,

ajthompson
1973 Freddy Robot built by The Assembly Robotics Group at University of Edinburgh, which is capable of using visual perception to autonomously assemble wooden block models. http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/freddy/ allewis
1973 NAVSTAR GPS Joint Program Office (JPO) established by Department of Defense to create GPS for military and civilians gmport
1973 James Lighthill writes a report that downplays the success of AI, leading to a decrease in funding across Europe. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4475849/

Sir James Lighthill, Artificial Intelligence: A general Survey (Cambridge University, July 1972), Accessed 4/1/2021 from http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/inf/literature/reports/lighthill_report/p001.htm

mjgiancola, nelmaliki
1973 Martin Cooper made the first cellphone called the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X

Modification: and performed the first ever phone call.

https://georgiasouthern.libguides.com/c.php?g=612229&p=4545365#:~:text=The%20Motorola%20DynaTAC%208000X,Martin%20Cooper.

Gibson, William. “The First Cell Phone Call Was Made 45 Years Ago.” AARP, 3 Apr. 2018, https://www.aarp.org/politics-society/history/info-2018/first-cell-phone-call.html.

hwang15, wrlewis
1974 Wabbit virus produced; virus replicates and crashes the computer it is on Love, John. A Brief History of Malware — Its Evolution and Impact (lastline.com, 04/05/2018). https://www.lastline.com/blog/history-of-malware-its-evolution-and-impact/ Accessed 09/08/2020 zjester
1974 First insulin pump/continuous glucose monitor called the Biostator was invented https://beyondtype1.org/the-evolution-of-diabetes-technology/#:~:text=The%20first%20insulin%20pump%2C%20invented,of%20Diabetic%20Ketoacidosis%20(DKA.) tclooney
1974 Work on Ethernet is completed at Xerox PARC. ARPANET begins to implement TCP. Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_70s.html (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1974 First 3-D rendering of faces in Fred Parke’s thesis film “Faces (Faces & Body Parts)” http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/design/a16205/these-early-computer-animations-show-how-far-weve-come/ kofichtner
1974 The Silver Arm, which performed small-parts assembly using feedback from touch and pressure centers is created.
1974 The term Data Science is used for the first time by Peter Naur. Longbing Cao, Data science: A comprehensive overview, Article 43 (ACM Computing Surveys, June 2017), 42 pages https://dl-acm-org.ezpxy-web-p-u01.wpi.edu/doi/pdf/10.1145/3076253 armorrison
1974 Transfer Control Protocl (TCP) specifications are published by two DARPA engineers to make packet transfer simpler. Mowery, David C., and Timothy Simcoe, Is the internet a US invention?-an economic and technological history of computer networking, http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.wpi.edu/science/article/pii/S0048733302000690 (9/2/2015) svadlamudi
1974 DARPA cancels 2 million dollar contract when voice controlled piloting software only responds to voice commands in a certain order. Crevier, Daniel (1993), AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial Intelligence, New York, NY: BasicBooks, ISBN 0-465-02997-3 nelmaliki
1974 John Cocke begins work on what becomes the IBM 801, a RISC-style computer IBM, IBM 100 - RISC Architecture, (IBM, 20 July 2011), https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/risc/ (31 August 2023) ehughsbaird
1974 First use of Optical Character Recognition https://www.ibm.com/topics/computer-vision jacurtis2
1974 Congress passed a law to make the national maximum speed limit 55 miles per hour. http://www.ncsl.org/research/transportation/transportation-review-speed-limits.aspx (Accessed March 23, 2018) anpennie
1974 The first ad for a microprocessor based computer. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EMkcZ2UPuu95BAHkGAW1YPhDVI2GfyMJh1pEu-wmjy0/edit?usp=sharing nmbargman
1974 The Universal Product Code was developed by a committee of executives and it was first used on products in June of 1974 at Marsh’s supermarket in Troy, Ohio. National Museum of American History, “Cash and Credit Registers,” (Smithsonian Institution, n.d), https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/cash-and-credit-registers (9/1/22). tbgoggin
1974 Military begins developing NAVSTAR, a GPS system gpstrackingplans.com/gps-history/ kmdoan
January 1975 The Altair 8800 was released and became the first commercially successful personal computer. H. Garland, "Design Innovations in Personal Computers" in Computer, (IEEE, 1977), Pages 24-27. pjjankowski
1975 Electric calculator manufacturers take over the calculator market through the use of mass production. Mechanical calculator sales decline rapidly. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1975 The United States government decided to link the computers at the NORAD headquarters at Cheyenne Mountain using fiber optics to reduce interference. https://www.thoughtco.com/birth-of-fiber-optics-4091837 aforozco
1975 One of the first attempts at creating a Quantum Information Theory http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0034487776900057 hfloreshuerta
1975 Microsoft is founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen http://journal.primedu.uoa.gr/greek/issue_2/pdf/windows.pdf tsdalavi


1975 Arithmetic Coding developed bjsharron
1975 A patent is granted to George Samuel Hurst for developing the first resistive touchscreen. He is widely seen as the inventor of the touchscreen. djbenson
1975 Calculator Wristwatch http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,879586,00.html akshoop
1975 The BitPad that is more similar to modern graphics and drawing tablet is introduced by Summagraphics Corporation. wtao
1975 Bill Gates argues that software is intellectual property. mtmccarthy
1975 Church Committee investigates NSA intrusion on US citizens. Leads to talk of restrictions on NSA surveillance D. Owen, "A review of intelligence oversight failure: NSA programs that affected Americans," Military Intelligence Professional Bulletin, 2012. mttaylor
1975 Steven Sasson of Kodak develops the first working digital camera with a resolution of 0.01mp. https://petapixel.com/2010/08/05/the-worlds-first-digital-camera-by-kodak-and-steve-sasson/ bmheavey
1975 X10 protocol, using a power line as a communication channel, takes Home Automation industry to next level https://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/book/home-networking-and-security/9781848213210/chapter-1-introduction/sec_1_2_html#X2ludGVybmFsX0h0bWxWaWV3P3htbGlkPTk3ODE4NDgyMTMyMTAlMkZzZWNfMV8yX2h0bWwmcXVlcnk9 dberardi
1975 Myron Krueger develops "Videoplace", allowing users to manipulate virtual objects in real time. Interaction Design Foundation, https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/augmented-reality-the-past-the-present-and-the-future mchava
1975 SAFEGUARD, an antiballistic missile defense system for ICBMs, establishes first operational complex in North Dakota. https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR41533.2019.171388 kjlopez
1976 CP/M is created, and becomes a model for DOS variations for approx. 2 decades. http://www.computerworld.com/article/2531905/operating-systems/timeline--40-years-of-os-milestones.html rdomanico
1976 Computer Music Melodian by Harry Mendell is first commercially available digital sampler. obspring
1976 First use of 3-D CGI in a motion picture “Futureworld” rendering a realistic computer model of a human face and hand http://www.filmsite.org/visualeffects.html kofichtner
1976 In 1976, advances in networking were demonstrated by Queen Elizabeth II by sending an email” – demonstrating the melting pot in networking hardware which is essential for the cloud https://www.bcs.org/articles-opinion-and-research/history-of-the-cloud/ agupta9
1976 Apple I and SOL-20 – Composite Video Out - Steve Wozniak (Apple I) and Lee Felsenstein (SOL-20) wanted to hook up their respective computers to inexpensive TV monitors to build cheap terminals. As a result, they created computers with factory video outputs. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen


1976 Bill Gates writes an “Open Letter to Hobbyists” expressing his discontent with the illegal distribution of Microsoft’s Altair BASIC interpreter Quinn, Michael J. Ethics for the Information Age. pg. 20. Pearson Education Inc., 2017. Print. omthode
1976 The Montreal-based TAUM project successfully implements the Météo French-English translation system, which could effectively translate weather reports between the two languages. Hutchins, W. John, “MACHINE TRANSLATION: A BRIEF HISTORY,” Concise history of the language sciences: from the Sumerians to the cognitivists (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1995), p431-445. kmpicho
1976 The Radio Corporation of America(RCA)creates the "Pixie" a controller just for the display 5. Graham Singer, The History of the Modern Graphics Processor, (TechSpot, 21 Nov. 2019), www.techspot.com/article/650-history-of-the-gpu/ (9/09/2020) JDomigneuz
1976 Intel asks William Kahan to begin development on a new Floating-Point standard to use on a coprocessor for the Intel i8086/8 and i432 microprocessors C. Severance, "IEEE 754: An Interview with William Kahan," in Computer, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 114-115, March 1998, September 5th 2021 jdmeza
1976 Jacques J. Vidal coins the term Brain-Computer Interface after providing the first evidence that a brain wave could control an external device. Wolpaw, Jonathan R., et al. "Brain-computer interface technology: a review of the first international meeting." (IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering, 2000), 8:2, 164-173 ngcleary
1976 “"Backward chaining" AI system MYCIN delivers suggested antibiotic treatments for potential bacterial pathogens. The Present Illness Program is introduced to help evaluate edema.” Cedars-Sinai Staff, AI's Ascendance in Medicine: A Timeline, (Cedars-Sinai, Apr 20, 2023) https://www.cedars-sinai.org/discoveries/ai-ascendance-in-medicine.html, (Mar 17 2024) ekli


1977 The first magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used on a live patient. MRI allows us get to get images of internal body structures. Alan Chodos,July, 1977: MRI Uses Fundamental Physics for Clinical Diagnosis (APS NEWS, July 2006), https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200607/history.cfm (9/2/2022) cgwelcher
1977 The first committee meeting for the IEEE 754 working group took place. Companies such as Cray and CDC were completely absent, while IBM was only observing because of their insight on microprocessors coming soon. C. Severance, "IEEE 754: An Interview with William Kahan," in Computer, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 114-115, March 1998 (9/3/21) jdmeza
1977 NSA states that public cryptographic research could be a violation of multiple arms security acts. Bauer, C. P. (2013). Government Control of Cryptologic Research. In Secret history: The story of cryptology (pp. 414-416). New York, NY: CRC Press. etarthur
1977 Data Encryption Standard (DES) is approved for government agency use. This is the first publicly announced encryption method intended for widespread industry use [1,2]. It utilizes a symmetric key and is intended to "protect computer data and to allow for large-scale commercial interoperability"[3]. [1] Peter Loshin et al., “Data Encryption Standard”, (TechTarget, August 2021), [2] https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/Data-Encryption-Standard (September 6, 2021) [3] Chen Lily, Scholl Matthew. “The Cornerstone of Cybersecurity – Cryptographic Standards and a 50-Year Evolution” (NIST, May 26, 2022). https://www.nist.gov/blogs/cybersecurity-insights/cornerstone-cybersecurity-cryptographic-standards-and-50-year-evolution ambornstein, added to by esdunne
1977 The first optical telephone communication system was installed about 1.5 miles under downtown Chicago. https://www.thoughtco.com/birth-of-fiber-optics-4091837 aforozco
1977 The Apple II releases, offering buyers the option to purchase a Sup'r'mod alongside it to use their television as a monitor. http://apple2history.org/history/ah03/ Computer History Museum, The Apple II, (The Computer History Museum, 2021), https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/personal-computers/17/300 accessed on 4/5/2021 nadiaz,

bstaw

1977 Atari VCS released with MOS 6507 microprocessor. Also known as the Atari 2600 computerhistory.org/timeline/graphics-games; Riad Chikhani, The History Of Gaming: An Evolving Community (Tech Crunch, 2015), https://techcrunch.com/2015/10/31/the-history-of-gaming-an-evolving-community/ (Accessed 9/6/2020) sdnorton, modified by resallie
1977 Deep space explorers Voyagers 1 and 2 launch from the Kennedy Space Center esowowski
1977 Sony Walkman: Cassette recorders - The famous walkman developed by Sony sold millions of copies. Become of a huge reduced price, teenagers are open to the world of cassette recorders. This makes cassette recorders very poplular quickly. bangyan
1977 International Computer Chess Association founded cpnota
1977 'Synclavier' is invented and designed to construct every sequence of numbers, every sound, all by itself. It digitally synthesizes sounds from nothing but numbers. rpdabrowski
1977 Emergence of the Sanger DNA sequncing method, which dominated DNA sequence for multiple generations. https://www.intechopen.com/books/next-generation-sequencing-advances-applications-and-challenges/next-generation-sequencing-an-overview-of-the-history-tools-and-omic-applications ddaly
1977 The paper that explains the theory behind the RSA encryption Algorithm is published. This is one of the first asymmetric encryption algorithms. https://people.csail.mit.edu/rivest/Rsapaper.pdf efschwarzrock
1977 BSD is created, and Radio Shack releases its line of affordable home computers. http://www.computerworld.com/article/2531905/operating-systems/timeline--40-years-of-os-milestones.html rdomanico


1977 Apple II - Manufacturers made RF modulators for the Apple II so that it could display on any tv over the air. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen


1977 CATIA (Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application) is released by Dassault Systems. https://partsolutions.com/60-years-of-cad-infographic-the-history-of-cad-since-1957/ kwang8
1977 One of the first Digital Audio Workstations, soundstream, was created. Before then, the standard for recording tracks for release often included using a tape-and-reel machine. https://recordingconnection.com/what-are-digital-audio-workstations-daw/#:~:text=The%20first%20DAWs%20were%20conceived,all%20was%20the%20easy%20part accessed 9/2/22 mhtoryu
1977-8 LZ77/LZ78 Dictionary Compression Algorithms developed bjsharron
1978 The first solar-powered and credit card sized calculators are put on the market such as the Teal Photon. http://www.vintagecalculators.com/html/teal_photon.html Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1978 Marantz builds his "Pianocorder", which records the players notes on a cassette tape so that they may be played back on the same piano. rpdabrowski
1978 Intel 8086, the first x86 processor using ~30k transistors ndemarinis
1978 First GPS Block I satellites were built by Rockwell International and launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base Hegarty, Christopher J.; Chatre, Eric (December 2008). “Evolution of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)” Proceedings of the IEEE. 96 (12): 1902-1917. gmport, ptspillane
1978 The Department of Defense launched a 24 satellite GPS system which was finally completed in 1993. NASA, Global Positioning System History, https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/communications/policy/GPS_History.html (March 23, 2017) rmwiesenberg
1978 RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) algorithm published the first significant public key cryptosystem. It utilizes an asymmetric key. Orman, H. (2015). Encrypted Email The History and Technology of Message Privacy (1st ed. 2015.). Cham: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21344-6. Milanov, Evgeny. “The RSA Algorithm” RSA laboratories (2009). https://pdfdirectory.com/pdf/0702-the-rsa-algorithm.pdf zhenhe, etarthur, added to by esdunne
1978 Apple releases Apple-DOS. This was Apple's first OS. It used a command line interface. aquartulli
1978 Sony engineers create a prototype of the Walkman http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/03/from-walkman-to-ipod-what-music-tech-teaches-us-about-innovation/253158/ wofrick
1978 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. Restricts NSA surveillance capabilities after Church Committee investigation. D. Owen, "A review of intelligence oversight failure: NSA programs that affected Americans," Military Intelligence Professional Bulletin, 2012. mttaylor
1978 Electronic Bulletin Boards (BBS) were invented. Nicholas A. John (2014). File Sharing and the History of Computing: Or, Why File Sharing is Called “File Sharing”, Critical Studies in Media Communication osanderson
1978 Motorola unveiled the MC6845 a video address generator for a personal computer 5. Graham Singer, The History of the Modern Graphics Processor, (TechSpot, 21 Nov. 2019), www.techspot.com/article/650-history-of-the-gpu/ (9/09/2020) JDominguez
1978 Dr. William Dobelle creates the worlds first surgically implanted BCI on a human: an artificial eye. Built from a camera mounted on glasses and connected to the visual cortex via surgically implanted electrodes, this product allowed his patient was about to see despite having gone blind due to blunt force trauma to the head. https://www.wired.com/2002/09/vision/

https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/01/obituaries/dr-william-dobelle-artificial-vision-pioneer-dies-at-62.html

ajlee
1978 The modern computerized anti-lock breaking system (ABS) is introduced. David Burton et. al, Effectiveness of ABS and Vehicle Stability Control Systems, (Royal Automobile Club of Victoria, April 2004), https://exse.eyewated.com/fls/af36ff002e25243c.pdf (Accessed 4/2/21) jpoulos
1978 Acorn Computers is established in Cambridge, England. https://newsroom.arm.com/blog/arm-official-history azingher
1979 McDonnell-Douglas integrates VR for military use (pilot) tfan
1979 The Aspen Movie Map is created by MIT. It allows users to virtually explore the city of Aspen Colorado similarly to Google Street View. “The Aspen Movie Map: Early Interactive Computing and Virtual Reality.” The Aspen Movie Map: Early Interactive Computing and Virtual Reality : History of Information, https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=2027. cjscopetski
1979 Sony releases the Walkman https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/culture/a-history-of-headphone-design alate
1979 Apple sells 10 percent of its stock to Xerox in exchange for information regarding the Xerox PARC Alto. Quinn, Michael J. Ethics for the information age. pg. 34-35. Pearson Education Inc., 2015. Print. ciduarte
1979 Apple begins work on Lisa, the first consumer-based computer with a graphical user interface based around the desktop metaphor. However, the device is slow, overpriced and poorly received. Perkins, R., Keller, D., & Ludolph, F. (1997). Inventing the Lisa user interface. Interactions, 40-53. tjnickerson
1979 Motorola creates the Motorola MC68000, one of the earliest 32-bit microprocessors (though it only used 32-bit registers, all other components were 24-bit or 16-bit), which went on to be used in the Apple Lisa and Macintosh

http://priorartdatabase.com/IPCOM/000059679#

ajthompson
1979 The Stanford Cart, built by Hans Moravec, navigates the Stanford AI Lab through an assortment of chairs to become the first computer-controlled autonomous vehicle.
http://web.stanford.edu/~learnest/cart.htm
allewis
1979 Intel 8088 used in IBM-PC dstapply
1979 Yamaha releases the Casio VL-1, the first commercial digital synthesizer. Vail, Mark (2014) The Synthesizer: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding, Programming, Playing, and Recording the Ultimate Electronic Music Instrument. Oxford University Press. aperucic
1979 Fairlight CMI invented by Peter Fogel and Kim Ryrie is the first commercially available polyphonic digital sampler. obspring
1979 Bjarne Stroustrup begins work on "C with Classes". 2. Stroustrup FAQ: http://www.stroustrup.com/bs_faq.html
1979 The 8008 processor is officially released along with the Motorola 68000 which was a 16/32 bit processor. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EMkcZ2UPuu95BAHkGAW1YPhDVI2GfyMJh1pEu-wmjy0/edit?usp=sharing nmbargman
1979 first announcement of TeX. Richard Furuta, Review of [Donald E. Knuth, New Directions in Typesetting (1979)] (1983) kehrlich
1979 barcode technology adopted for the first time by The Sims Supermarket Nayak, Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology and Applications in Fashion and Textile Supply Chain, (CRC press, 2019), p.19-40 jdwalden
1979 Namco Galaxian arcade system was released and and was able to output RGB colors and let a person have a tilemap background 4. Olena. A Brief History of GPU, (Medium Altumea, 22 Feb. 2018), medium.com/altumea/a-brief-history-of-gpu-47d98d6a0f8a (9/09/2020) JDominguez
1979 First software developed that can read and align DNA sequences Staden R. (1979). A strategy of DNA sequencing employing computer programs. Nucleic acids research, 6(7), 2601–2610. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/6.7.2601. kmvarteresian
1979 The first graphics display processor as a single LSI integrated chip for personal computers, the NEC µPD7220, is released, supporting up to 1024 x 1024 resolution. amcutler
1980's Development of the first LCD televisions Rasen, E. (1985, July). Spin. SPIN Media LLC, 1(3). https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ImJFcBcCvUoC&pg=PA55 mchalmers
1980s Miller Puckett creates Max (later Max/MSP), a visual programming language that allows computers to interact with music devices, like synthesizers. Marshall Heiser, Max/MSP, (Marshall Heiser, 2016), https://marshallheiser.com/apps/maxmsp/ (01 Apr. 2021) jsalbert
1980 The Sony Walkman is released rpdabrowski
1980 Elbert et al demonstrate movement of a computer cursor using slow cortical potentials. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6153348/ jhsu
1980 Microsoft releases MS-DOS. It creates an interface to access a computer's hardware making computers available to a larger audience. aquartulli
1980 IBM rolls out the IBM-3081 Model Mainframe, a commercial computer with two processors https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_PP3081.html#:~:text=The%20IBM%203081%20Processor%20Complex,capacity%20and%20attractive%20physical%20characteristics. essmith
1980 Backpack Computer http://wearcam.org/ieeecomputer/r2025.htm ; Steve Mann. 1997. Smart clothing: wearable multimedia computing and personal imaging to restore the technological balance between people and their environments. In Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Multimedia (MULTIMEDIA '96). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 163-174. akshoop
1980s Motorola added alphanumeric display to pagers with the capability to send and received messages. https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-pagers-and-beepers-1992315 psjain
1980 Pager had 3.2 million users https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-pagers-and-beepers-1992315 psjain
1980 LZW Algorithm developed from LZ78 and became popular in many systems such as modems bjsharron
1980 Self Organizing Map - Kohonen mmohapatra
1980 Neocognitron - Fukushima mmohapatra
1980 Defense Department officially adopts TCP/IP replacing NCP http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1980 FBI investigates a breach of security at the National CSS. http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/11/tech/computer-hacker-essay-414s/ ajmokotoff
1980 “The case for the reduced instruction set computer” is released, introducing the concept of RISC vs CISC architectures David A. Patterson and David R. Ditzel. 1980. The case for the reduced instruction set computer. SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News 8, 6 (October 1980), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1145/641914.641917 ehughsbaird
1980 Yamaha releases the Yamaha GS-1, the first FM digital synthesizer. Roads, Curtis (1996). The computer music tutorial. MIT Press. aperucic


1980 Sharp PC-1211 - The Sharp PC utilized liquid crystal displays also known as LCD because of its lightweight, energy-efficient, thin properties. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen
1980 The IGES format is created to allow users to transfer their 3D design between different CAD platforms. https://partsolutions.com/60-years-of-cad-infographic-the-history-of-cad-since-1957/ kwang8
1980s Introduction of The WELL, GEnie, Listserv, and IRC http://ezproxy.wpi.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/history-social-media-impact-on-business/docview/889143980/se-2?accountid=29120. smani
1980 United American Bank, a community bank led by Thomas Sudman, offered the first home online banking service to customers, allowing them to pay bills online and to check account information. Sparks, E., “9 Young Bankers who changed America,” American Bankers Association. ABA Banking Journal, Vol. 109, No. 4, pp. 22-26, 2017. http://ezproxy.wpi.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.ezpv7-web-p-u01.wpi.edu/scholarly-journals/9-young-bankers-who-changed-america/docview/1915541008/se-2?accountid=29120 czhang10
1980 Professor Edward Fredkin introduced the Fredkin Prize, which included money for three different levels of computer competency at chess https://chessentials.com/history-of-chess-computer-engines/ Accessed 08/30/2023 abeck
1980 Steve Kirsch and Richard F. Lyon both independently invent the optical mouse mjhagger
1981 Sony released the first 3 ½ - inch floppy disk. https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/memory-storage/ cdpomeranz


1981 Citibank, Chase Manhattan, Chemical, and Manufacturers Hanover (four major banks in New York) offered online banking services to test customers’ interest in online banking but was not sold well. Cronin, Mary J, “Banking and Finance on the Internet,” pp. 41-42, 1997. https://books.google.com/books?id=l94FEs-lMu4C&q=pronto+home+banking&pg=PA41#v=onepage&q&f=false czhang10
1981 Danny Hillis designs The Connection Machine, which utilizes parallel computing to bring new power to AI. https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/14719/18524280-MIT.pdf?sequence=2 allewis
1981 Toshiba LMD-649 is created by Kenji Murata which was the first pulse-code modulation digital sampler. http://tokyosky.sub.jp/tokyosky_webmasters_blog/2011/02/f-19823-lmd-649-1982.html obspring
1981 Barcodes adopted by US Department of Defense. Nayak, Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology and Applications in Fashion and Textile Supply Chain, (CRC press, 2019), p.19-40 jdwalden
1981 Ian Murphy, known as Cptain Zap, was the first hacker to be tried and convicted as a felon. He broke into AT&T's computers in 1981 and changed the billing rates. http://hackstory.net/Captain_Zap ajmokotoff
1981 Hacking group "Warelords" is founded. They successfully infilrtrated corporations and institutions such as the White House, Southwestern Bell, and many corporate providers of voice mail systems. http://hacker1malaysia.blogspot.com/ ajmokotoff
1981 The Xerox Star (Xerox 8010 Information System) was released as the first commercially produced computer with a GUI. Smith, David, et al. “Designing the Star User Interface.” Byte Magazine, (UBM Technology Group 1982), Page 242. pjjankowski
1981 UC Berkeley releases RISC-I RISC-V International, History of RISC-V, (RISC-V International, unknown), http://riscv.org/about/history/ (31 August 2023) ehughsbaird
1981 MTV airs playing music videos, introducing a recorded version of a live "show" with music. rpdabrowski
1981 Takeo Kanade builds the direct drive arm, where motors are directly installed into the joints, making it faster and more accurate than previous robotic arms eosowski
1981 The IBM PC is released, along with the introduction of PC-DOS and MS-DOS. It quickly grew to dominate the personal computer market with its open architecture. http://www.computerworld.com/article/2531905/operating-systems/timeline--40-years-of-os-milestones.html, Goth, Greg. “IBM PC Retrospective: There Was Enough Right to Make It Work.” in Computer, (IEEE, 2011), Pages 26–33. rdomanico, pjjankowski
1981 Hideo Kodama publishes first instance of 3D printing-like additive manufacturing https://www.autodesk.com/redshift/history-of-3d-printing/ wgbahm
1981 IBM 5151 MDA and PC - IBM created the IBM PC with a monochrome video display standard (MDA) that was extremely sharp for the times. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen 1981 The BBC Micro is released by Acorn Computing as part of the Computer Literacy Project, containing a precursor to the ARM architecture. https://www.nesta.org.uk/report/the-legacy-of-bbc-micro/ azingher
1981 American Weidner launches the first commercially available translation system designed for microcomputers. Hutchins, W. John, “MACHINE TRANSLATION: A BRIEF HISTORY,” Concise history of the language sciences: from the Sumerians to the cognitivists (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1995), p431-445. kmpicho
1981 The introduction of two new computer softwares, CSNET and BITNET, within the past year helped increase the availability of email. Schaefermeyer, Mark and Edward Sewell, Communicating by Electronic Mail, (The American Behavioral Scientist, 1988), Page 114 sjdaraskevich
1981 Parallel port – wide receptacle with 25 holes in 2 rows, a port on the original IBM PC designed for one-way high speed communication https://www.technologyuk.net/computing/computer-hardware/parallel-port.shtml amishra2
1982 Sony and Philips developed the CD-ROM. https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/memory-storage/, https://koofr.eu/blog/posts/a-brief-history-of-memory-and-storage cdpomeranz, hzgandor
1982 Cell phone purchases surpass one million. Bellis, Mary. “Who Invented the Cell Phone?” ThoughtCo, 13 Jan. 2020, https://www.thoughtco.com/martin-cooper-history-of-cell-phone-1989865. wrlewis
1982 C With Classes renamed C84. Stroustrup FAQ: http://www.stroustrup.com/bs_faq.html
1982 Elk Cloner is the first widespread virus to self-replicate Love, John. A Brief History of Malware — Its Evolution and Impact (lastline.com, 04/05/2018). https://www.lastline.com/blog/history-of-malware-its-evolution-and-impact/ Accessed 09/08/2020 zjester
1982 Albums start to be released on CD rpdabrowski
1982 Nottingham Building Society offered full-scale online banking service “HomeLink” in the UK, partnered with Bank of Scotland and British Telecom's Prestel service. Users could connect to the internet using telephones and TVs to transfer money, pay bills, and arrange loans. Barnaby J. Feder, “British Move Fast in Home Banking,” New York Times, Jan 1984. https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/02/business/british-move-fast-in-home-banking.html czhang10
1982 Adobe in founded, eventually revolutionizing multimedia on the web with Flash. Flash became one of the most popular embedded web technologies however, will need to adapt if it is to stay affluent in the market. acrottier
1982 Seiko TV Watch worn by James Bond hsahay
1982 Casio invents the first calculator watch with notable buttons. https://world.casio.com/corporate/history/chapter02/ ramcgovern
1982 Music CD - Introduced in 1982 but did not become a big hit. It took a decade for CD to take the market of cassettes. Soon in 1990s, CD players become the most popular music recorders. bangyan
1982 The Input Research Group at the University of Toronto develop the first multi touch interface. djbenson
1982 The IBM Talking Terminal was invented and dictated whatever may be presently displayed on the computer screen which was found to be very useful for individuals unable to read the screen on their own. " IBM Hursley brings colour and speech to computing." IBM100 - Icons of Progress. IBM, n.d. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. leantul
1982 First deployment of wide scale wireless analog networks tasellielund
1982 Invention of the Neurocognition, a pattern-recognizing convolutional neural network https://www.ibm.com/topics/computer-vision jacurtis2
1982 The first Ethernet adapter card for the IBM PC released, introducing fast, inexpensive connections that would enable cloud computing. https://gcn.com/articles/2013/05/30/gcn30-timeline-cloud.aspx rhuang2
1982 Hopfield Network - John Hopfield mmohapatra
1982 The Logros Corporation launches a German-English translation system utilizing a direct translation approach. Hutchins, W. John, “MACHINE TRANSLATION: A BRIEF HISTORY,” Concise history of the language sciences: from the Sumerians to the cognitivists (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1995), p431-445. kmpicho
1982 The first wearable wireless EKG heart rate monitor produced by Polar Electro. https://www.outsideonline.com/1998821/heart-rate-monitor ppatel2
1982 Autodesk released AutoCAD as the first 2D CAD software for Personal Computers (PC) instead of mainframe computers or minicomputers. https://partsolutions.com/60-years-of-cad-infographic-the-history-of-cad-since-1957/ kwang8
1982 Creation of Sayre Gloves, the first finger-tracking gloves. History of Virtual Reality. (Virtual Reality Society, 2019). https://www.vrs.org.uk/virtual-reality/history.html
1982 MIDI, short for “musical instrument digital interface,” is first conceptualized as a universal protocol for all electronic instruments, allowing synthesizers from different manufacturers to interface with recording interfaces and each other much more easily. https://www.midi.org/articles/midi-history-chapter-6-midi-is-born-1980-1983 mhtoryu


1983 Transmitting data through Fiber Optic Cables becomes normal and used in numerous companies Hussein He, The History and Development of Fiber Optic Cables And Future Trends (Hongkai, 2021), https://hk-machinery.cn/the-history-of-the-development-of-fiber-optic-cable-and-future-trends/#:~:text=Fiber%20optic%20cables%20were%20invented%20by%20Dr.%20Narinder,on%20the%20other%20side%2C%20proving%20his%20method%20worked (September 4, 2023) agjensen
1983 MIDI was created. It goes on to become the standard for controlling synthesizers and digital keyboards, and later evolves to include many different capabilities concerning digital music. http://www.musicradar.com/news/tech/30-years-of-midi-a-brief-history-568009 jdfrench
1983 Seiko Data-2000 watch/calculator/calendar tracker hsahay
1983 Microsoft announces Microsoft Windows to compete with Apple's GUI efforts. A history of Windows. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2015, from http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history. tjnickerson
1983 Fed up with proprietary printer software (and a larger trend in the software industry), Richard Stallman decides to start the GNU Project to provide an operating system that users are free to study and change Stallman, Richard M. “Free Software: Freedom and Collaboration.” GNU Project. 29 May 2001. https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.txt (6 September 2020) omthode
1983 Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) is established, incorporating a standard for hardware (interfaces etc.) and coded commands that make transferring "digital information between various electronic instruments as well as between instruments and computers" very easy. rpdabrowski
1983 DARPA Miniature GPS Receiver (MGR) program began gmport
1983 1983- ARPANET adopts TCP/IP as standard protocols. ARPANET splits into MILNET, a network for defense R&D and operational groups, and ARPANET, which is now a completely research based network. Desktop workstations with built in IP networking software are created and connected to ARPANET. DNS is developed by Jon Postel and Paul Mockapetris of USC and Craig Partridge of BBN. Barry M. Leiner, et al., A Brief History of the Internet, http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~almeroth/classes/F10.176A/papers/internet-history-09.pdf (9/3/2015) Hobbes, Hobbes' Abridged Internet Timeline, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mitra/honors/timeline.html(9/3/2015) Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_80s.html (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1983 Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is made a requirement for the NSFNET. Leiner, Barry M. et al. A brief history of the internet, http://dl.acm.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1629613&ftid=608056&coll=DL&dl=ACM&CFID=542592391&CFTOKEN=52418481 (9/2/2015) svadlamudi
1983 HP releases HP-150, first touch screen computer Ryan, Bob. "The HP-150: Sensitive to a Personal Touch." Business computer systems 3.6 (1984): 166 ndrewniak
1983 The "414s" break into 60 computer systems at institutions including Los Alamaos National Laboratory and Manhattan's Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. As a result the U.S. House of Representatives held hearings on computer security and passed several laws. http://computersprogramm.blogspot.com/p/computer-hack.html ajmokotoff
1983 Charles Walton is credited with developing RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press_Archive/200209/02-0905E/ zrrobins
1983 Charles Hull invents the first SLA 3D printer https://3dprintingindustry.com/3d-printing-basics-free-beginners-guide/history/ ejbosia


1983 IBM 5153 CGA - The IBM 5153 had a CGA adapter to plug into a composite-video monitor or its associated display that had a special RGB connection unlike other displays at the time. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen


1983 Commodore 1702 - The Commodore allowed for an early S-video connection to produce a high display. During this time, other similar computer monitors were being generated to be hooked up to computer systems. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen
1983 Stuart Card, Thomas Moran, and Allen Newell publish “The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction.” Imaz, Manuel, and David Benyon. Designing with Blends: Conceptual Foundations of Human-Computer Interaction and Software Engineering, MIT Press, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wpi/detail.action?docID=3338668 ciduarte
1983 Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan has the first use of a particle system https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=889049 ermahoney
1983 ACID consistency model used in RDBMSs Keith D. Foote, A Brief History of Non-Relational Databases Retrieved August 29th 2019 from https://www.dataversity.net/a-brief-history-of-non-relational-databases/ bjaubuchon
1983 The Great Video Game Crash of 1983. Nadia Oxford, Ten Facts about the Great Video Game Crash of '83 (IGN, 2012), https://www.ign.com/articles/2011/09/21/ten-facts-about-the-great-video-game-crash-of-83 (Accessed 9/6/2020) resallie
1983 Bjarne Stroustrup wrote C++. Ferguson, A. (2004). A History of Computer Programming Languages. Retrieved September 11, 2020, from https://cs.brown.edu/~adf/programming_languages.html jrtatone
1983 The world got the first portable mobile phone in the shape of the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X https://www.tigermobiles.com/evolution/#zeroPhone hwang15
1983 MIT launches Project Athena, one of the first campus wide distributed computing systems for education. J. M. Arfman and P. Roden, "Project Athena: Supporting distributed computing at MIT," in IBM Systems Journal, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 550-563, 1992, doi: 10.1147/sj.313.0550.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5387431

elevin
1984 C84 renamed as C++ Stroustrup FAQ: http://www.stroustrup.com/bs_faq.html
1984 Bell Labs researcher Bob Boie releases the first multi-touch screen. djbenson


1984 Seiko releases the uc-2000, a watch that can record up to 2000 characters and do calculations https://www.namokimods.com/blogs/namokitimes/seiko-originals-the-uc-2000-a-smartwatch-from-1984 ajbrianti
1984 protocol proposing quantum encryption published zhenhe
1984 Charles Hull patents the first 3D printer technology after Alain Le Mahaute's patent is abandoned https://3dprint.com/65466/reflections-alain-le-mehaute/ wgbahm
1984 The X Window System is developed at MIT. Scheifler, R., & Gettys, J. (1986). The X Window System. TOG ACM Trans. Graph. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 5(2), 79-109. tjnickerson
1984 Apple releases the Macintosh, the first affordable GUI-based personal computer. Quinn, Michael J. Ethics for the information age. pg. 34-35. Pearson Education Inc., 2015. Print. tjnickerson, ciduarte
1984 Apple releases System 1. System 1 no longer had a command line. It used a GUI and introduced the finder and menu bar. aquartulli
1984 DNS begins to be implemented within the internet. Hobbes, Hobbes' Abridged Internet Timeline, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mitra/honors/timeline.html(9/3/2015) Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_80s.html (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1984 The Domain Name Server (DNS) is introduced to translate computer addresses (74.125.224.72) into human readable and recognazible addresses (www.google.com) Mowery, David C., and Timothy Simcoe, Is the internet a US invention?-an economic and technological history of computer networking, http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.wpi.edu/science/article/pii/S0048733302000690 (9/2/2015) svadlamudi
1984 Work starts on ARM1 at Acorn Computers Ben Walshe, A Brief History of ARM, (ARM, 21 April 2015), https://community.arm.com/arm-community-blogs/b/architectures-and-processors-blog/posts/a-brief-history-of-arm-part-1 (31 August 2023) ehughsbaird
1984 Engineers at Sun Microsystems set out to design SPARC, a 32-bit RISC processor IEEE Spectrum, IEEE Spectrum (30 June 2017), https://spectrum.ieee.org/chip-hall-of-fame-sun-microsystems-sparc-processor (3 September 2023) ehughsbaird
1984 MIPS is founded, producing the MIPS RISC architecture John Hennessy, John Moussouris, Edward Stritter, Larry Weber, Michael Malone, MIPS Oral History Panel (Computer History Museum, 18 February 2011), https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102746197 (3 September 2023) ehughsbaird
1984 KoalaPad is produced by Koala Technologies for home computer. It has two extra programmable buttons at the top and also a pressure-sensitive stylus. wtao
1984 The birthing of 3D printing. The first 3D printing patent was filed for stereolithography (SLA) was filed by Charles W. Hull. https://patents.google.com/patent/US4575330A/en japayano, ncmorgan
1984 Wacom launched "WT Series", world's first tablet to use a cordless electronic pen. wtao
1984 Sony releases the Discman D-50, the first portable CD player http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2023689_2023681_2023585,00.html wofrick
1984 Makoto Nagao, a Japanese computer scientist, proposes example-based machine translation, which divides sentences into phrases, allowing more streamlined translation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_machine_translation mjgulbin
1984 Alexey Pajitnov releases Tetris http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2023689_2023681_2023585,00.html caroberts
1984 Motorola DynaTAC developed the first handheld cell phone and started to sell to the public Klemens, G. (2010). The cellphone: the history and technology of the gadget that changed the world. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. yzhou8
1984 Psion released the first PDA (n.d.). In 1984 Psion released the first PDA Organizer II In 1991 - AFE - 7105. Retrieved March 24, 2017, from https://www.coursehero.com/file/puttjo/In-1984-Psion-released-the-first-PDA-Organizer-II-In-1991-followed-by-Psions/ yzhou8
1984 The National Association of Home Builders formed a group to advocate for the inclusion of smart technology in newly built houses. http://mashable.com/2015/01/08/smart-home-tech-ces/#94RaVgOCkkqc mjmcdonald
1984 The National Association of Home Builders officially coins term "Smart House" https://www.raconteur.net/technology/the-evolution-of-the-smart-home dberardi
1984 Steel can commercial including a robot with movements from live detection - first motion mapping of articulated figure https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=889049 ermahoney


1984 University of Wisconsin's Genetic Lab releases software that lets a microcomputer user manipulate DNA, RNA and protein sequences with relative ease. Devereux, J., Haeberli, P., & Smithies, O. (1984). A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucleic acids research, 12(1Part1), 387-395. kmvarteresian
1984 Hitachi releases the ARTC HD63484, the first major CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) graphics processor for computers. It could display up to 4K resolution with 1-bit color, or 1024 x 1024 in 16-bit color. https://www.computer.org/publications/tech-news/chasing-pixels/gpu-history-hitachi-artc-hd63484 amcutler


1985

NEC Multisync is released, the first monitor offering a range of refresh rates, resolutions, and input formats

PC Mag, Aug 1987 pg.45 [accessed via Google Books]

nadiaz
1985 The IEEE 754-1985 Floating-Point standard was officially established. C. Severance, "IEEE 754: An Interview with William Kahan," in Computer, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 114-115, March 1998 (9/3/21) jdmeza
1985

Yoshiro Hatano published research that suggests that everyone should aim for 10,000 steps per day, this promotes the Japanese manpo-kei meaning 10,000 steps meter

Tudor-Locke, C., Hatano, Y., Pangrazi, R. P., & Kang, M. (2008). Revisiting "how many steps are enough?". Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 40(7), S537.

tjaskoviak
1985 The Casio fx-7000G is released, the world's first scientific graphing calculator. http://www.casio-intl.com/asia-mea/en/calc/history/ Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1985 Richard Stallman publishes the GNU Manifesto founds the Free Software Foundation, calling on developers and companies to release their software "free"
1985 Apple releases System 2. System 2 was faster than System 1 and introduced a few user friendly commands. aquartulli
1985 Brothers in Arms by the Dire Straits becomes the first music CD to sell one million copies http://www.wired.com/2009/09/1001first-cd-players/ wofrick
1985 Microsoft releases Windows 1.0. It's the first Windows OS to have a GUI which meant the OS could be learned easily and intuitively. It also allowed users to switch between programs without closing one in order to open another. The OS included many tools that were useful such as Paint and Notepad. aquartulli
1985 Nintendo releases the Nintendo Entertainment System and Super Mario Bros in the United States. The console had an 8-bit system and used interchangeable cartridges for different games history.com Editors, Video Game History (A&E Television Networks, 2019), https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/history-of-video-games (Accessed 9/6/2020) bli, caroberts, resallie, bplima (modified + added source)


1985 U.S. Federal Communications Commission released the ISM band. https://web.archive.org/web/20070928054826/ hfang
1985 Intel 80386 32bit released dstapply


1985 NEC Multisync - Since there were so many different types of display schemes on the market, the Multisync was created to support multiple schemes all in one monitor. Because of Multisync’s versatility, the technology became an industry standard. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen
1985 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) was first widely adopted. Nicholas A. John (2014). File Sharing and the History of Computing: Or, Why File Sharing is Called “File Sharing”, Critical Studies in Media Communication osanderson
1985 Boltzmann Machine - Hinton and Sejnowski mmohapatra
1985 LaTeX Leslie Lamport, My Writings, https://lamport.azurewebsites.net/pubs/pubs.html#latex (Aug 2019) kehrlich


1985 AmsTex finished AMS, amstex – American Mathematical Society plain TEX macros. https://ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/amstex?lang=en (Aug 2019) kehrlich
1985 ATI is formed, which would go on for years creating some of the best graphics cards on the market “The History of Gaming: The Evolution of GPUs.” Shadow, community.shadow.tech/gben/blog/gaming/history-of-gaming-gpus. JDominguez
1985 The First Commercial MMO, Island of Kesmai, is released to the public Justin Olivetti, The Game Archaeologist: The Island of Kesmai, (Massively Overpowered, September 17, 2016) , https://massivelyop.com/2016/09/17/the-game-archaeologist-the-island-of-kesmai/ (September 9, 2023) cmfrench
1986 William Kahan receives the Turing Award for his work on floating-point analysis and the IEEE 754 standard. T. Haigh, “William (“Velvel”) Morton Kahan”, Association for Computing Machinery http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kahan_1023746.cfm (9/7/21) jdmeza
1986 Furness develops VR flight simulation tfan
1986 The Alvi brothers create Brain, the first computer virus. askittur
1986 Apple releases System 3. It uses a hierarchical file system. aquartulli
1986 Honda begins a robot research program that starts with the premise that a robot "should coexist and cooperate with human beings, by doing what a person cannot do and by cultivating a new dimension in mobility to ultimately benefit society. eosowski
1986 First graphical point of sale system was done on the Atari 520ST with a color touch screen. djbenson
1986 Brain Boot Sector virus first infects MS-DOS systems Love, John. A Brief History of Malware — Its Evolution and Impact (lastline.com, 04/05/2018). https://www.lastline.com/blog/history-of-malware-its-evolution-and-impact/ Accessed 09/08/2020 zjester
1986 PC-Write Trojan is released, early trojan that erases files on system Love, John. A Brief History of Malware — Its Evolution and Impact (lastline.com, 04/05/2018). https://www.lastline.com/blog/history-of-malware-its-evolution-and-impact/ Accessed 09/08/2020 zjester
1986 First shirt that functioned to monitor the heart rate, temperature, and respiration of the user. http://www.smartshirt.gatech.edu/ ppatel2
1986 Atari 5C1224 - Utilized monochrome and RBG monitors to enhance the display experience. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen


1986 OS/2 is released, and is designed to work with Intel's 80286 and 80386 microprocessors. When IBM and Microsoft's agreement falls apart, OS/2 becomes an IBM product while Windows names its graphical OS Windows NT. http://www.computerworld.com/article/2531905/operating-systems/timeline--40-years-of-os-milestones.html rdomanico
1986 National Science Foundation funds a 56Kbps cross-country network backbones http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1986 After more break-ins to government and corporate computers, Congress passes the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, which makes it a crime to hack into a computer system. https://faculty.ist.psu.edu/bagby/43205S/T6/portalprojectfinishedversion.htm ajmokotoff
1986 DARPA funded databases to be created to help store words, and sentences to be used to help assist in analyzing the performance of new technologies in speech recognition. Gold, Bernard, Nelson Morgan, and Dan Ellis. "Chapter 4: Brief History of Automatic Speech Recognition." Speech and Audio Signal Processing: Processing and Perception of Speech and Music. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. N. pag. Print. leantul
1986 US and Israel work together to create the RQ2 Pioneer based on the Mastiff and IIA Scout. Soon afterwards, Abraham Kareium, a Israel Engineering living in the United States, creates the NAT 750, the predecessor to the Predator. http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
1986 QVC, a channel dedicated to showing advertisements, is created. 4. Unknown, History of QVC Inc. – FundingUniverse, www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/qvc-inc-history/, 8/31/2018 jbbieber
1986 Young Sherlock Holmes is the first instance of CGI used for live action. Howard the Duck is the first movie to use digital wire removal. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=889049 ermahoney
1986 Multiplayer Perceptron Rumelhart, Hinton, and Williams introduce mmohapatra
1986 Restricted Boltzmann Smolensky mmohapatra
1986 RNNs Jordan mmohapatra
1986 Carnegie Mellon University's "Navlab 1" becomes first computerized self-driving, autonomous car. Chips Etc. “Computer Chips Inside Cars.” Vintage Computer Chip Collectibles, Memorabilia & Jewelry, www.chipsetc.com/computer-chips-inside-the-car.html. Accessed 4 Sept. 2023. ankalayjian
1986 “University of Massachusetts releases DXplain, using inputted symptoms to generate diagnoses for 500 diseases—now expanded to more than 2,600 conditions.” Cedars-Sinai Staff, AI's Ascendance in Medicine: A Timeline, (Cedars-Sinai, Apr 20, 2023) https://www.cedars-sinai.org/discoveries/ai-ascendance-in-medicine.html, (Mar 17 2024) ekli
1986 The introduction of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks enhanced the ability of AI systems to process sequential data, such as speech recognition and machine translation. Pat Lawlor, Jerry Chang, The rise of generative AI: A timeline of breakthrough innovations , (Qualcomm, Feb 12, 2024) https://www.qualcomm.com/news/onq/2024/02/the-rise-of-generative-ai-timeline-of-breakthrough-innovations(March 18, 2024) ajli
1987 Eastgate Systems publishes the first hypertext fiction work, “Afternoon” by Michael Joyce, on a floppy disk. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2002/jan/03/ebooks.technology jaturcotte
1987 The Sphinx-I released as one of the early commercial speech recognition systems, allowing users to give voice commands to computers. A historical perspective of speech recognition. Communications of the ACM, 57(1), 94-103.

djkiourtsis
1987 E-mu SP-1200 percussion sampler by E-mu Systems, Inc is the first prominently used sampler in hip-hop and other popular music. Some notable users are Beastie Boys, Daft Punk, DJ Qbert, Dr. Dre, Ice-T, J Dilla, The Prodigy, MF DOOM, Q-Tip, and RZA. obspring
1987 Acorn Archimedes is released, the first RISC-based home computer Ben Walshe, A Brief History of ARM, (ARM, 21 April 2015), https://community.arm.com/arm-community-blogs/b/architectures-and-processors-blog/posts/a-b ehughsbaird
1987 Digital Hearing Aids http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4111501/ akshoop
1987 The HP-28C is released, the first calculator able to solve symbolic computations. http://www.hpmuseum.org/hp28c.htm Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1987 First Megapixel Sensor - Kodak develops the first sensor to record digital images, signifying the digital transformation away from film. From this point, the digital camera makes gradual improvements in sensor size and memory capacity to become what a modern camera would be considered today. tjstone
1987 Floppy disk storage for stenographs scbarry
1987 Apple releases System 4. System 4 fixed bugs that System 3 had. aquartulli
1987 ATI EGA 800 is released with 16-color 800x600 support. techspot.com/article/650-history-of-the-gpu/ sdnorton
1987 Microsoft releases Windows 2.0. Windows 2.0 was the first OS to use desktop icons and allowed windows to overlap. aquartulli


1987 IBM 8513 VGA - IBM created the VGA video standard with its release of the PS/2 computer line. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen


1987 Macintosh II - The Mac II supported both color video and external monitors whose video standard resembled VGA. Apple-made monitors were known for their sharpness and color representation. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen
1987 Parametric Technology Corp (PTC) released Pro/Engineer as the first CAD software entirely based on solid models, history-based features and geometric constraints. It is also written in UNIX’s X-Windows to provide fast performance and friendly user interfaces. https://partsolutions.com/60-years-of-cad-infographic-the-history-of-cad-since-1957/ kwang8
1987 The first novel OLED display is constructed Tang, C. W.; Vanslyke, S. A. (1987). "Organic electroluminescent diodes". Applied Physics Letters. 51 (12): 913. doi:10.1063/1.98799. mchalmers
1987 Soundstream develops a digital audio recorder called the Digital Editing System. This could be considered the first DAW, or digital audio workstation, which is a software used for producing and editing music and sound. MusicProductionKnowledge, History of the DAW, (MusicProductionKnowledge, 04 Nov. 2020), https://musicproductionknowledge.com/software/digital-audio-workstation/the-digital-audio-workstation (01 Apr. 2021) jsalbert
1987 PS/2 port created by IBM for keyboard and mouse connections, had 6 pins and were color coded https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/ps2-port#:~:text=Introduced%20on%20IBM%27s%20PS%2F2,made%20a%20comeback%20for%20gamers. amishra2
1988 DARPA's GPS Guidance Package (GGP) program began to prevent jamming the satellites gmport
1988 Electrified Saber used at Olympic fencing tournament https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-long-history-behind-fencers-hitdetecting-electrified-gear ggsmith
1988 MPC60 produced by Akai is one of the most influential early samplers created for modern day music. obspring
1988 Computer translation on stenographs scbarry
1988 SLS 3D printing patented by Carl Deckard and FDM printing patented by Scott Crump https://www.sculpteo.com/blog/2016/12/14/the-history-of-3d-printing-3d-printing-technologies-from-the-80s-to-today/ wgbahm
1988 Apple releases System 6. System 6 allowed the user to launch multiple applications and change between them. aquartulli
1988 Judea Pearl coins the term "Bayesian Networks" https://www.cs.ubc.ca/~murphyk/Teaching/CS532c_Fall04/Papers/hbtnn-bn.pdf jtreiss
1988 California's EPA Air Quality Board mandates On-board diagnostics in cars (OBD I On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Regulations and requirements: Questions and Answers (EPA and National Service Center for Environmental Publications, December 2003) edavis
1988 Lift off strategy is introduced to increase accuracy and precision by the Computer Interaction Lab at the University of Maryland. djbenson
1988 First National Bank of Chicago is the victim of a $70-million computer theft http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1988-05-19/news/8803180387_1_chase-manhattan-bank-wire-transfers-sources ajmokotoff
1988 Willow is the first movie to use morphing. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=889049 ermahoney
1988 The METAL system for German-English translation, developed by the University of Texas and the Germany-based Siemens company, is released commercially. Hutchins, W. John, “MACHINE TRANSLATION: A BRIEF HISTORY,” Concise history of the language sciences: from the Sumerians to the cognitivists (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1995), p431-445. kmpicho
1988 Boeing announced that CATIA would be used to design and draft the new 777 aircraft. https://www.scan2cad.com/cad/cad-evolved-since-1982/ kwang8
1988 Phil Farrand creates Finale, a widely-used music notation software. It allows users to write, edit, and play back sheet music on a computer. Music Printing History, Finale, (Music Printing History), https://musicprintinghistory.org/finale/ (01 Apr. 2021) jsalbert


1988 L. Sirovich and M. Kirby begin to use linear algebra to analyze the human face and its features, ie. facial recognition. https://www.face-rec.org/interesting-papers/General/ld.pdf gmbuonomano
1988 Farwell and Donchin propose a BCI for spelling words based on brain signals relating to specific letters displayed on a computer screen. Fabien Lotte, Chang S. Nam, Anton Nijholt, Introduction: Evolution of Brain-Computer Interfaces (Taylor & Francis CRC Press, 2018)1-11 ngcleary
1989 Scott Foster develops training simulator for astronauts tfan
1989 First successful handheld game system blammeson
1989 Private Eye: The first head-mounted display https://www.microfocus.com/en-us/solutions/mainframe-market-space/ pmahurkar


1989 A walking robot named Genghis is unveiled by the Mobile Robots Group at MIT eosowski
1989 Dr. Amar Bose created the first pair of noise cancelling headphones we know today https://www.headphonesty.com/2020/10/history-of-noise-cancelling-headphones/, https://www.engineersgarage.com/invention-story-noise-cancelling-headphones/
1989 CERN scientist Tim Berners-Lee comes up with the concept for the World Wide Web in order to create a standardized way for computers to communicate across networks. Tim Berners-Lee, Information Management: A Proposal, http://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html (9/3/2015) Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_80s.html (9/3/2015) Pew Research Center, World Wide Web Timeline, http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/03/11/world-wide-web-timeline/ (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1989 MP3 first patented bjsharron
1989 Robert Morris created the first computer worm. The virus was extremely effective and quickly took down most of the internet. This stack is considered the first DoS (denial of service) attack. Laid the groundwork for the cyber security industry. Led to the establishment of CERTs (Computer Emergency Response Teams). http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/opinions/the-history-of-cybersecurity/ ajmokotoff
1989 NeXT launches NeXTSTEP, a graphical operating system that is eventually incorporated into Apple's Cocoa framework, and thus present-day OS X. Linzmayer, O. (1999). Apple confidential the real story of Apple Computer, Inc. San Francisco, Calif.: No Starch Press. tjnickerson
1989 Peter Deutsch and Alan Emtage create an archiver for FTP sites http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1989 First proposal for the World Wide Web created and circulated at CERN http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/History.html pmcraft
1989 operational Block II satellites launched by United States gmport
1989 First workshop on Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) which had themes like data mining and data-driven discovery Longbing Cao, Data science: A comprehensive overview, Article 43 (ACM Computing Surveys, June 2017), 42 pages https://dl-acm-org.ezpxy-web-p-u01.wpi.edu/doi/pdf/10.1145/3076253 armorrison
1989 A patent for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM Printing) was filed under S. Scott Crump, at which point Stratysis, one of the first 3D printing companies, was founded. https://patents.google.com/patent/US5121329A/en ncmorgan
1989 A croup around Yann LeCunn successfully applies a back-propagation algorithm to a multilayer neural network, recognising handwritten ZIP codes mmohapatra
1989 Nintendo’s Game Boy popularizes handheld gaming. The handheld console has an 8-bit system, uses handheld cartridges, and requires AA batteries. Following the console’s release, variations of the console released like the Game Boy Pocket and the Game Boy Light. https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/history-of-video-games bplima
1989 Dr. Andy Hildebrand founds Antares Audio Technologies and releases the pitch-correction software Auto-Tune. Roxy Flo, The History of Auto-Tune, (Clear Lake Recording Studios, 19 Nov. 2019), https://www.clearlakerecordingstudios.com/2019/11/19/the-history-of-auto-tune/ (01 Apr. 2021) jsalbert
1990-Present (2017) AI begins to receive increased funding (DARPA, NSF, IBM) and notoriety. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4475849/ & https://ieet.org/index.php/IEET2/more/faggella20150827?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%2525253A+EthicalTechnology+Ethical+Technology#When:16:15:00Z mjgiancola
~1990-Present Ad Servers allow entire corporations to exist solely on advertisement revenue. Liz Froment, The Rise of Clickbait (and the Psychology Behind it), www.zembula.com/blog/rise-clickbait-psychology-behind/, 8/31/2018 jbbieber
1990 NeXT develops a prototype for the WWW http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/History.html pmcraft
1990 Microsoft ships Windows 3.0, the first multiwindowed Windows operating system. A history of Windows. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2015, from http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history. tjnickerson
1990 Microsoft releases Windows 3.0. It's the first Microsoft OS to use virtual memory, giving it a substantial performance increase. It used 16 colors. Quinn, Michael J. Ethics for the information age. pg. 34-35. Pearson Education Inc., 2015. Print. aquartulli, ciduarte
1990 The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) was the successor to the NES and had improved hardware, including a 16-bit system. https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/history-of-video-games bplima
1990 22 million pagers in use https://www.silicon.co.uk/mobility/smartphones/tales-tech-history-pager-204285 psjain
1990 ARM founded, a joint venture between Acorn Computers and Apple Ben Walshe, A Brief History of ARM, (ARM, 21 April 2015), https://community.arm.com/arm-community-blogs/b/architectures-and-processors-blog/posts/a-b ehughsbaird
1990 ARPANET is shut down. Tim Berners-Lee develops the first web server. He also develops the first web browser, WorldWideWeb. The first search tool, ARCHIE, is created by Alan Emtage. The first commercial internet provider, The World, offers dial-up Internet access to the general public. Hobbes, Hobbes' Abridged Internet Timeline, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mitra/honors/timeline.html(9/3/2015) Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_80s.html (9/3/2015) Pew Research Center, World Wide Web Timeline, http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/03/11/world-wide-web-timeline/ (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1990 Archie was the first search engine created. Alan Emtage created Archie and it originally only had a specific filename database that could be searched. History of Search Engines: From 1945 to Google Today. Search Engine History.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 March 2016. hanguyen
1990 ZIP file format created bjsharron
1990 The Computer Misuse Act 1990 is passed in the United Kingdom, criminalizing any unauthorized access to computer systems http://searchsecurity.techtarget.co.uk/definition/Computer-Misuse-Act-1990 ajmokotoff
1990 Dragon Systems creation, Dragon Dictate, was the first large-vocabulary speech-to-text system for general-purpose dictation". Thompson, Terry. "Tech Tips: Are You Talking To Your Computer Again?"DO-IT. University of Washington, n.d. Web. 4 Sept. 2015. leantul
1990 Early books published on VR impact blammeson
1990 Military contractor General Atomic purchases the design of the NAT 750 http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
1990 The Logitech Fotoman, the first consumer digital camera is released in the US http://www.popphoto.com/gear/2013/10/30-most-important-digital-cameras#page-4 bmheavey


1990 Altima NSX - Previously LCD screens were low-contrast monochrome and had slow refresh rates, but by the 1980s and 1990s, LCD technology gained better contrast, color abilities, and with backlights. Altima incorporated the new technology in the Altima NSX. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 jhyuen
1990 LeNet LeCun mmohapatra
1990 Thomas P. Caudell of Boeing contrives the term "Augmented Reality". Interaction Design Foundation, https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/augmented-reality-the-past-the-present-and-the-future mchava
1990 Second edition of Joy of TeX published M. D. SPIVAK, Ph.D. (Psudoname), The Joy of tex. kehrlich
1990 Junghans created the first radio-controlled wristwatch. https://www.junghans.de/en/junghans-collection/watches/performance/detail.html ramcgovern
1990s Social Networking platforms created were Six Degrees, BlackPlanet, Asian Avenue, and MoveOn. http://ezproxy.wpi.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/history-social-media-impact-on-business/docview/889143980/se-2?accountid=29120. smani
1990 Upmarket machines introduced microcontrollers. These provided better timing than machine timers, and made washing machines cheaper “Evolution of Washing Machines Timeline.” Timetoast, November 15, 1851. https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/evolution-of-washing-machines. amkwan
1991 The first commercial flash-based SSD was shipped by SunDisk. https://www.computerhistory.org/storageengine/solid-state-drive-module-demonstrated/ nchkhaidze
1991 The Dynamic Analysis and Replanning Tool(DART)single handedly justifies 30 years of AI research funding for the US government. Antonio M Lopez et al, Machines,the Military, and Strategic Thought(Military Review, 2004), accessed from https://web.archive.org/web/20070612064519/http://usacac.leavenworth.army.mil/cac/milreview/download/English/SepOct04/lopez.pdf on 4/2/2021 nelmaliki
1991 Antonio Medina designs VR system to drive Mars robot rovers tfan
1991 Virtuality designs VR arcade machines tfan
1991 Matthew Turk and Alex Pentland publish a paper detailing a "a working, near-real-time face recognition system which tracks a subject's head and then recognizes the person" https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~mturk/Papers/mturk-CVPR91.pdf sgubrud
1991 WaveLan was invented, which was considered to be the precursor to 802.11ac https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi#cite_note-3 hfang
1991 Sun Systems releases a prototype Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) with inertial scrolling. djbenson
1991 Michelangelo virus erases all files on infected systems, spreads to about 10000 computers Love, John. A Brief History of Malware — Its Evolution and Impact (lastline.com, 04/05/2018). https://www.lastline.com/blog/history-of-malware-its-evolution-and-impact/ Accessed 09/08/2020 zjester


1991 Apple releases System 7. This OS introduced shortcuts, network sharing capabilities, and numerous user friendly features. It also used virtual memory which sped up performance. aquartulli
1991 First quantum encryption system developed by Artur Ekert using quantum entanglement to distribute keys. https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/research/projects/origin-and-development-quantum-cryptography zhenhe, rcsawka
1991 Time Berners-Lee creates the first website http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/History.html pmcraft
1991 First user friendly interface for the internet is created at University of Minnesota http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1991 The first webcam is created and connected to the World Wide Web. NSF lifts all restrictions on commercial use of the internet. Pew Research Center, World Wide Web Timeline, http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/03/11/world-wide-web-timeline/ (9/3/2015) Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_90s.html (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1991 First interactive whiteboard, SMART Board, is created Springgay, Jessica. “What Is the History of the SMART Board?” Techwalla, http://www.techwalla.com/articles/what-is-the-history-of-the-smart-board ndrewniak
1991 Linux, an open source OS kernel based on Unix is released. Linux incorporates GNU software and later becomes known as an array of open source operating systems, or Linux distributions. http://www.computerworld.com/article/2531905/operating-systems/timeline--40-years-of-os-milestones.html rdomanico
1991 Work on Java begins Oracle, The History of Java Technology, (Oracle, 2019), https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/overview/javahistory-index-198355.html (1 Apr 2020) icleaverstigum
1991 Python is released https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/history-of-python/ armorrison
1991 Cold War ends. Erin Blakemore, What was the Cold War?, (National Geographic, 2019), https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ (2 Apr 2020) icleaverstigum
1991 Virtuality, the first arcade VR machines, were released https://virtualspeech.com/blog/history-of-vr ejwerlinich
1991 Veronica was a user interface created in a similar vein as Archie but used text files. Jughead followed and was used for the same purpose to search files sent using Gopher index systems. History of Search Engines: From 1945 to Google Today. Search Engine History.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 March 2016. hanguyen
1991 Kodak introduces the DCS, a kit for modifying a Single Lens Reflex camera (SLR) into a digital camera (DSLR) http://www.popphoto.com/gear/2013/10/30-most-important-digital-cameras#page-4 bmheavey
1991 Stuart Haber and Scott Startnetta work on the first Blockchain https://101blockchains.com/history-of-blockchain-timeline/#prettyPhoto/0/ ieroshenko
1991 Apple releases its first laptop, the powerbook 100 Christoph Dernbach, Powerbook 100(1991), (Mac History, 2009), https://www.mac-history.net/apple-history-2/powerbook/2008-01-16/powerbook-100-1991 accessed 4/5/2021 bstaw
1991 Phil Zimmerman wrote PGP one, an encryption system that allowed people to have two keys: one given to others and one secret key. A message encrypted with one

key could only be decoded with the other key. This system was created because of Bill 266 which would force all encryption systems to have trap doors where the US government could intercept the communications within the systems.

Prichard, Roger, "History of Encryption", (SANS Institute, 2002), https://www.giac.org/paper/gsec/1555/history-encryption/102877#:~:text=The%20first%20use%20of%20encryption,method%20called%20the%20substitution%20cipher. 9/1/2021 bnsahagian
1991 At MIT, Matthew A. Turk and Alex P. Pentland figure out how to detect and track faces in an image and combine that breakthrough with facial recognition. http://www.mit.edu/~9.54/fall14/Classes/class10/Turk%20Pentland%20Eigenfaces.pdf gmbuonomano
1991 Logitech releases the Logitech Mouseman Cordless, the first commercially available wireless mouse. njsadlier
1991 GSM first launched in Europe with the Orbitel TPU 900 first to market. https://www.tigermobiles.com/evolution/#zeroPhone hwang15
1991 Yuki Naka creates the first video game emulator that allows the Sega Genesis to play a small selection of NES games. Many other independent developers also begin to experiment and develop emulators for video games. BasuMallick, Chiradeep. “What Are Emulators? Working, Types, & Examples- Spiceworks.” Spiceworks, 18 Jan. 2023, www.spiceworks.com/tech/devops/articles/what-are-emulators/#_001. Accessed 3 Sept. 2023.

Thebeau, Jake. “The History of Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) Emulation.” History Computer, 28 July 2023, https://history-computer.com/the-history-of-nintendo-entertainment-system-nes-emulation/. Accessed 3 Sept. 2023.

nkwong
1991-2 JPEG created by its namesake, the Joint Photographic Expert Group allowing for adjustable compression of images bjsharron
1991 EKKO, The first fully featured LMS to utilize the world wide web is released by the Norwegian Knowledge Institute Paulsen, M. F. (2023). Thirteen technologies that transformed education. Socialinis ugdymas/Social Education, 60(2), 112-132.

https://ejournals.vdu.lt/index.php/socialinisugdymas/article/download/5473/3130

elevin
1992 MPEG Audio Layer 3 (MP3) is standardized, making it simpler for all groups to digitally encode and use music.
1992 The first widely popular internet browser, Mosaic is developed by NCSA in the University of Illinois. Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_90s.html (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1992 World Wide Web comes online, eventually hosting music of all kinds among other things.
1992 First SLA 3D printer created by Charles Hull’s 3D Systems https://www.sculpteo.com/blog/2016/12/14/the-history-of-3d-printing-3d-printing-technologies-from-the-80s-to-today/ wgbahm
1992 Building Parts layer by layer japayano
1992 GSM networks begin deployment tasellielund
1992 Stenograph onboard screen scbarry
1992 First commercial video streaming product, StarWorks, developed egouveia
1992 Over 10 million cell phone users http://www.wirelesshistoryfoundation.org/wireless-history-project/wireless-history-timeline zrrobbins
1992 The first ever touchscreen phone was created. Rees, Katie. “A Brief History of the World’s First Cell Phones.” MUO, 15 Nov. 2022, https://www.makeuseof.com/first-cell-phones-history/ wrlewis
1992 First SMS is sent

Modification: It was sent by Neil Papworth on December 3rd. It said "merry Christmas".

“The First Text Message Celebrates 25 Years.” NPR, 4 Dec. 2017, https://www.npr.org/2017/12/04/568393428/the-first-text-messages-celebrates-25-years. emilymiller, wrlewis
1992 The Consortium for Speech Translation Advanced Research (C-STAR) gives a public demonstration of spoken language translation via a telephone translation between English, German, and Japanese. Hutchins, W. John, “MACHINE TRANSLATION: A BRIEF HISTORY,” Concise history of the language sciences: from the Sumerians to the cognitivists (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1995), p431-445. kmpicho
1992 UNIX workstations redefined CAD and no new CAD software was sold for use on mainframe or minicomputer terminals N.d. , CAD software history (CADAZZ, 2004), https://www.cadazz.com/cad-software-history.htm kwang8
1992 The first live transatlantic telecast is broadcast using Telstar-1, a low-orbit communications satellite Telstar. (n.d.). Retrieved September 07, 2020, from https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/telstar/nasm_A20070113000 jemetcalf
1992 First laptop with a pointing stick introduced by IBM https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/t/tracpoin.htm ppham
1992 IBM invented first smartphone called the Simon Personal Communicator https://simpletexting.com/where-have-we-come-since-the-first-smartphone/ hwang15
1992 OpenGL is created, eventually becoming the leading graphics API for developers. https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/History_of_OpenGL amcutler
1993 IBM and BellSouth release the Simon Personal Communicator, the first mobile phone with a touchscreen. Doug Aamoth, “First Smartphone Turns 20: Fun Fact About Simon” (Time, 8/18/2014), https://time.com/3137005/first-smartphone-ibm-simon/ (Accessed 4/2/2020) djbenson, bnklaiman
1993 Original Pentium core by Intel, using 3.1 million transistors ndemarinis
1993 Microsoft releases Windows NT. It was the first 32 bit OS, which meant computers could have more scientific and engineering uses. aquartulli
1993 IBM introduces the POWER2+ line of microprocessors, utilizing MCM technology to customize and partition the design to fulfill different commercial applications https://www.eecg.utoronto.ca/~moshovos/ACA07/lecturenotes/power2%2520(mpr).pdf essmith
1993 Mosaic is released to the general public. It is credited with the popularization of the World Wide Web. Mosaic will later become Netscape. CERN makes its World Wide Web technology public domain. Hobbes, Hobbes' Abridged Internet Timeline, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mitra/honors/timeline.html (9/3/2015) Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_90s.html (9/3/2015) Pew Research Center, World Wide Web Timeline, http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/03/11/world-wide-web-timeline/ (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1993 Adam Cheyer at SRI International research lab built the first prototype of what would become Apple’s Siri https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/29/how-siri-got-on-the-iphone.html ecnerden
1993 World Wide Web Wanderer was created by Matthew Gray, initially called Wandex. It allowed people to know how fast the Internet was growing. The History of Search Engines An Infographic. History of Search Engines. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 March 2016. hanguyen
1993 EPA requires cars to have On-board diagnostics. On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Regulations and requirements: Questions and Answers (EPA and National Service Center for Environmental Publications, December 2003) edavis
1993 ALIWEB was created by Martijn Koster. It allowed users to provide descriptions of their pages which could then be searched in the index. The History of Search Engines An Infographic. History of Search Engines. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 March 2016. hanguyen
1993 ARM signs a deal with silicon vendor, Texas Instruments, to produce future ARM chips. https://newsroom.arm.com/blog/arm-official-history azingher
1993 Ian Horswill creates Polly, the first robot moving at a decent speed using computer vision Horswill, Ian. "Polly: A vision-based artificial agent." Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). 1993. nelmaliki
1993 Apple Newton - The stylus touch screen device with handwriting recognition was considered innovative at its debut. While the device did not sell favorably, the technology was a precursor to modern day touch screens. Benji Edwards, A Brief History of Computer Displays, https://www.pcworld.com/article/209224/displays/historic-monitors-slideshow.html#slide1 Interactive Displays: Natural Human‐Interface Technologies. (n.d.). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi:10.1002/9781118706237` Wikipedia, Apple Newton, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Newton jhyuen
1993 Mercedes-Benz introduced its first infotainment system named Communication and Navigation System (CNS), which was one of the first fully integrated telematics system in the automotive domain. Meixner, Gerrit, Carina Häcker, et al. “Retrospective and future automotive infotainment systems—100 years of User Interface Evolution.” Automotive User Interfaces, 28 Feb. 2017, pp. 3–53, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49448-7_1. ankalayjian
1989 The Melissa and ILOVEYOU viruses were created and infected over ten million PCs and destroyed much of the existing email systems. This viruses led to the creation of antivirus technology and business to take a proactive approach. This also led to a culture of computer users being more hesitant to opening files from unknown sources. This began to frighten companies and their computer systems. http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/opinions/the-history-of-cybersecurity/ ajmokotoff
1993 Programming language R is released Chi Nok, Data Science 101: Is Python better than R? (August 2018) https://towardsdatascience.com/data-science-101-is-python-better-than-r-b8f258f57b0f armorrison
1993 Mosaic, the first web browser, is created by NCSA http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1993 NCSA releases Common Gateway Interface (CGI) https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-robinson-www-interface-00 sbaumgarten
1993 The NSA develops the Clipper Chip, a piece of hardware that was supposed to attach to all new phones and would allow the government to decrypt encrypted phone calls, if they have a warrant. This chip had many security holes and design flaws and was never implemented. It was thoroughly debunked multiple times by computer experts between the years of 1994 and 1997. https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8GM8F2W efschwarzrock
1993 Severe Tire Damage is the first band to be streamed live over the Internet http://www.savetz.com/mbone/ch6_4.html egouveia
1993 Sega Develops a VR headset for use with the Sega Genesis system, but it never left the prototyping phase with only four games being developed for it. https://www.vrs.org.uk/virtual-reality/history.html bmwaid
1993 objects all in one), and Compression (compressing audios and visuals) https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=871557 ermahoney
1993 The start of the Intel Pentium series, the first of which offered 60 MHz speeds. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EMkcZ2UPuu95BAHkGAW1YPhDVI2GfyMJh1pEu-wmjy0/edit?usp=sharing nmbargman
1993 Mortal Kombat and Doom release in the USA. Coincidentally...the ESRB, the game rating system in the US is also created. https://www.museumofplay.org/about/icheg/video-game-history/timeline Accessed: 4/3/2020 pmara
1993 Sega creates the first VR glasses for a home console, the Sega VR https://www.vrs.org.uk/virtual-reality/history.html ejwerlinich
1993 The first global positioning system (GPS) constellation becomes operational, consisting of 24 geosynchronous satellites Mai, T. (2017, August 07). Global Positioning System History. Retrieved September 07, 2020, from https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/communications/policy/GPS_History.html jemetcalf
1994 61 million pagers in use https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-pagers-and-beepers-1992315 psjain
1994 QR codes are invented by A Denso Wave group to increase storage of information and increase speed of scanning Davies, Hjorth, Andrejevic, Richardson, DeSouza, QR codes during the pandemic: Seamful Quotidian placemaking, (Convergence, 2023) jdwalden
1994 Michael Dertouzos persuades Tim Berners-Lee and others to create the World Wide Web Consortium http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1994 Dante II, an 8-legged walking robot descends into the crater of Mt Spurr in Alaska to collect data from the harsh volcanic environment eosowski
1994 Lycos was the first spider technology used to access pages and their hyperlinks to determine relationships and information contained on the page.

Agarwal, M., & Round, D. K. (2011). The emergence of global search engines: Trends in history and competition. Competition Policy International, 7(1), 114-134.

hanguyen
1994 Warcraft, one of the first Real-time strategy games, was introduced with not so impressive AI txvu
1994 WebCrawler searched through the entire texts of pages. Seymour, T., Frantsvog, D., & Kumar, S. (2011). History of search engines. International Journal of Management and Information Systems, 15(4), 47. hanguyen
1994 Marc Thorpe starts Robot Wars in San Francisco, California eosowski
1994 QR code( Quick Response Code) is first designed for the automotive industry in Japan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_code dchen
1994 First version of PHP (PHP/FI) released http://php.net/manual/en/history.php.php sbaumgarten
1994 Wireless Webcam Wearable Steve Mann. 1997. Smart clothing: wearable multimedia computing and personal imaging to restore the technological balance between people and their environments. In Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Multimedia (MULTIMEDIA '96). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 163-174. akshoop
1994 WWW becomes available to everyone for free emilymiller
1994 Wolpaw trains volunteers to control cursor in two dimensions using EEG-based communication. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7515787/ jhsu
1994 AI wins at checkers http://wpi.aci.info/view/14650deba575c0c0128/152861cf9a90012000a awheeler2
1994 Cookies Invented eapolekoff
1994 The first Internet stock trade is completed by K. Aufhauser & Company, Inc., launching a new era of online stock trading. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/crash/2/ tleung
1994 The Pentagon contracts General Atomic to create an updated version of the NAT 750 that would be lighter, faster, cheaper, and more versatile. Six months later the Predator drone was created. http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
1994 Bluetooth invented by Ericcson - Dr. Haartsen laid the foundations for Bluetooth at Ericcson http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/wireless/bluetooth/bluetooth_overview.php https://www.invent.org/inductees/jaap-c-haartsen#:~:text=In%201994%2C%20he%20laid%20the,seemingly%20endless%20array%20of%20devices. zrrobbins, crueda
1994 Peter Shor discovers a theory which "helps quantum machines find the prime factors of integers incredibly fast." This theory may lead to the potential breaking of asymmetrical encryption. https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9508027v2. Giles, Martin. “Explainer: What is post-quantum cryptography?” MIT Technology Review, July 12, 2019. https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/07/12/134211/explainer-what-is-post-quantum-cryptography/ hfloreshuerta, edited by esdunne
1994 Palm release “Graffiti” handwriting recognition software. Zimmerman, M. R., & Moeller, M. (1994, September 12). Handwriting program claims to be 100 percent accurate. PC Week, 11(36), 8. Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A16237516/ITOF?u=mlin_c_worpoly&sid=ITOF&xid=5b4865eb jbbrown
1994 VRML Standardized, featuring Scene Graph (Space of 3D world) and Interaction (Navigation and toggle view, with sensors to trigger actions or animations). https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=871557 ermahoney
1994 First laptop with a trackpad was invented by Apple in their PowerBook 500. Apple also switched to using the PowerPC RISC architecture from Motorola 68000 this year. https://www.zdnet.com/article/wayback-mac-remembering-the-first-trackpad-laptop/ and Maurice Jamieson, The Evolution of RISC Architecture, (EEPC University of Edinburgh, 11 April 2023), https://www.epcc.ed.ac.uk/whats-happening/articles/evolution-risc-architecture (31 August 2023) ppham, ehughsbaird
1994 Elliot Pellman is made chairman of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Committee. Renowned for making athletes perform regardless of concussion. “Love of the sport” shows deeper roots and power of football in society mhsultan
1994 STEP is created as the new format for transferring 3D design across platforms. It becomes the international standard and is still most used today. Alexis Barnhorn, Laura Caudill, 60 years of CAD Infographic: The History CAD since 1957 (CADENAS, 2018), https://partsolutions.com/60-years-of-cad-infographic-the-history-of-cad-since-1957/ kwang8
1994 Autodesk released AutoCAD R13 which is 3D compatible. Alexis Barnhorn, Laura Caudill, 60 years of CAD Infographic: The History CAD since 1957 (CADENAS, 2018), https://partsolutions.com/60-years-of-cad-infographic-the-history-of-cad-since-1957/ kwang8
1994 Kiss.com becomes first modern dating website. http://archive.pov.org/xoxosms/infographic-technology-dating/#:~:text=In%201998%2C%20online%20dating%20gains,by%20match.com%20in%201995 amkwan
1994 First pre-release versions of the USB were created, not yet released commercially https://www.computerhope.com/history/usb.htm amishra2
1994 IBM’s SPC hit the market with a price tag of $1100 https://blog.textedly.com/smartphone-history-when-were-smartphones-invented#first hwang15
1994 On December 3 1994, Sony released the PlayStation https://www.britannica.com/topic/PlayStation kjsmith2
1994 First prototype created for Bluetooth as a device for short radio wave connection Syed Rafid Kabir, Who Invented Bluetooth? Story of the Bit Bouncer, (History Cooperative, 02/26/2024), https://historycooperative.org/who-invented-bluetooth/ (3/31/2024) Rnguyen
1995 The DVD is released. https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/memory-storage/ cdpomeranz


1995 Apple introduces FireWire, which offered higher speeds and higher power distribution, but failed to displace USB because of its cost https://apple.fandom.com/wiki/FireWire amishra2
1995 Electronic Stability Control (ESC) is first introduced as an optional feature for some vehicles in Europe. Charles M Farmer, Effect of Electronic Stability Control on Automobile Crash Risk, (Traffic Injury Prevention, 8/11/10), https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15389580490896951 (Accessed 4/2/21) jpoulos
1995 Amazon.com, the first online bookstore, opens. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/29801/29801-pdf.pdf jaturcotte
1995 The Predator drone streams live video to the Pentagon which is the first time the military ever used live reconnaissance video. Predator: The Secret Origins of the Drone Revolution by Richard Whittle hdunphy
1995 Mobile Phones Become More Mainstream (still approx. 8"x3"x1.5") clhudson
1995 Term "User Experience Design" is coined by Don Norman eapolekoff
1995 Sony released the PlayStation, the first console in the PlayStation series and utilized memory cards in order to save game data. The console surpassed the SNES as the best-selling console in 1996 and has sold over 100 million copies. computerhistory.org/timeline/graphics-games

https://www.wired.com/2007/06/gallery-game-history/

sdnorton, bplima
1995 Seiko Message Watch with caller ID, sports scores, and stock prices relseased hsahay
1995 Internet opens fully for commercial use as AOL, Prodigy, and CompuServe come online http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1995 Microsoft releases Windows 95, the first Windows operating system to feature the start menu, task bar, and window buttons (close, minimize, maximize). A history of Windows. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2015, from http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history. tjnickerson
1995 Java published Oracle, The History of Java Technology, (Oracle, 2019), https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/overview/javahistory-index-198355.html (1 Apr 2020) icleaverstigum
1995 Full Operational Capacity (FOC) of 24 operational satellites met gmport
1995 Stanford Federal Credit Union was the first financial institution in the U.S. that offered full-scale internet banking to its customers with online banking website. Arndorfer, J.B, “Cyberspace pioneers foresee internet profits series: 11.” American Banker (pre-1997 Fulltext). Jun 05, 1995. https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/cyberspace-pioneers-foresee-internet-profits/docview/293053934/se-2?accountid=29120. czhang10
1995 Yahoo! is founded dtocco
1995 Early robot car created by Ernst Dickmanns drives more than 1000 miles through traffic from Munich to Copenhagen and back. https://partners.nytimes.com/library/cyber/week/080997othello.html allewis
1995 Chinook checkers program defeats World Champion Don Lafferty in 32--game match to claim man-machine checkers title cpnota
1995 Microsoft releases Windows 95. Windows 95 was the first OS to feature a start menu, taskbar, and minimize, maximize, and close buttons on each window. It had Plug and Play capabilities and built in internet support. aquartulli
1995 The NSF stops providing the backbone support of the Internet and the Commercial Internet Service Providers take over the task.
1995 “Toy Story” was released, the first full-length film to be made entirely with computer animation http://www.filmsite.org/visualeffects.html kofichtner, svadlamudi
1995 First live event streamed over the Internet, a Yankees vs. Mariners baseball game http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/realnetworks-inc-history/ egouveia
1995 Intel Pentium Pro releases, a response to RISC processors, with features such as out-of-order execution Gary Anthes, Timeline: A brief history of the x86 microprocessor, (Computerworld, 5 June 2008), https://www.computerworld.com/article/2535019/timeline--a-brief-history-of-the-x86-microprocessor.html (3 September 2023) dstapply, ehughsbaird
1995 Nintendo released the Virtual Boy, the first portable VR console https://virtualspeech.com/blog/history-of-vr ejwerlinich
1995 Excite was created by Stanford undergraduates who wanted to make a more efficient search algorithm by relationships between words, such as synonyms to produce more accurate results. Agarwal, M., & Round, D. K. (2011). The emergence of global search engines: Trends in history and competition. Competition Policy International, 7(1), 114-134. hanguyen
1995 Nintendo releases the Virtual Boy, designed to be the first portable VR device, but it ended up failing due to its primitive graphics and small game library. https://www.vrs.org.uk/virtual-reality/history.html bmwaid
1995 Disney releases Toy Story, which is the first computer-animated film. Batman Forever has the first virtual stunt double. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=889049 ermahoney
1995 Diamante Sedan, First Commercial Level 1 Autonomy Car (Driver Assistance) www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com/features/adas-3.html.7 cctulig
1995 SolidWorks released SolidWorks 95 as an “80% of Pro/Engineering’s functionality at 20% of the price” N.d. , CAD software history (CADAZZ, 2004), https://www.cadazz.com/cad-software-history.htm kwang8
1995 Fraunhofer Institute releases first MP3 encoding software the same year the term MP3 is coined The mp3 History (Fraunhofer Institute) https://www.mp3-history.com/en/timeline.html#6 (11/2/20) brdesousa
1995 Video game emulators continue to grow through independent developers. Readonly memory (ROM) formats for video game cartridges allow console games to be played on personal computers. BasuMallick, Chiradeep. “What Are Emulators? Working, Types, & Examples- Spiceworks.” Spiceworks, 18 Jan. 2023, www.spiceworks.com/tech/devops/articles/what-are-emulators/#_001. Accessed 3 Sept. 2023.

Wells III, Robert Earl. “What Is a Video Game Emulator? A Way to Play Retro Games on Your PC.” Lifewire, Lifewire, 11 Mar. 2020, www.lifewire.com/video-game-emulators-need-to-know-4687006. Accessed 3 Sept. 2023.

nkwong
1996 A RoboTuna is designed and build by David Barrettto study the way fish swim eosowski
1996 The GGP was successfully flight tested at the Patuxent Naval Air Station gmport
1996 USB 1.0 released commercially, was able to transfer data at 12 mbps https://www.computerhope.com/history/usb.htm amishra2
1996 Researchers develop software for the LIGIER electric vehicle that allows it to autonomously parallel park. Autonomous Parallel Parking of a Nonholonomic Vehicle. 1996. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=566343. Access Date: 21 Mar 2016 aaadkins
1996 Real-time stock tickers are used on cable television channels CNBC and CNN-FN. Market data, which had previously been delayed 20 minutes, is now reported in real time. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/crash/2/ tleung
1996 PNG developed bjsharron
1996 Creatures the video game is released. caroberts
1996 Hackers alter Web sites of the United States Department of Justice (August), and the CIA (October), and then the U.S. Air Force (December). http://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/31/us/air-force-computer-invaded-as-hackers-forge-web-page.html ajmokotoff
1996 3dfx releases Voodoo Graphics chip and subsequently gains 80-85% market traction. http://www.techspot.com/article/650-history-of-the-gpu/ sdnorton
1996 German-Hungarian software company Audio Simulation releases AudioSim, one of the first virtual analog software synthesizers. http://www.audio-simulation.com/?page=about Visited 08/30/2017 aperucic
1996 The world’s first DVD player was the Toshiba SD-3000, launched in November 1996. https://didyouknow.org/dvdhistory/ mazyla
1996 The Navy launched its Ethernet project entitled IT-2. https://bebusinessed.com/history/history-of-online-storage/ rhuang2
1996 The idea was conceived of using an ultra-fast laser to store produce points on glass to store data. Kazansky, Peter G, Eternal 5D optical data storage in glass (University of Southampton, 7/8/2016), https://www-spiedigitallibrary-org.ezpxy-web-p-u01.wpi.edu/conference-proceedings-of-spie/9959/2240594/Eternal-5D-optical-data-storage-in-glassConference-Presentation/10.1117/12.2240594.full?SSO=1, (4/2/2020) maferreira
1996 The TI-92 is the first graphing calculator with all the functions of a computer algebra system dstusalitus
1996 Nokia releases the Nokia 9000 Communicator, with a clamshell design containing a QWERTY keyboard https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone#PDA/phone_hybrids bnklaiman
1996 Nintendo uses a 64-bit processor in it’s Nintendo 64 console. history.com Editors, Video Game History (A&E Television Networks, 2019), https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/history-of-video-games (Accessed 9/6/2020) resallie
1996 Richard Stallman, develops and releases a free and open source program that allows for DNA, RNA, and protein sequence alignments Williams S. Free as in Freedom: Richard Stallman’s Crusade for Free Software. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly, 2002, 240 kmvarteresian
1996 Steinberg releases the first VST plugins (virtual studio technology), which came with their DAW (digital audio workstation) Cubase 3.02. VSTs can add features, such as instruments and audio/MIDI effects, to the DAWs they are used with. Kuassa, VST Plugins: Development and What You Need to Know About It, (Kuassa), https://www.kuassa.com/vst-plugins-development-and-what-you-need-to-know-about-it/#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20VST%20began,type%20has%20a%20different%20role (01 Apr. 2021) jsalbert
1996 Compaq uses the term “cloud computing” for the first time. Maurer, T., & Hinck, G. (2020). Cloud Security: A Primer for Policymakers (pp. 10-22, Rep.). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. doi:10.2307/resrep25787.8 acherkinsky
1996 Larry Page and Sergy Brin produce their paper "Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine", the basis for Google Linda Alchin, Google Timeline, (Siteseen Ltd, March 2018), https://www.datesandevents.org/events-timelines/18-google-timeline.htm nlingram
1996 Steinberg releases Cubase 3.0, a DAW that came along with built-in VST (Virtual Studio Technology) plugins, released in the same year. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Studio_Technology accesed 9/2/22 mhtoryu
1997 Sony releases the first ever ‘neckband’ https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/culture/a-history-of-headphone-design alate
1997 VR for Exposure therapy for veterans with PTSD tfan
1997 Normalized Cuts algorithm developed, which can separate images into component parts https://ai.stanford.edu/~syyeung/cvweb/index.html jacurtis2
1997 Apple releases Mac OS 8. OS 8 featured numerous improvements in speed and introduced pop up menus. It also had HTML help pages for the user. aquartulli
1997 IBM's Deep Blue defeats Chess World Champion Garry Kasparov in 6-game match Aviv Gaon, The Singularity is Near, http://wpi.aci.info/view/15af7f26c8c00100002/15b4709e35500015c3ad447 cpnota, rjsthilaire, nelmaliki
1997 The Pathfinder mission lands on Mars, where the robot Sojourner broadcasts data for 3 months eosowski
1997 Engineer Phillipe Kahn uses a digital camera connected to his phone to share photos of his newborn daughter, essentially creating the camera phone http://100photos.time.com/photos/philippe-kahn-first-cell-phone-picture bmheavey
1997 Professional Go player Janice Kim overcomes whopping 25-stone handicap to defeat Handtalk, top Go program of the era cpnota
1997 First Social Networking Sites Begin to Spring Up eapolekoff
1997 Macromedia Flash Player 2 released egouveia
1997 Eric Raymond presents The Cathedral and the Bazaar at Linux Kongress. This later motivates a few corporations to release their software with the source code Raymond, Eric S. “The Cathedral and the Bazaar.” (First Monday 1998), https://firstmonday.org/article/view/578/499 (6 September 2020) omthode
1997 There were 1 million domain registrants on the Internet dtocco
1997 IEEE released the first version of 802.11 protocol, two net bit rates of 1 or 2 megabits per second. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi#cite_note-3 hfang
1997 Image-Line partially releases FruityLoops (1.0.0). It would go on to become one of the most popular Digital Audio Workstations. https://www.image-line.com/flstudio/history.php?entry_id=1286984399 Visited 08/31/2017 aperucic
1997 David Wolf becomes the first American to vote from space, under a special Texas law https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=91791895 stgoldman
1997 SYSTRAN creates AltaVista Babelfish, the world's first web translation tool https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_machine_translation mjgulbin
1997 First use of Convolution neural network in Face recognition Lawrence, S., Giles, C. L., Tsoi, A. C., & Back, A. D. (1997). Face recognition: A convolutional neural-network approach. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 8(1), 98-113. 10.1109/72.554195 aditthapron
1997 The term "cloud computing" is coined by University of Texas professor Ramnath Chellappa in a talk on a "new computing paradigm." https://gcn.com/articles/2013/05/30/gcn30-timeline-cloud.aspx rhuang2
1997 LSTMs Hochreiter and Schmidhuber mmohapatra
1997 NetBank became the first fully public online banking company. It partnered with “First Mortgage Network” to offer home loan services online. Rothstein, C., & Watson, R. T, “Netbank: The conservative internet entrepreneurs.” Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Vol. 14, No. 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.01410 czhang10
1997 Bidirectional RNN Schuster and Paliwal mmohapatra
1997 Google.com was registered as a domain name Linda Alchin, Google Timeline, (Siteseen Ltd, March 2018), https://www.datesandevents.org/events-timelines/18-google-timeline.htm nlingram
1997 Propellerhead releases Rebirth, an entirely software-based VST synthesizer that allows users to recreate the sounds of drums and synths without any physical hardware. https://mixdownmag.com.au/features/musicology-a-brief-history-of-the-digital-audio-workstation/ accesed 9/2/22 mhtoryu
1997 The Nokia 6110 phone is released, popularizing the use of ARM technology in mobile phones. https://newsroom.arm.com/blog/arm-official-history azingher
1997 Taneil Armanto designed a mobile gaming called Snake for Nokia 6110 phones

Modification: This was known as the first ever cell phone app.

https://simpletexting.com/where-have-we-come-since-the-first-smartphone/

Johnson, Lauren. “The History of Mobile Apps.” Inventionland, 3 Apr. 2019, https://inventionland.com/blog/the-history-of-mobile-apps/.

hwang15, wrlewis
1997 The first successful brute-force attack of DES is carried out, proving that attacks against the encryption method had “become practical for even modestly funded groups”. Curtin Matt, Dolske Justin. “A Brute Force Search of DES Keyspace”. 8th Usenix Symposium, January. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=6efefac47649973fd0783c090f1dfcc278ea85d7 esdunne
1998 Ericsson collaborates with Toshiba, Nokia, Intel and IBM to create the Bluetooth Special Interest Group(SIG). An organization to help develop Bluetooth technology. Syed Rafid Kabir, Who Invented Bluetooth? Story of the Bit Bouncer, (History Cooperative, 02/26/2024), https://historycooperative.org/who-invented-bluetooth/ (3/31/2024) Rnguyen
1998 The Palm Pilot is released, the first touch product to have major consumer success. djbenson
1998 Christine Peterson coins the term “open source” at a meeting on promotion strategy in the free software community Peterson, Christine. “How I coined the term ‘open source’.” (Red Hat, Inc., 2018), https://opensource.com/article/18/2/coining-term-open-source-software (6 September 2020) omthode
1998 The design of NOKIA 9110I significantly reduced the weight of smartphone. https://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2009/05/the-evolution-of-cell-phone-design-between-1983-2009/ hwang15
1998 Google was founded. 300 web pages existed and the number was increasing by over 1.5 million daily dtocco
1998 One of the first commercial standalone LCD screens, the Eizo L66 is released http://www.eizoglobal.com/support/db/files/catalogs/lcd/l360-l66.pdf nadiaz
1998 Linux Wristwatch released hsahay
1998 Microsoft releases Windows 98. Windows 98 was the first Windows OS to be specifically for consumers. It made it easier to find programs, which meant a more user friendly experience. Windows 98 was also the first Windows OS to support reading from USB ports and DVDs. aquartulli
1998 Windows 98 is released with the Windows Browser bundled into it http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1998 MSN was created. The History of Search Engines
An Infographic. History of Search Engines. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 March 2016. 
hanguyen
1998 Sierra Studios releases Half-Life. bli
1998 Nintendo releases the Game Boy Color, a new addition to the Game Boy series. It featured a colored screen and was backwards compatible. Nintendo released limited editions of the console in certain countries. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/52504/Game-Boy-Color-Teal/#:~:text=It%20was%20released%20on%20October,Color%20was%20discontinued%20in%202003 bplima
1998 Netflix site was launched. https://qz.com/887010/netflix-nflx-launched-streaming-video-10-years-ago-and-changed-the-way-we-watch-everything/ mazyla
1998 Rockstar Games releases Grand Theft Auto. bli
1998 First working 3-qubit Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Quantum computer is built https://books.google.com/books?id=l217ma2sWkoC hfloreshuerta
1998 SEGA DreamCast released. Being the first console released in the sixth generation, Dreamcast has the best graphics at that time. It is also the first console that has a built-in modem for online features. However, this is the last console developed by SEGA. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreamcast mli2
1998 Microsoft creates it's Microsoft GS Wavetable SW Synth, featured in Windows 98. It is capable of playing back MIDI, with a polyphony of 32 notes. https://news.microsoft.com/1996/10/22/microsoft-licenses-sound-canvas-sounds-from-industry-leader-roland-corp/ Visited 08/30/2017 aperucic
1998 First internet-enabled “smart fridges” and other smart appliances begin to be developed http://www.iotevolutionworld.com/m2m/articles/376816-history-smart-homes.htm mjmcdonald
1998 USB 1.1 released commercially, was much more successful than USB 1.0 https://www.computerhope.com/history/usb.htm amishra2
1998 Apple released The Apple iMac G3, which contained USB ports and no serial or parallel ports https://www.computerhope.com/history/usb.htm amishra2
1998 NoSQL was first used (did not use SQL) Keith D. Foote, A Brief History of Non-Relational Databases Retrieved August 29th 2019 from https://www.dataversity.net/a-brief-history-of-non-relational-databases/ bjaubuchon
1998 Lego Mindstorm series was created for programming education https://robotsauthority.com/the-short-history-of-lego-mindstorms/ sli11
1998 Nick Szabo creates Bit Gold, the first conceptual cryptocurrency Szabo, Nick. “Bit Gold.” Satoshi Nakamoto Institute, 29 December 2005, https://nakamotoinstitute.org/bit-gold/. drphillips
1998 Philip Kennedy and Roy Bakay are the first to install a BCI implant into a human brain, which could successfully translate strong brain signals into machine language, allowing him to control a computer Nitish Kumar, Brain-Computer Interface (COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 2008), 3-25 ngcleary
1998 AAIC HACP, the first widely adopted standard for Interoperability between eLearning content and LMSs, released by the Aviation Avionics and Instruments Corp https://scorm.com/scorm-explained/business-of-scorm/scorm-versions/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=natural_search elevin
1998-1999 Data Encryption Standard (DES) is cracked by the Electronic Frontier Foundation in 56 hours, then again in 22 hours, rendering it insecure. Peter Loshin et al., “Data Encryption Standard”, (TechTarget, August 2021), https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/Data-Encryption-Standard (September 6, 2021) ambornstein
1999 In 1999, Salesforce first delivered enterprise applications over the internet which led to a boom in cloud-powered applications. https://www.bcs.org/articles-opinion-and-research/history-of-the-cloud/ agupta9
1999 Apple releases Mac OS 9. OS 9 increased security, provided automatic software updates, and supported USB printers and USB audio. aquartulli
1999 "Internet of Things" coined as a topic by Kevin Ashton Mattern, F., & Floerkemeier, C. (2010). From the Internet of Computers to the Internet of Things. In From active data management to event-based systems and more (pp. 242-259). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pg. 243 amartinez
1999 Nvidia releases GeForce 256 and coins term "GPU." techspot.com/article/650-history-of-the-gpu/ sdnorton
1999 Engineered organs bring new advances to medicine japayano
1999 LEGO releases the Robotics Discovery Set, Droid Developer Kit and Robotics Invention System 1.5 eosowski
1999 First radar-based adaptive cruise control system introduced by Mercedes How Does Adaptive Cruise Control Work?. 2015. http://www.proctorcars.com/how-does-adaptive-cruise-control-work/. Access Date: 21 Mar 2016 aaadkins
1999 Wi-Fi Alliance was formed. http://www.wi-fi.org/who-we-are hfang
1999 3D printed framework for a bladder is created and then integrated with the patient’s own cells at Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine https://www.autodesk.com/redshift/history-of-3d-printing/ wgbahm
1999 802.11a and 802.11b was released. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11 hfang
1999 Apple introduced Wi-Fi to public http://www.businessinsider.com/steve-jobs-wifi-macworld-1999-video-2014-10 hfang
1999 DoubleClick begins using user info and advertising eapolekoff
1999 First smart watch to send and receive calls - Samsung SPH-WP10 https://www.sutori.com/en/item/1999-samsung-sph-wp10-1999-samsung-introduces-the-first-watchphone-the-sph-w skushwaha
1999 U.S. President Bill Clinton announces a $1.46 billion initiative to improve government computer security. http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9901/26/clinton.idg/ ajmokotoff
1998-1999 The worldwide network began forming with Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Japan, Sweden and the UK connecting to the NSFNET. Mowery, David C., and Timothy Simcoe, Is the internet a US invention?-an economic and technological history of computer networking, http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.wpi.edu/science/article/pii/S0048733302000690 (9/2/2015) svadlamudi
1999 The Wi-Fi Alliance is formed, and Wi-Fi is formally coined, representing any wireless local area network (WLAM) following 802.11 standards. http://www.wirelesshistoryfoundation.org/wireless-history-project/wireless-history-timeline zrrobbins
1999 Nikon introduces the D1, the first true DSLR http://www.popphoto.com/gear/2013/10/30-most-important-digital-cameras#page-4 bmheavey
1999 Intel Pentium III dstapply
1999 With use of electoencephalogram based BCIs, researchers at UC Berkeley were able to record a cat's brain signals, and decode them to generate a short clip of images the cat saw. Although the images came out fuzzy, they accurately captured the scenery that the cat was viewing. https://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/99legacy/10-15-1999.html ajlee
1999 Ableton AG founded by Gerhard Behles, Robert Henke of Monolake, and Bernd Roggendorf
1999 Geri's Game Pixar short film noted for animation of faces and clothing. Jar-Jar in Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace has the first anthropoid main character of a movie. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=889049 ermahoney
1999 Napsted was released. Nicholas A. John (2014). File Sharing and the History of Computing: Or, Why File Sharing is Called “File Sharing”, Critical Studies in Media Communication osanderson
1999 NCAA funds long-term concussion study with North Carolina’s Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center and Michael McCrea, director of brain injury research at the Medical College of Wisconsin mhsultan
1999 NTT DoCoMo launches i-mode, the first mobile-specific browser-based web service https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone#Japanese_cell_phones bnklaiman
1999 Kyocera Visual Phone VP-210, the first commercial camera phone, releases in Japan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone#Camera_advancements bnklaiman
1999 Dan Libby and Ramanathan V. Guha created RDF Site Summaary, the first verison of RSS https://validator.w3.org/feed/docs/rss1.html oejackson
1999 A program allowing for whole genome alignment, named MUMmer, is released in the language Perl Kurtz, S., Phillippy, A., Delcher, A. L., Smoot, M., Shumway, M., Antonescu, C., & Salzberg, S. L. (2004). Versatile and open software for comparing large genomes. Genome biology, 5(2), R12 kmvarteresian
1999 Samsung introduced the first Watch Phone (SPH-WP10). https://appleinsider.com/articles/13/03/21/new-samsung-smart-watch-will-be-companys-third-stab-at-wrist-accessory ramcgovern
1999 Napster launches, allowing free sharing of MP3 files over the internet Tom Lamont, Napster: The day music was set free, (The Guardian, Sat 23 Feb 2013) https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/feb/24/napster-music-free-file-sharing (11/2/20) brdesousa
April 19, 2000 A man named Wen-Chin Yang filed a patent for the invention of a "mobile phone battery charge with USB interface." It was the first battery charger for mobile devices such as the cellphone, rather than the power adapters that existed for phones since the 1980s. https://patents.justia.com/inventor/wen-chin-yang?page=2 zsperry
2000 BC The abacus is invented. A frame made out of wood holding rods with sliding beads on them, used to aid in arithmetic calculations. http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/history.html Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
Late 2000 Flash drives appeared on the market. https://www.dataversity.net/brief-history-data-storage/ nchkhaidze
2000 More than 80 percent of long-distance traffic over fiber optic cables and 25 million kilometers of the cable [8] Bellis, Mary. "How Fiber Optics Was Invented." ThoughtCo, Jun. 27, 2021, thoughtco.com/birth-of-fiber-optics-4091837. (September 4, 2023) agjensen
2000 The USB Flash drive is released. https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/memory-storage/, https://koofr.eu/blog/posts/a-brief-history-of-memory-and-storage cdpomeranz, hzgandor


2000 Troy Aikman retires from continuous effect from concussions after receiving sever pressure to perform regardless. Concussions back in the news mhsultan
2000 The first Bluetooth headset https://www.bluetooth.com/about-us-2/our-history/ pmahurkar


2000 The Levis ICD+ jacket was launched commercially in summer 2000 and this product is widely considered to be the first commercial wearable electronics garment https://www.vhmdesignfutures.com/project/192/ pmahurkar
2000 President Clinton ordered that GPS Selective Availability (SA) feature be turned off gmport
2000 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) developed zhenhe
2000 TALON, a lightweight, unmanned, tracked military robot designed to protect people from explosives. http://www.army-technology.com/projects/talon-tracked-military-robot/ Visited: 3/23/2018 hdunphy
2000 Apple IPod Digital recorders - Apple's IPod represents the coming of age of digital recording. The IPod become a fashionable thing to have and thus introduced digital recording such as MP3 to the public.
2000 Microsoft releases Windows Me. Designed specifically for media, Windows Me introduced tools for media editing and sharing. It also introduced the system restore. aquartulli
2000 Microsoft releases Windows 2000 Professional. This OS was designed to replace prior versions of Windows OS in work environments. It had improvements in ease of use, reliability, and internet capabilities. It also simplified hardware installation.
2000 Bluetooth Headset http://www.bluetooth.com/Pages/History-of-Bluetooth.aspx akshoop
2000 USB 2.0 released, claimed to be able to transfer data at 480 mbps but bus limitations resulted in data transfer rates of only 280 mbps https://www.computerhope.com/history/usb.htm amishra2
2000 First USB flash drives sold by IBM and Trek Technology https://www.computerhope.com/history/usb.htm amishra2
2000 Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS), the first of Next-Generation Sequencing technologies was launched by Linux(USA) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3917434/#:~:text=In%202000%2C%20Massively%20Parallel%20Signature,a%20paralleled%20version%20of%20pyrosequencing. ddaly
2000 Honda debuts its new humanoid robot ASIMO eosowski
2000 The Predator drone flies over Afghanistan searching for Osama Bin Laden. This Predator drone only had imagery equipment on it and was successful in finding Osama Bin Laden http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-predator-drone-changed-the-character-of-war-3794671/ addresser

2000



AMD introduces a 64-bit architecture backwards compatible with Intel's x86 instruction set, bringing 64-bit processors to the consumer desktop market.

http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/24593_APM_v2.pdf

ajthompson
2000 Digital wireless users outnumber analog subscribers http://www.wirelesshistoryfoundation.org/wireless-history-project/wireless-history-timeline
2000 Baidu was created and became a regularly used search engine in China. Agarwal, M., & Round, D. K. (2011). The emergence of global search engines: Trends in history and competition. Competition Policy International, 7(1), 114-134. hanguyen
2000 Savage Beast Technologies founded (later called Pandora) egouveia
2000 GeForce 2 (NV15) Released Derek Perez, NVIDIA Dominates PC Magazine’s High-Performance Graphics Tests, https://www.nvidia.com/object/IO_20010618_6038.html, 3.18.19 aecuriel
2000 Sony PlayStation 2 was released. The PlayStation 2 is the successor of the first console in PlayStation series and in 2020 is still the best-selling console of all times with more than 155 million units sold. The PlayStation 2 games are based on DVD, which allows bigger game size. The built-in DVD player also allows it to play movies. It is also the first console that is backwards compatible. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_2

https://www.wired.com/2007/06/gallery-game-history/ https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2018/12/top-10-best-selling-videogame-consoles-551938

mli2, bplima
2000 First commercial camera phone, Sharp J-SH04 is released in Japan, with a resolution of 0.11mp https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/camera-phone-history/ bmheavey
2000 The 2000 Arizona Democratic Primary is the first binding, statewide election held online https://web.archive.org/web/20010625171356/http://www.thestandard.com/article/0%2C1902%2C12859%2C00.html stgoldman
2000 Online voting was used by Alaskan Republicans during the primary. Before this, e-voting was mostly used for conducting business elections Horng-Twu Liaw, “A secure electronic voting protocol for general elections,” (ScienceDirect, March 2004), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2004.01.007, (April 1, 2020) mfrossetti
2000 AMD released the Duron which broke 1 Ghz bus speeds. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EMkcZ2UPuu95BAHkGAW1YPhDVI2GfyMJh1pEu-wmjy0/edit?usp=sharing nmbargman
2000 GTBot botnet attacks, abusing resource allocation in TCP Bijalwan, Anchit & Solanki, Vijender & Shubhakar Pilli, Emmanuel. (2018). BOTNET FORENSIC: ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND GOOD PRACTICES twhite
2000 Around the time when features on silicon chips started to become smaller than 90 nm. Waldrop, M. Mitchel, The chips are down for Moore’s law, (Nature, 2/9/2016), pp.144–147 maferreira


2000-2008 Pentium IV 64 bit processor
dstapply
2000 AD Mobile phones and more convenient methods of taking photographs Masoner, Liz, "A Brief History of Photography and the Camera." (The Spruce Crafts. September 5, 2018) https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/brief-history-of-photography-2688527 kcariglia
2000 Alibre released Alibre Design as the first CAD software capable of client – server 3D modeling over the internet. N.d. , CAD software history (CADAZZ, 2004), https://www.cadazz.com/cad-software-history.htm kwang8
2000 Ford released Mondeo which has been designed entirely over the internet using its C3P (CAD, CAE, CAM, PDM) platform in about 1/3rd of the time traditionally required. N.d. , CAD software history (CADAZZ, 2004), https://www.cadazz.com/cad-software-history.htm kwang8
2000 Dominic Mazzoni and Roger Danneberg release Audacity, an open-source digital audio recording and editing program. Mia Owens, Listening to the Music (and History) on Audacity and SoundCloud, (Digital History Methods, 27 Mar. 2021), http://www.dighist.org/2021/03/listening-to-the-music-and-history-on-audacity-and-soundcloud/ (01 Apr. 2021) jsalbert
2000 Stefan Konst publishes his theory for cryptographically secured chains. Soni, Neha. “Evolution of Blockchain.” Medium.com, 22 July 2020, https://medium.com/@nehasoni1812/evolution-of-blockchain-f243f7509fe6. drphillips
2000 Samsung releases first ever phone with a built-in camera. Hill, Simon. “A Complete History of the Camera Phone.” Digital Trends, 11 Aug. 2013, https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/camera-phone-history/. wrlewis
2000 J-SH04, the first camera phone appeared in Japan https://blog.textedly.com/smartphone-history-when-were-smartphones-invented#first hwang15
2001 Motorola stopped producing pagers https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-pagers-and-beepers-1992315 psjain
2001 Development of the Sony Ericsson T36, the first phone to include Bluetooth. Later revised and released as the T39. Jeanette Irekvist, Bluetooth: Born in our backyard, raised by the world, (09/26/22), https://www.ericsson.com/en/blog/6/2022/ericsson-bluetooth (03/20/2024) rnguyen
2001 Data Encryption Standard (DES) is retired from government use. The Rijndael Algorithm becomes the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), replacing DES as the national standard for encryption after being chosen by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Patrick Nohe, “What are NIST Encryption Standards?”, (The SSL Store, December 17, 2017), https://www.thesslstore.com/blog/what-are-nist-encryption-standards/ (September 6, 2021). Kumar Jena, Baivab. “What Is AES Encryption and How Does It Work?” Simplilearn Solutions, February 9, 2023. https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/cryptography-tutorial/aes-encryption ambornstein, edited by esdunne
2001 Apple releases their first ever headphones , with the first ever IPod https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/culture/a-history-of-headphone-design alate
2001 After the events of September 11th, CIA creates the Targeted Killing Campaign, allowing them to kill anyone who they believe was involved in the attacks. http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
2001 Apple launches OS X. tjnickerson
2001 Smartphones could connect wirelessly with a 3G network https://blog.textedly.com/smartphone-history-when-were-smartphones-invented#first hwang15
2001 The iPod is released, with the potential to hold and play hundreds or thousands of songs. rpdabrowski
2001 The FDA approves the robotic Cyberknife system to search for and treat tumors anywhere in the body.[eosowski] 2001 Wikipedia is launched dtocco
2001 Palm Inc. releases the first cell phone with a web browser on it. mburns23
2001 In one of its first known large scale uses, facial recognition is deployed on the corwd at the superbowl. The undisclosed use is met with heavy back lash. https://nypost.com/2001/06/26/just-a-face-in-the-crowd-superbowl-kicked-off-the-use-of-face-recognition-software-but-is-this-an-invasion-of-privacy/ sgubrud, mjzeolla
2001 Nissan Cima model introduced in Japan with lane keep assist feature Matthew Sparkes, Driverless cars: how long until we can sit back and relax, (The Telegraph, 12/4/14) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/11273463/Driverless-cars-how-long-until-we-can-sit-back-and-relax.html (Accessed 4/2/21)

aaadkins, jpoulos


2001 Apple releases Mac OS X: Cheetah. Cheetah reintroduced the terminal and introduced the dock. However, Cheetah suffered from reliability and speed issues and it was missing basic CD capabilities. aquartulli
2001 Apple releases Mac OS X: Puma. Puma featured improvements in speed. It also addressed the missing CD capabilities that Cheetah had and supported much more hardware. aquartulli
2001 Nintendo released the Game Boy Advance, the only landscape handheld in the Game Boy family. The console supported backwards compatibility and had a 32-bit processor. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/40690/Game-Boy-Advance/ bplima
2001 Microsoft releases Windows XP. Windows XP was designed with a clean interface in mind. It was made for the average user, so it was very intuitive and featured more help and support than any other Windows OS. It also featured large improvements in security, reliability, and speed. aquartulli
2001 IBM creates the POWER4 processor, the first multicore processor.

http://www.cpushack.com/2011/01/24/ibms-server-processors-the-rs64-and-the-power,

ajthompson
2001 Nintendo GameCube released. Nintendo GameCube is the successor of Nintendo 64. It is the first Nintendo console that uses disk as game media. However, it can’t play DVD or CDs. Nintendo GameCube introduced stereoscopic 3D technology. But because this feature is far ahead of time, there was no TV supporting it and only very few games have this feature enabled.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GameCube

mli2


2001 US patriot act is passed, in which it is easier to track citizens online https://www.justice.gov/archive/ll/highlights.htm brobinson
2001 NVDIA GeForce3 Released TechPowerUp, NVDIA GeForce3, https://www.techpowerup.com/gpu-specs/geforce3.c738, 3.18.19 aecuriel
2001 Anna Kournikova worm spreads over email Love, John. A Brief History of Malware — Its Evolution and Impact (lastline.com, 04/05/2018). https://www.lastline.com/blog/history-of-malware-its-evolution-and-impact/ Accessed 09/08/2020 zjester
2001 Microsoft Xbox released. Xbox is the first in the Xbox series developed by Microsoft. It has more powerful graphics than its components but also bigger in size and weight. It is the first console that has a built in hard disk to store games. Xbox also provides a better online experience with Xbox Live Service than PlayStation2 and GameCube.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xbox_(console) https://www.wired.com/2007/06/gallery-game-history/

mli2, bplima
2001 Ableton Live's first release commercially
2001 AD Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, is launched, providing free information that is collaboratively sourced prlee
2001 Apple’s iTunes 2 released, allows MP3 CD burning Apple Announces iTunes 2, (Apple, October 23, 2001) https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2001/10/23Apple-Announces-iTunes-2/ (11/2/20) brdesousa
2001 Whirlpool Corperation invented the first vertical axis, high efficiency washing machine “Evolution of Washing Machines Timeline.” Timetoast, November 15, 1851. https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/evolution-of-washing-machines. amkwan
2001 First Mobile Phone that used BLuetooth was released https://www.androidauthority.com/history-bluetooth-explained-846345/ crueda
2001 The messaging standard, SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) is released as the successor to AAIC HACP Qu, C., & Nejdl, W. (2003). Towards open standards: The evolution of a collaborative courseware generating system. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies, 1(3), 59 68. doi:https://doi.org/10.4018/jdet.2003070105 elevin
2001 Nvidia releases GeForce 3, the first chip capable of programmable shading, allowing each pixel to be processed with a short program. amcutler
2002 The US government bought 72 ARTS, an all purpose remote transport that is used to investigate areas with possible large explosives. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/arts.htm Visited: 3/23/2018 hdunphy
2002 “Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers”, pioneered actor driven character animation with Andy Serkis’s motion capture performance as Gollum Baron, C.(2015). THE MODERN ENTERTAINMENT MARKETPLACE, 2000-present kofichtner
2002 "Foldable Portable Cellular Phone" - Mobile Phone with Camera introduced clhudson
2002 Sony releases SmartSkin introducing mutual capacitive touch recognition. djbenson
2002 US Government tests facial recognition software as part of security for Super Bowl XXXV. K. W. Bowyer, "Face recognition technology: security versus privacy," in IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Spring 2004, doi: 10.1109/MTAS.2004.1273467. cjmclaughlin, mjzeolla
2002 ATI Radeon R300 chip released followed by the 9700 Pro Anand Lal Shimpi, ATI Radeon 9700 Pro - Delivering as Promised, https://www.anandtech.com/show/970, 3.18.19 aecuriel
2002 Riddell Sports designs a new helmet made specifically to reduce concussions mhsultan
2002 Apple releases Mac OS X: Jaguar. Cheetah provided many networking capabilities and introduced tools for users with disabilities. aquartulli
2002 The Bush administration files a bill to create the Department of Homeland Security, which will be responsible for protecting the nation's critical IT infrastructure. http://www.allgov.com/departments/department-of-homeland-security?detailsDepartmentID=571 ajmokotoff
2002 Poma Wearable PC Alpert, Mark. Machine Chic: The Poma Wearable Computer is Flashy but Not very Functional. 287 Vol. Scientific American, Inc, 2002. akshoop
2002 A working 3D kidney http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1308/147363514X13990346756481 japayano
2002 Sony releases the Walkman NWZ-X1000, its latest play-only cassette Walkm[a]n http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1907884,00.html wofrick
2002 The "Help America Vote Act of 2002" is signed into law with the goal of replacing punch card and lever voting machines https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-107publ252/html/PLAW-107publ252.htm stgoldman
2002 E-Government Act of 2002 improves availability of government-provided information and services for citizens through the internet. Dudash, S. (2016). The Department of Defense and the Power of Cloud Computing: Weighing Acceptable Cost versus Acceptable Risk (pp. 11-13, Rep.). Air University Press. Retrieved April 1, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep13826.11 acherkinsky
2002 Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 establishes requirements for determining security of cloud data. NIST is the organization which sets security standards. Dudash, S. (2016). The Department of Defense and the Power of Cloud Computing: Weighing Acceptable Cost versus Acceptable Risk (pp. 11-13, Rep.). Air University Press. Retrieved April 1, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep13826.11 acherkinsky
2002 AWS started providing storage and computation over the internet agupta9
2002 ATI Radeon 9700, the world's first Direct3D 9.0 accelerator is released, allowing pixel and vertex shaders to implement loops and floating-point math. amcutler
2003 MySpace & 4chan are founded dtocco
2003 Apple releases Mac OS X: Panther. Panther introduced the ability to have multiple users logged in at once. It also introduced some user friendly features. aquartulli
2003 Garmin launches the Forerunner, a sports watch that could measure running distance and heart rate. Wearables in MedTech: Past, Present & Future. (n.d.). Retrieved August 30, 2018, from https://www.itlmedical.com/news/wearables-in-medtech-past-present-future pappikatla
April 2003 Apple releases the 30-pin dock connector, a mobile charger that would initially be needed for future iPods as well as iPhones once they began their releases in 2007. https://irq5.io/2012/06/25/the-apple-30-pin-dock-connector/ zsperry
2003 In April, the Human Genome Project was completed. This was the first instance where we were able to read the complete sequence of DNA from a human, as well as map all genes. https://www.genome.gov/human-genome-project ddaly
2003 First commercial use of quantum encryption zhenhe


2003 First Pentium 4 by Intel, 55 million transistors ndemarinis
2003 SQL Slammer worm - slows down the global internet traffic via DOS attack. Spread to roughly 75000 devices in 10 minutes https://www.zdnet.com/article/sql-slammer-worm-wreaks-havoc-on-internet/

Love, John. A Brief History of Malware — Its Evolution and Impact (lastline.com, 04/05/2018). https://www.lastline.com/blog/history-of-malware-its-evolution-and-impact/ Accessed 09/08/2020

mnurbekova

zjester (added more info and second source)

2003 Ruby on Rails invented at Basecamp https://basecamp.com/about sbaumgarten
2003 Amazon starts utilizing the internet for storage, and realize that they could provide web-storage as a service. Maurer, T., & Hinck, G. (2020). Cloud Security: A Primer for Policymakers (pp. 10-22, Rep.). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. doi:10.2307/resrep25787.8 acherkinsky
2003 Toyota begins selling Prius model in Japan that can automatically parallel park. Toyota Unveils Car That Parks Itself. 2003. http://www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/ptech/09/01/toyota.prius.reut/index.html. aaadkins
2003 Digital Pacemaker CLARKE, HELEN. "PACEMAKER GOES DIGITAL ; Braodgreen Pioneers CD Surgery: FIRST Edition." Liverpool Echo: 9. 2003. akshoop
2003 The completion of the human genome project Greenhalgh, Trisha. "The Human Genome Project." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 98.12 (2005). Web. xjjackson
2003 The hacktivist group Anonymous was formed. http://www.bustle.com/articles/65444-how-did-anonymous-start-the-history-of-the-mysterious-hacktivist-group-began-quite-some-time-ago ajmokotoff
2003 802.11g released https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11 hfang
2003 The Pirate Bay came online. Butland, Nicholas C., and Sullivan, Justin J. “Pirate Tales from the Deep (Web): An Exploration of Online Copyright Infringement in the Digital Age.” UMass Law Review 13.1 (2018): n. pag. Print. osanderson
2003 AMD released their first single core processor. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EMkcZ2UPuu95BAHkGAW1YPhDVI2GfyMJh1pEu-wmjy0/edit?usp=sharing nmbargman
2003 AMD releases Opteron line of processors, first desktop processors to support the x86_64 instruction set. https://www.vision-systems.com/home/article/16742885/amd-unveils-its-opteron-64bit-processor arobinson3
2003 Tesla Founded with one of their missions to create driverless cars www.tesla.com/about cctulig
2003 Factcheck.org is founded as one of the first major post-print fact checking organizations Kessler, G. (2018, August 15). The global boom in political fact checking. Retrieved April 02, 2021, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2014/06/13/the-global-boom-in-fact-checking/ aebolduc
2003 LCD’s outnumbered CRT’s in sales Kristyn Maslog-Levis, LCDs outsell CRTs in Q4 2003 (zdnet ,2004) https://www.zdnet.com/article/lcds-outsell-crts-in-q4-2003/ (9/3/2023) rkoffstein
2004 Spok had 6.6 million pagers in use https://www.wsj.com/articles/still-use-pagers-to-avoid-technology-burnout-1296d6e0 psjain
2004 Bluetooth 2.0 is released with an increased transfer speed up to 3Mbps Syed Rafid Kabir, Who Invented Bluetooth? Story of the Bit Bouncer, (History Cooperative, 02/26/2024), https://historycooperative.org/who-invented-bluetooth/ (3/31/2024) rnguyen
2004 Wireless fencing scoring equipment created https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/fencing-equipment6.htm ggsmith
2004 Volvo announces the first Blind Spot Information System (abbreviated "BLIS") for passenger cars. No Author, 2005 Volvo S60/V70/XC70 - New Safety Functions Including a Passenger-Car World's First: Blind Spot Information System, (Volvo Car USA, 6/15/2004) , https://www.media.volvocars.com/us/en-us/media/pressreleases/2042 (Accessed 4/2/21) jpoulos
2004 Facebook is Founded eapolekoff
2004 RepRap movement started by Adrian Bowyer. This was the start of the open source 3D printing craze. https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/history-of-3d-printing-milestones/ wgbahm
2004 The Spirit and Opportunity robotic rovers land on Mars eosowski
2004 IBM's creation "Embedded ViaVoice" and according to IBM, Honda is the first car manufacturer to equip automobiles with in-car navigation systems using advanced speech recognition and text-to-speech capabilities that can identify spoken street and city names that exist across the entire continental United States. Jesberg, Gina. "IBM Delivers New, World-Class In-Car Speech Recognition System for Navigation in 2005 Honda Cars." IBM News Room. IBM, 1 Sept. 2004. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. leantul


2004 Yahoo created its own search engine based on companies that it had previously acquired, such as Inktomi and Overture. Seymour, T., Frantsvog, D., & Kumar, S. (2011). History of search engines. International Journal of Management and Information Systems, 15(4), 47. hanguyen
2004 Cabir - the first known virus on mobile phones https://threatpost.com/ten-years-later-cabir-worms-place-in-history-is-unique/106679/

Love, John. A Brief History of Malware — Its Evolution and Impact (lastline.com, 04/05/2018). https://www.lastline.com/blog/history-of-malware-its-evolution-and-impact/ Accessed 09/08/2020

mnurbekova

zjester (added more info and second source)

2004 Hanson Robotics recreated PKD android (first android to utilize face perception, speech recognition, and intelligent conversation) akan
2004 Twitter is launched https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/twitter-launches ddaly
2004 First public release of Google. Google, From the garage to the Googleplex, https://about.google/intl/en_us/our-story/ agmavrotheris
2004 Google Suggest, the earliest iteration of Google's the predictive search feature, is first suggested as an experimental feature https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2004/12/ive-got-suggestion.html jethomas
2004 Nintendo releases its first touchscreen console, the Nintendo DS and it was offered in a variety of colors. It utilized game cards and had a built-in microphone, two LCD screens, and supported online gaming. Jeremy Parish, The DS saved Nintendo while destroying handheld gaming as we knew it (Polygon, 2018), https://www.polygon.com/2018/10/22/18000592/nintendo-ds-mobile-casual-gaming (Accessed 9/6/2020)

http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/4596/Nintendo-DS/

resallie, bplima
2004 Microsoft introduces the first SPOT smartwatch which has personalized gadgets and a monochrome pixel screen. The SPOT allowed users to receive emails and messages, but didn't have the ability to send emails/messages. https://www.engadget.com/2008-04-23-spot-watches-r-i-p-2004-2008.html ramcgovern, jcpatel
2004 ID Quantique makes the first commercial quantum cryptography/key distribution system available. “IDQ Celebrates 15 Years of Innovation.” ID Quantique, 30 Nov. 2016, www.idquantique.com/idq-celebrates-15-years-innovation/. rcsawka
2004 Vocaloid 1, a vocal concatenative synthesizing software is released in Japan. It allows a computer to synthesize singing using collected human vocal samples in a voice bank. Max McAllister, Vocaloid: Virtual Singers in Your DAW, (Produce Like a Pro, 16 Dec. 2020), https://producelikeapro.com/blog/vocaloid/ (01 Apr. 2021) jsalbert
2004 Bluetooth Technology was being shipped at 1 million devices a week https://www.invent.org/inductees/jaap-c-haartsen#:~:text=In%201994%2C%20he%20laid%20the,seemingly%20endless%20array%20of%20devices. crueda
2004 WoW is released, and would become one of the most popular MMOS of all time. (HeadphonesAddict, Aug 15, 20203), https://headphonesaddict.com/world-of-warcraft-player-count/ (September 9, 2023) cmfrench
2004 Galurung chess engine released developed by Tord Romstad https://www.chessprogramming.org/Glaurung Accessed 08/30/2023 abeck


2005 A modernized GPS satellite developed by Lockheed Martin was put into orbit around the Earth gmport
2005 In the second DARPA Grand Challenge 5 teams complete the off-road robotics course. eosowski
2005 YouTube is launched, hosting all kinds of music. The list includes official music videos, pirated music and homemade tunes.
2005 Discovery of CTE leads to public exposure of untreated concussions and shortcomings of NFL mhsultan
2005 Apple releases Mac OS X: Tiger. Tiger introduced more built in tools, such as a thesaurus and dictionary. It also provided voice capabilities for users with disabilities. aquartulli
2005 Apple switches to Intel x86-64 from PowerPC Maurice Jamieson, The Evolution of RISC Architecture, (EEPC University of Edinburgh, 11 April 2023), https://www.epcc.ed.ac.uk/whats-happening/articles/evolution-risc-architecture (31 August 2023) ehughsbaird
2005 Linus Torvalds creates Git, an open-source distributed version control system (DVCS), giving developers a free software management platform Chacon, Scott & Straub, Ben. “Pro Git.” (Apress 2009), https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-A-Short-History-of-Git (6 September 2020) omthode
2005 EyeOS, a virtual Operating, System is launched. Arutyunov, V V. “Cloud Computing: Its History of Development, Modern State, and Future Considerations.” Scientific and technical information processing 39.3 (2012): 173–178. Web. acherkinsky
2005 Revolutionizing the current DNA sequencing 454 GS 20 Roche sequencing platform was introduced with the ability to produce 20 mllion bases https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3917434/#:~:text=In%202000%2C%20Massively%20Parallel%20Signature,a%20paralleled%20version%20of%20pyrosequencing. ddaly
2005 Samsung introduces the SCH-B600, the first camera phone to pass 10mp, in Korea https://www.digitaltrends.com/web/samsung-launches-first-10mp-camera-phone/ bmheavey
2005 Canon introduces the 12.8mp 5d, the first DSLR to have a standard body type, roughly equal in size and shape to professional film cameras http://www.the-digital-picture.com/Reviews/Canon-EOS-5D-DSLR-Digital-Camera-Review.aspx bmheavey
2005 The specifications for the microSD memory card are finalized, measuring just 11mm x 15mm x 1mm. New microSD Memory Card, (Phys.org, 16 March 2005), https://phys.org/news/2005-03-microsd-memory-card-world.html, Accessed 5 September 2023. hzgandor
2005 Open-source collaboration with 3D printing was started via the RepRap Project. http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1308/147363514X13990346756481 , http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S026357471000069X. doi: 10.1017/S026357471000069X japayano, ncmorgan
2005 Blue Brain is born, a project to simulate the brain at molecular detail. http://bluebrain.epfl.ch/ allewis
2005 Wacom released a Cintiq tablet that raised the benchmarks for digital drawing. wtao


2005 Eben Upton, then Director of studies in Computer Science at St. John's College, Cambridge, noticed a drop in talent and number of computer engineering majors Severance, C. (2013). Eben upton: Raspberry pi. Computer, 46(10), 14-16. yychow
2005 Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) announced the first guidance, Authentication in an Internet Banking Environment, to enforce institutions that offer online banking to build strong security system. “Payment Security - Online Banking: FFIEC guidelines spur gold rush,” Electronic Payments International, No. 14, 2006. http://ezproxy.wpi.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/ trade-journals/payment-security-online-banking-ffiec-guidelines/docview/199263914/se-2?acc ountid=29120 czhang10
2005 Microsoft Xbox 360 released and was the first console to launch with wireless controllers. As the successor of Microsoft Xbox, it is the first console released in the seventh generation. The performance of the console is greatly enhanced comparing to the Xbox. An online store is introduced where user can purchase games and software. Microsoft also includes YouTube, Twitter and Facebook in Xbox 360, which makes it more than just a gaming console. Latter, in 2010, Kinect, used for motion control, is released. The SDK for Kinect is also released in 2011, allowing developers to develop interesting applications for it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xbox_360

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/history-of-video-games https://www.wired.com/2007/06/gallery-game-history/

mli2, bplima
2005 Estonia begins allowing citizens to vote online https://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2017/06/07/how-estonias-e-voting-system-could-be-the-future/ stgoldman
2005 Youtube was launched http://whois.domaintools.com/youtube.com mazyla
2005 AMD released their first dual core processor. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EMkcZ2UPuu95BAHkGAW1YPhDVI2GfyMJh1pEu-wmjy0/edit?usp=sharing nmbargman
2005 DARPA Grand Challenge www.businessinsider.com/google-driverless-car-history-photos-2016-10 cctulig
2005 Google Maps announced https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2005/02/mapping-your-way.html knguyen2
2005 Reddit is launched Pardes, Arielle. “The inside Story of Reddit's Redesign.” Wired, Conde Nast, 2 Apr. 2018, www.wired.com/story/reddit-redesign/. eobaker
2005 U.S. Missile Defense Agency halts all missile defense tests and programs due to three consecutive missile launch failures. http://ezproxy.wpi.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/missile-defense-tests-will-resume-fall/docview/463406610/se-2 (last retrieved March 19, 2023). kjlopez
2005 U.S. Missile Defense Agency’s independent review panel finds six technical issues in their missile defense program’s software preventing test missiles from launching and identifying balloon decoys. http://ezproxy.wpi.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/missile-defense-tests-will-resume-fall/docview/463406610/se-2 (last retrieved March 19, 2023). kjlopez
2005 Video game emulators gain official use as Nintendo announces the ability to play old NES, SNES, and N64 titles on the Wii through the Nintendo Virtual Console. Thebeau, Jake. “The History of Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) Emulation.” History Computer, 28 July 2023, https://history-computer.com/the-history-of-nintendo-entertainment-system-nes-emulation/. Accessed 3 Sept. 2023. nkwong
2006 Amazon launched Elastic Compute Cloud Commercial Service open for Everybody to use – kickstarting the era of offloading computation to the cloud. agupta9
2006 Microsoft releases Windows Vista. Vista focused more on security than any prior Windows OS. It also featured a new sleek look. aquartulli
2006 Leigh Hochberg implants a brain-computer interface into a tetraplegic patient, granting control over computer cursor and electronic device operation. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature04970 jhsu
2006 Nike+: Nike + iPod creates a better running experience. https://news.nike.com/news/nike-and-apple-launch-nike-ipod-sport-kit pmahurkar
2006 Amazon Web Services and Simple Storage “clouds” are launched. Maurer, T., & Hinck, G. (2020). Cloud Security: A Primer for Policymakers (pp. 10-22, Rep.). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. doi:10.2307/resrep25787.8 acherkinsky
2006 SLS leads to mass customizationf in manufacturing http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1308/147363514X13990346756481 japayano
2006 Hinton summarizes ideas of multilayer neural networks and training them to generate sensory data rather than to classify it mmohapatra
2006 Deep Boltzmann Machines Salakhutdinov and Hinton mmohapatra
2006 AMD acquires ATI Andrew Ross Sorkin, A.M.D. to Acquire ATI Technologies, https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/24/technology/24cnd-semi.html, 3.18.19 aecuriel
2006 Lexus adds self-parking system capable of parallel and angle parking to Lexus LS sedan. The Lexus LS460: It Really Does Park Itself. 2006. https://www.cars.com/articles/2006/09/ls_460_parking/ aaadkins
2006 Cornell University reveals its "Starfish" robot which is capable of self-modeling and learning how to walk after being damaged. eosowski
2006 Albert Gonzalez stole over 45 million payment cards used by customers of US retailer TJX, which owns TJ Maxx, and UK outlet TK Maxx. Attacks on this scale were unheard of and frightened the entire world. IT costed the company $256 million. What caused companies to start buying secure security system to cope with this new reality. http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/opinions/the-history-of-cybersecurity/ ajmokotoff
2006 Nike + iPod introduced a fitness tracking kit via a sensor imbedded in shoes Peters, Luke. "Nike + iPod Sport Kit." Personal Computer World 21 Sept. 2006. General OneFile. Web. 4 Sept. 2015. akshoop
2006 Guruji was created specifically to provide India with a search engine. Agarwal, M., & Round, D. K. (2011). The emergence of global search engines: Trends in history and competition. Competition Policy International, 7(1), 114-134. hanguyen
2006 During a TED Talk Jeff Han demos multitouch sensing though frustrated total internal reflection. This was a technique originally used for imaging finger prints. djbenson
2006 Upton started working at a company called Broadcom; in his free time, he worked towards developing the idea of low-cost computers. Severance, C. (2013). Eben upton: Raspberry pi. Computer, 46(10), 14-16. yychow
2006 12-Qubits are reached for quantum computing https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/05/060508164700.htm hfloreshuerta
2006 RSA Security releases RSA encryption algorithm into public domain prior to their patent expiration. Chidi, George. “RSA Releases Computer Security Patent.” CNN, 7 Sept. 2000, www.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/09/07/security.patent.release.idg/index.html. rcsawka


2006 Sony PlayStation 3 released. PlayStation 3, being the successor of Sony PlayStation 2, is the most powerful console at that time. The console offered an online gaming platform as well and sold different options with different amounts of storage. It also supports Blu-Ray video. PlayStation Move is later released in 2010. But it is not as successful as the Wii or the Kinect. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_3

https://www.wired.com/2007/06/gallery-game-history/

mli2, bplima
2006 Nvidia Geforce 8800 GTX released along with the Unified Architecture for shaders Ryan Shrout, NVIDIA GeForce 8800 GTX Review - DX10 and Unified Architecture, https://www.pcper.com/reviews/Graphics-Cards/NVIDIA-GeForce-8800-GTX-Review-DX10-and-Unified-Architecture?aid=319&type=expert&pid=5, 3.18.19 aecuriel
2006 Google Translate is released https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate mjgulbin
2006 Nintendo Wii released. Nintendo Wii, successor of GameCube, introduces infrared-camera and accelerometer on its Wii Remote Controller, which can detect the controller’s movement in 3D space. This creative feature makes Wii the fast selling console at that time. The console’s active play-style through the use of motion-controls helps it reach a wider audience https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wii, history.com Editors, Video Game History (A&E Television Networks, 2019), https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/history-of-video-games (Accessed 9/6/2020) mli2, resallie (modified)
2006 Release of Dwarf Fortress, a game that inspired dozens of other games and appears to be Turing-complete crmyers
2006 The PITCHf/x system is first used in the 2006 MLB postseason. It was able to measure the trajectory, speed, spin, break, and location of a pitched ball. http://baseball.physics.illinois.edu/FastPFXGuide.pdf gmmontana
2006 Amazon created subsidiary Amazon Web Services and introduced its Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) https://aws.amazon.com/cn/about-aws/whats-new/2006/08/24/announcing-amazon-elastic-compute-cloud-amazon-ec2---beta/ huang2
2006 A patient with a spinal cord injury lost the ability to move limbs. With the use of a "96-microelectrode array implanted in primary motor cortex", the patient was able to perform simple tasks like opening and closing a prosthetic hand. The researchers were also able to enable the patient to control a computer mouse and operate a television. Leigh R. Hochberg; Mijail D. Serruya; Friehs; Mukand; Saleh; Caplan; Branner; Chen; Penn; Donoghue (13 July 2006). Gerhard M. Friehs, Jon A. Mukand, Maryam Saleh, Abraham H. Caplan, Almut Branner, David Chen, Richard D. Penn and John P. Donoghue. "Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia". Nature. 442 (7099): 164–171. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..164H. doi:10.1038/nature04970 ajlee
2006 Spotify founded by Daniel Ek and Martin Lorentzon Gaël Branchereau, The story of Spotify: Sweden’s controversial king of music streaming, (The Local, March 2, 2018) https://www.thelocal.se/20180302/the-story-of-spotify-swedens-controversial-king-of-music-streaming (11/2/20) brdesousa
2006 NVIDIA Reveals CUDA Architecture Nancy Owano (Phys.org January 28, 2012) https://phys.org/news/2012-01-nvidia-cuda-parallel-platform.html (4/1/21) awhitney
2006 25 million views a day on youtube https://www.britannica.com/topic/YouTube amkwan
2006 The Netflix Prize competition to create a recommendation system is started https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netflix_Prize armorrison
January 4, 2007 USB Micro was announced by the USB Implementers Form; it would end up being used by a variety of different phone brands (such as Android) as a mobile phone charger. https://gct.co/usb-connector/usb-history-timeline zsperry
2007 The Amazon Kindle is released as the first E-reader. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2002/jan/03/ebooks.technology jaturcotte
2007

Pedometers begin changing from pendulum based counters to accelerometer based counters

Scarlett, J. (2007). Enhancing the performance of pedometers using a single accelerometer. Application Note, Analog Devices.

tjaskoviak
2007 Sun makes the bulk of Java open-sourced Martens, China. "The Bulk of Java is Open Sourced " GrnLight. Web. 2 April. 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20140527220942/http:/grnlight.net/index.php/programming-articles/115-javaone-sun-the-bulk-of-java-is-open-sourced emhess
2007 WPI becomes the first college to offer a BS in Robotics Engineering eosowski
2007 Nvidia releases Cuda GPU technology. computerhistory.org/timeline/graphics-games sdnorton
2007 LG announces the LG Prada, the first phone with a large capacitive touchscreen Stephen Temple, "Vintage Mobiles: LG Prada - First mobile with a capacitive touchscreen". http://www.gsmhistory.com/vintage-mobiles/#prada bnklaiman
2007 Apple Releases iPhone clhudson
2007 The iPhone is released, featuring the a multi-touch software keyboard

Modification: It lacked quite a few features that other smartphones had.

close.html (Accessed April 2, 2020) https://scrcxp.pdhi.com/Member/Home/Program/dff205f8-bf43-4de8-a29a-233a9023c0a8 History.com Editors, Steve Jobs debuts the iPhone, (A&E Television Networks, 2020), https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/steve-jobs-debuts-the-iphone accessed on 4/5/2021

Mossberg, Walter S., and Katherine Boehret. “Testing Out the IPhone.” Wall Street Journal, 28 June 2007, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118289311361649057.

jbbrown, bnklaiman, bstaw, wrlewis
2007 Facebook Launches 'Beacon' Service eapolekoff
2007 Microsoft debuts the Surface which was a large table top touchscreen interface, as well as the first iPhone is released. djbenson
2007 Chinook checkers program becomes unbeatable at checkers cpnota
2007 Six vehicles complete DARPA Urban Challenge in which they navigate through a 60 mile urban driving course while obeying traffic laws and navigating with other autonomous and human-driven vehicles. Autonomous Vehicle Technology: A Guide for Policymakers. Rand Corporation, 2014. Pg. 57 aaadkins
2007 Toshiba unveils NAND flash memory using chip stacking technology https://phys.org/news/2007-06-toshiba-nand-technology.html essmith
2007 Apple releases Mac OS X: Leopard. Leopard introduced remote access capabilities. It also introduced parental controls as well as the equivalent of a system restore called time machine. aquartulli
2007 Apple's release of iOS popularizes touch screen computing and the mobile GUI. tjnickerson
2007 A spear phishing incident at the Office of the Secretary of Defense steals sensitive U.S. defense information, leading to significant changes in identity and message-source verification at OSD. http://en.docsity.com/news/algorithms/origins-of-hacking-heartbleed ajmokotoff
2007 United Nations website hacked by Turkish Hacker Kerema125. http://www.digitaltrends.com/home/hackers-hit-un-site/ ajmokotoff
2007 Stanford Research Institute, or SRI, developed Siri as part of a large DARPA project known as the Personal Assistant that Learns (PAL) project. "Artificial Intelligence: CALO." SRI International - Timeline of Innovation. SRI International, n.d. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. leantul
2007 Protect America Act passed. Allows US government to intercept information travelling through nodes on US soil. G. A. Sinha, "NSA surveillance since 9/11 and the human right to privacy," Loyola Law Review, 2013. mttaylor
2007 The Fitbit is released, a wearable tracker attached to a belt or clipped onto clothing nbeeten
2007 Netflix expands its business to streaming video egouveia
2007 Netflix started streaming videos through its website http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/16/technology/16netflix.html mazyla
2007 Announcement of Ableton's collaboration with Cycling ’74, producers of Max/MSP
2007 Intel released the Core 2 Quad processor capable of 2.4 Ghz speeds. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EMkcZ2UPuu95BAHkGAW1YPhDVI2GfyMJh1pEu-wmjy0/edit?usp=sharing nmbargman
2007 Announcement of Scratch, a programming language for kids. https://en.scratch-wiki.info/wiki/Scratch sli11
2007 Google launches free online language translation, utilizing a system solely based on statistical translation methods. Greengard, Samuel, “Life, Translated,” Communications of the ACM, Vol. 54, No. 8 (Association for Computing Machinery, Aug. 2011), p19-21. kmpicho
2007 Sony designed the first commercial OLED TV Everything a TV should be: Sony XEL-1 OLED Television.(BEST OF WHAT’S NEW 2008: HOME ENTERTAINMENT). (2008). Popular Science (New York, N.Y.), 273(6), 33–. mchalmers
2007 Sanyo introduced the first drum type washing machine with "air wash", reducing the amount of water needed “Evolution of Washing Machines Timeline.” Timetoast, November 15, 1851. https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/evolution-of-washing-machines. amkwan
2007 IBM creates an open domain Q/A system named Watson. In 2011, Watson won Jeopardy and, in 2017, neurologists use it to identify RNA-binding proteins altered in ALS. Cedars-Sinai Staff, AI's Ascendance in Medicine: A Timeline, (Cedars-Sinai, Apr 20, 2023) https://www.cedars-sinai.org/discoveries/ai-ascendance-in-medicine.html, (Mar 17 2024) ekli
2007 Steve Jobs and the team at Macworld revealed the first iPhone https://simpletexting.com/where-have-we-come-since-the-first-smartphone/ hwang15
2007 Nvidia's CUDA platform, the earliest widely adopted programming model for GPU computing, was first introduced. amcutler
2008 HTC Dream releases with Android OS, which, unlike Apple's iOS, is not restricted to any one manufacturer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone#Form_factor_and_operating_system_shifts bnklaiman
2008 Beats by Dre is released https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/culture/a-history-of-headphone-design alate
2008 Fitbit Classic: First Fitbit Product to keep track of calories, steps, etc. pmahurkar
2008 Around 20 Chinese hackers claim to have gained access to the world's most sensitive sites, including the Pentagon. http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/03/07/china.hackers/ ajmokotoff, abeck
2008 DIY CO-creatin Servicen Lauches http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1308/147363514X13990346756481 japayano
2008 The Roomba robotic vacuum surpasses 2.5 million units sold eosowski
2008 1B-transistor GPU (GTX 200 Tesla) blammeson
2008 Shapeways launched allowing people to design their own parts or print parts designed by others on demand https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/history-of-3d-printing-milestones/ wgbahm
2008 Nvidia launches 3D Vision techspot.com/article/650-history-of-the-gpu/ sdnorton
2008 First i7 processor blammeson
2008 Apple captures 48% of the MP3 player market; SanDisk's Sansa, in second place, has only 8% http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/03/from-walkman-to-ipod-what-music-tech-teaches-us-about-innovation/253158/ wofrick
2008-2015 Intel Core Series dstapply
2008 Intel Atom, ultra-low voltage x86 processor using only 2W of power, compared to ~80W for a standard desktop CPU
2008 Koobface virus - one of the first PC viruses spread over social networks https://www.kaspersky.com/resource-center/definitions/what-is-the-koobface-virus

Love, John. A Brief History of Malware — Its Evolution and Impact (lastline.com, 04/05/2018). https://www.lastline.com/blog/history-of-malware-its-evolution-and-impact/ Accessed 09/08/2020

mnurbekova

zjester (edited for clarity and added second source)

2008 IDE (Intelligent Domotic Enviroment) conecpt is defined Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Automatica ed Informatica, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy dberardi
2008 Swype keyboard is shown for the first time, which allowed users to swipe their finger over letters to form words. https://www.engadget.com/2008/09/11/swype-finger-tracing-text-entry-seems-fast-hypnotic-and-magica/ (Accessed March 22, 2018) jbbrown
2008 Hulu, a major Netflix competitor was launched https://www.hulu.com/press/about/ mazyla
2008 BASE consistency model used as an alternative to ACID for NoSQL Keith D. Foote, A Brief History of Non-Relational Databases Retrieved August 29th 2019 from https://www.dataversity.net/a-brief-history-of-non-relational-databases/ bjaubuchon
2008 Github, a Git hosting website, is launched, allowing broader access Git’s features Wanstrath, Chris. “We Launched.” (Github, Inc., 2008), https://github.blog/2008-04-10-we-launched/ (6 September 2020) omthode
2008 Fitbit Classic is released as a fitness tracker to measure steps taken, calories burned, distance,and sleep. https://blog.blinq.com/tech-tips/compare-fitbit-models-best-fitbit-model/ ppatel2
2008 USB 3.0 released with data transfer rate of 5 gbps https://www.computerhope.com/history/usb.htm amishra2
2008 The head of Google, Eric Schmidt defines the term “cloud” for the first time in Internet conferences. Arutyunov, V V. “Cloud Computing: Its History of Development, Modern State, and Future Considerations.” Scientific and technical information processing 39.3 (2012): 173–178. Web. acherkinsky
2008 Google App Engine is launched, becoming the first major competitor to Amazon’s cloud. Maurer, T., & Hinck, G. (2020). Cloud Security: A Primer for Policymakers (pp. 10-22, Rep.). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. doi:10.2307/resrep25787.8 acherkinsky
2008 First 3D printed prosthetic leg created https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/history-of-3d-printing-milestones/ wgbahm
2008 Thingiverse launched as a hub for people to share their designs for others to print http://www.avplastics.co.uk/3d-printing-history wgbahm
2008 HP, Intel, Yahoo! Establish a computing lab opened globally: Cloud Computing Test Bed. Arutyunov, V V. “Cloud Computing: Its History of Development, Modern State, and Future Considerations.” Scientific and technical information processing 39.3 (2012): 173–178. Web. acherkinsky
2008 Developer(s) under the alias Satoshi Nakamoto publish papers describing Bitcoin. Soni, Neha. “Evolution of Blockchain.” Medium.com, 22 July 2020, https://medium.com/@nehasoni1812/evolution-of-blockchain-f243f7509fe6. drphillips
2009 Bluetooth 3.0 introduced incorporating higher speed data transfer up to 24Mbps Syed Rafid Kabir, Who Invented Bluetooth? Story of the Bit Bouncer, (History Cooperative, 02/26/2024), https://historycooperative.org/who-invented-bluetooth/ (3/31/2024) rnguyen
2009 Makerbot launches an FDM kit printer. This was the first truly accessible printer for hobbyists http://www.avplastics.co.uk/3d-printing-history wgbahm
2008 Apple opens the App Store on the iPhone, opening up the way to mobile gaming. Mark Cutmore, History of the Handheld Games Console (Science Museum, 2019), https://blog.sciencemuseum.org.uk/history-of-the-handheld-games-console/ (Accessed 9/7/2020) resallie
2008 Automatic Emergency breaking is introduced as standard for the Volvo XC60. Zahra Sari et. al, AEB Performance in the UK; A Decade of Development, (Thatcham Research ,6/7/17), https://trid.trb.org/view/1483883 and https://www-esv.nhtsa.dot.gov/Proceedings/25/25ESV-000290.pdf (Accessed 4/2/21) jpoulos
2008 Google Suggest, the earliest iteration of Google's predictive search, was added to the homepage 2008 blog by SearchEnglineLand, a blog dedicated to search optimization - https://searchengineland.com/googlecom-finally-gets-google-suggest-feature-14626 jethomas
2008 University of Leeds invented a washing machine that uses only one cup of water “Evolution of Washing Machines Timeline.” Timetoast, November 15, 1851. https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/evolution-of-washing-machines. amkwan
2008 Google App Engine is launched, becoming the first major competitor to Amazon’s cloud. Maurer, T., & Hinck, G. (2020). Cloud Security: A Primer for Policymakers (pp. 10-22, Rep.). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. doi:10.2307/resrep25787.8 acherkinsky
2008 Facebook launched on IOS https://www.businessofapps.com/data/facebook-statistics/ amkwan
2008 The Wireless Power Consortium adopted the Qi standard which standardizes how devices can charge inductively GLOBAL QI STANDARD POWERS UP WIRELESS CHARGING, (Electro Manufacturing, Vol. 23, Iss. 10, 10/01/2010) https://www.proquest.com/docview/755113539 (09/04/2023) akzhang
2008 Marco Costalba modified the Galurung engine and created the most widely used chess engine as of 2023, Stockfish https://stockfishchess.org/about/ Accessed 08/30/2023 abeck
2009 Facebook Shuts Down 'Beacon' Service eapolekoff
2009 Pinellas County Sherriff’s Office created a forensic database in 2009. It allowed officials to access the photo archines of the state’s Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. https://www.tbnweekly.com/pinellas_county/article_0069da0a-33b3-5feb-ab8e-65c148d8b48a.html mjzeolla
2009 The Zoll Lifevest a body-worn device with a built-in defribrillator that monitors heart rhythm and can predict cardiac arrest. Wearables in MedTech: Past, Present & Future. (n.d.). Retrieved August 30, 2018, from https://www.itlmedical.com/news/wearables-in-medtech-past-present-future pappikatla
2009 Bitcoin, the first decentralized cryptocurrency, is created. https://bitcoin.org/en/faq snkim
2009 Google Self Driving-Car Project, Waymo https://www.waymo.com/journey/ chnguyen, cctulig
2009 IBM establishes a private cloud. Maurer, T., & Hinck, G. (2020). Cloud Security: A Primer for Policymakers (pp. 10-22, Rep.). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. doi:10.2307/resrep25787.8 acherkinsky
2009 Google Suggestis given an upgrade 2009 blog Google detailing the changes made after the launch of Google Suggest - https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/05/faster-is-better-on-google-suggest.html jethomas
2009 Release of Imagenet, a massive computer vision dataset https://www.ibm.com/topics/computer-vision jacurtis2
2009 Apple releases Mac OS X: Snow Leopard. Snow Leopard addressed issues with compatibility, OS size, and speed. aquartulli
2009 Microsoft releases Windows 7. 7 featured different ways to work with the windows themselves, which made it even easier to use. aquartulli
2009 W200 Wrist Computer http://www.glaciercomputer.com/press-w200.html akshoop
2009 802.11n released https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11 hfang
2009 Google builds self-driving car.
http://www.popsci.com/cars/article/2013-09/google-self-driving-car
allewis
2009

The first Fitbit is released, soon to be one of the most popular pedometer/activity trackers

tjaskoviak
2009

IBM published their first white paper on cloud computing

snkim
2009 Bing, which was previously known as Live Search, Windows Live Search and MSN Search, was created. It allowed specifically for the user to search and search suggestions would also appear. Seymour, T., Frantsvog, D., & Kumar, S. (2011). History of search engines. International Journal of Management and Information Systems, 15(4), 47. hanguyen
2009 DIY kits for 3D printers Enter the Marketplace http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1308/147363514X13990346756481 japayano
2009 Pinellas Couty Sherriff's Offices creates a database allowing pictures of suspects to be checked aganst "photo archives of the state's Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles" https://www.facefirst.com/blog/brief-history-of-face-recognition-software/ sgubrud
2009 The patent for FDM printing expires https://patents.google.com/patent/US5121329A/en ncmorgan
2009 Non-profit Raspberry Pi Foundation founded by Eben Upton and colleagues Severance, C. (2013). Eben upton: Raspberry pi. Computer, 46(10), 14-16. yychow
2009 Satoshi Nakamoto releases Bitcoin whitepaper https://101blockchains.com/history-of-blockchain-timeline/#prettyPhoto/0/ ieroshenko
2009 Hewlett-Packard is given the IEEE Milestone in Electrical and Engineering and Computing award for the accomplishments of the HP-35. http://www.vintagecalculators.com/html/the_hp-35_calculator.html pbcoady
2009 Ableton's “Max for Live” announced
2009 AMD released the first processor to break 3 GHz commercially. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EMkcZ2UPuu95BAHkGAW1YPhDVI2GfyMJh1pEu-wmjy0/edit?usp=sharing nmbargman
2009 Zues botnet discovered, having already infected 3.6 million devices https://www.networkworld.com/article/2260410/america-s-10-most-wanted-botnets.html twhite


2009 The Zoll Lifevest a body-worn device with a built-in defribrillator that monitors heart rhythm and can predict cardiac arrest. Wearables in MedTech: Past, Present & Future. (n.d.). Retrieved August 30, 2018, from https://www.itlmedical.com/news/wearables-in-medtech-past-present-future pappikatla
2009 Netflix prize is won https://www.netflixprize.com/ armorrison
2009 Push notifications introduced for Android and IOS https://onesignal.com/what-are-push-notifications amkwan
2009 a Go8 report suggests incorporating data science as a keystone in K-12 education Longbing Cao, Data science: A comprehensive overview, Article 43 (ACM Computing Surveys, June 2017), 42 pages https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3076253 armorrison
2010 Bluetooth 4.0 released introducing a low energy model (LE) Syed Rafid Kabir, Who Invented Bluetooth? Story of the Bit Bouncer, (History Cooperative, 02/26/2024), https://historycooperative.org/who-invented-bluetooth/ (3/31/2024) rnguyen
2010 Next Generation GPS Control Segment (OCX) contracted to Raytheon Company, Intelligence & Information Systems, for a 73 month development to modernize the GPS system gmport
2010 Stuxnet warm attack on Iranian nuclear facilities. Disabled and damaged production devices. Rumored to be designed by the U.S. government http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2015/ph241/holloway1/

Love, John. A Brief History of Malware — Its Evolution and Impact (lastline.com, 04/05/2018). https://www.lastline.com/blog/history-of-malware-its-evolution-and-impact/ Accessed 09/08/2020

mnurbekova

zjester (added more info and second source)

2010 Arduino Uno is released https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arduino_boards_and_compatible_systems amartinez
2010 Development of RISC-V begins at UC Berkeley RISC-V International, History of RISC-V, (RISC-V International, unknown), http://riscv.org/about/history/ (31 August 2023) ehughsbaird
2010 First 1B-transistor CPU card (Oracle Sparc T3, 16-core)
blammeson
2010 There were estimated to be over 1.9 billion web surfers worldwide dtocco
2010 As a "fundamental shift in search", Google Suggest is replaced with Google Instant, the feature that attempts to complete your search query as you type. 2010 blog by SearchEnglineLand, a blog dedicated to search optimization - https://searchengineland.com/google-instant-complete-users-guide-50136 jethomas
2010 Robonaut 2 is sent to the International Space Station, it is the first humanoid robot in space eosowski
2010 Sales of stand-alone cameras peak at approximately 120 million units, sales have fallen in each year since. http://www.cipa.jp/stats/documents/common/cr200.pdf bmheavey
2010 The Apple iPad is released. djbenson
2010 Instagram was released as a mobile photo-sharing social network site. Over time, it evolves to include short video content through Instagram Stories and IGTV. rding2, xxiao
2010 Players of the French team use chess engine to cheat in the World Chess Olympiad. http://www.fide.com/images/stories/NEWS_2012/FIDE/FIDE_Ethics_Commission_Judgement_in_the_case_French_Team.pdf wavanrensselaer
2010 Palmer Luckey designs the first Oculus Rift prototype https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/augmented-reality-immersive-technology-university-of-ontario,3630-3.html ejwerlinich
2010 First 4G capable phone released http://www.wirelesshistoryfoundation.org/wireless-history-project/wireless-history-timeline zrrobbins
2010 The release of the Kinect brings gesture recognition devices to the consumer's living room. http://gizmodo.com/5563148/microsoft-xbox-360-kinect-launches-november-4 djkiourtsis
2010 Narrative Science creates computer program Quill writes a news story based on numerical sports or financial data.
http://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2013/09/10/how-many-jobs-could-narrative-sciences-robot-writing-tech-do/
allewis


2010 Nintendo Wii U released. Wii U is the first console released in the eighth generation. It is the first Nintendo console that support HD graphics. Wii U Gamepad, the controller of Wii U, features an additional touch screen that can be used as either an addition to the main display, or as a portable screen for games directly.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wii_U
mli2
2010 Kilobots are first created, the cheap and demonstrably collective bots are some of the first true swarm robots.
https://spectrum.ieee.org/kilobots-are-cheap-enough-to-swarm-in-the-thousands
nzsmith


2010 to 2011 According to the Standford Research Institute, Apple acquired the company in 2010, and in 2011 Siri was unveiled as an integrated feature of the iPhone 4S. 9. "Artificial Intelligence: CALO." SRI International - Timeline of Innovation. SRI International, n.d. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. leantul
2010 Nest, the first smart thermostat, is created to be a more appealing and user-friendly alternative to the clunky smart home systems available. http://mashable.com/2015/01/08/smart-home-tech-ces/#94RaVgOCkkqc mjmcdonald
2010 First International Cloud Computing Congress is held. Arutyunov, V V. “Cloud Computing: Its History of Development, Modern State, and Future Considerations.” Scientific and technical information processing 39.3 (2012): 173–178. Web. acherkinsky
2010 The first Bitcoin purchase 10,000BTC takes place https://101blockchains.com/history-of-blockchain-timeline/#prettyPhoto/0/ ieroshenko
2010 Facebook implements face recognition to organize photos and recognize other users https://www.nec.co.nz/market-leadership/publications-media/a-brief-history-of-facial-recognition/ ecnerden, mjzeolla
2010 OMB issues "cloud first" mandate, requiring agencies to identify three services to move to the cloud and retire associated legacy systems. https://gcn.com/articles/2013/05/30/gcn30-timeline-cloud.aspx rhuang2


2010 OnLive cloud gaming service is released https://web.archive.org/web/20100312043136/http://blog.onlive.com/2010/03/10/onlive-coming-to-a-screen-near-you/ acdesveaux
2010 Sony Ericsson introduces the LiveView Watch. https://www.engadget.com/2010-12-01-sony-ericsson-liveview-review.html ramcgovern
2010 Sony releases Playstation Move https://blog.playstation.com/2010/06/15/this-changes-everything-playstation-move-available-september-19-2010/#:~:text=With%20the%20launch%20of%20the,2010%2C%20this%20truly%20changes%20everything. nsjurovich
2010 Facebook launced on Android https://www.businessofapps.com/data/facebook-statistics/ amkwan
2010 The iPhone 4, the first modern smartphone with a front facing camera, is announced at Apple’s Worldwide Developers Conference in San Francisco. Helft, Miguel and Jenna Wortham, “On Newest iPhone, Another Camera”, (New York Times, 7 June 2010), https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/08/technology/08apple.html (5 Sept. 2021) jrmalcarne
2010 Bluetooth Low Energy was released allowing smaller devices longer battery life https://www.headphonesty.com/2021/01/bluetooth-versions/ crueda
2010 Nvidia partners with Audi to power their cars' dashboards with the Tegra GPU. https://news.softpedia.com/news/NVIDIA-Tegra-Inside-Every-Audi-2010-Vehicle-131529.shtml amcutler
2011 Motorola releases the Atrix 4G, the first smartphone with a fingerprint reader https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone#2011 bnklaiman
2011 NIST publishes the government’s definition of “cloud”. Maurer, T., & Hinck, G. (2020). Cloud Security: A Primer for Policymakers (pp. 10-22, Rep.). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. doi:10.2307/resrep25787.8 acherkinsky
2011 The Obama administration launch the “cloud first” program for the federal government to virtualize their data. Maurer, T., & Hinck, G. (2020). Cloud Security: A Primer for Policymakers (pp. 10-22, Rep.). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. doi:10.2307/resrep25787.8 acherkinsky
2011 Apple releases Max OS X: Lion. Lion provides applications that increase ease of use and user experience. It also features a fast way to share files between nearby Macs. aquartulli
2011 David Duerson commits suicide and leaves note asking his brain be used for research on TBI relating concussions mhsultan
2011 Stanford University launched three MOOCs(massive open online course). zwu2
2011 Worlds first 3D printed Robotic Aircraft http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1308/147363514X13990346756481 japayano
2011 3D printing in Gold and Silver http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1308/147363514X13990346756481 japayano


2011 Worlds first 3D-printed Car http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1308/147363514X13990346756481 japayano
2011 Urbee, a 3D printed Car prototype is unveiled http://www.avplastics.co.uk/3d-printing-history wgbahm
2011 University of Pittsburgh research team develops 1.5nm transistor
2011 Zeus Virus steal banking credentials and other personal information via keylogging https://usa.kaspersky.com/resource-center/threats/zeus-virus

Love, John. A Brief History of Malware — Its Evolution and Impact (lastline.com, 04/05/2018). https://www.lastline.com/blog/history-of-malware-its-evolution-and-impact/ Accessed 09/08/2020

mnurbekova

zjester (added info and second source)

2011 Siri is shown off at a conference for the first time under Apple

Modification: It was released with the iPhone 4S and this was the first time a cell phone had an AI assistant.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/22/siri-do-engine-apple-iphone_n_2499165.html

Angadala, Vamsee. “The Rise of AI Digital Assistants on Smartphones.” IGadgetsworld, 20 May 2019, https://www.igadgetsworld.com/ai-digital-assistants-smartphones/#:~:text=It%20was%20the%20year%202011%2C%20and%20for%20everyone%E2%80%99s,made%20it%20available%20in%20the%20MacOS%20Sierra%20too.

nmmuesch, wrlewis
2011 Apple introduces Thunderbolt on its computers amishra2
2011 Watson, IBM's computer, wins Jeopardy against Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter, the previous Jeopardy champions. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P18EdAKuC1U, Aviv Gaon, The Singularity is Near, http://wpi.aci.info/view/15af7f26c8c00100002/15b4709e35500015c3ad447 nmmuesch, rjsthilaire
2011 Fitbit accidentally releases statisctics about users sexual encounters https://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2011/07/05/fitbit-moves-quickly-after-users-sex-stats-exposed/#1dc8fc4d4327 nbeeten
2011 Bank of America website got hacked by a Turkish hacker named JeOPaRDY. An estimated 85,000 credit card numbers and accounts were reported to have been stolen http://spicy-dj.blogspot.com/p/youth-hacking.html ajmokotoff
2011 Nintendo released the Nintendo 3DS, a handheld console that could produced 3D graphics without 3D glasses. https://www.gamespot.com/gallery/a-visual-history-of-the-nintendo-3ds/2900-169/#22 bplima
2011 CIA kills Anwar al-Awlaki, a US citizen living in Yemen, who was involved with the terrorist group al-Qaeda. This sparks controversy about drones killing US citizens. http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
2011 Microsoft acquires Skype, a popular video and audio communication platform, for $8.5 billion. BBC News, “Microsoft confirms takeover of Skype”, (BBC, 10 May 2011), https://www.bbc.com/news/business-13343600 (5 Sept. 2021) jrmalcarne
2011 Twitch was created (modern online live streaming) https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110606005437/en/Justin.tv-Launches-TwitchTV-World%E2%80%99s-Largest-Competitive-Video mssensat
2011 Jawbone, another big pedometer contender releases their first version of the UP tracker tjaskoviak
2011 Wimm One is released as the first Android-powered watch. https://www.smartwatchfor.com/wimm-one/ ramcgovern
2011 Raspberry Pi Foundation designs a board that turned a BCM 2835 (computer chip with ARM microprocessor) into a mini-single board computer Severance, C. (2013). Eben upton: Raspberry pi. Computer, 46(10), 14-16. yychow


2012 The Oculus Rift kickstarter was launched, raising $2.4million [6], multitudes more than its goal of $250k [6] and even the pre-reduced goal of $500k [2] [6] Oculus, “Oculus Rift: Step Into the Game”, 2012, https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1523379957/oculus-rift-step-into-the-game [2] 2. Peter Rubin, “The Inside Story of Oculus Rift and How Virtual Reality Became Reality”, May 2014, https://www.wired.com/2014/05/oculus-rift-4/ tgdanielski
2012 The Curiosity Rover lands on Mars, it is the largest and most advanced Mars rover to date eosowski
2012 A patent is filed for managing personal heath information electronically US20140136233 A1 nbeeten
2011 Datavisualization language D3 is released https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D3.js armorrison
2011 Private company Emotiv is founded in Australia in 2011. They develop EEG based headsets for consumers and researchers, and the different headsets come with a variety of functions. For example, the Emotiv Insight is a wireless headset that records electronic activity in the users' head, and analyzes it for complex metrics like measuring emotions, physical motions, and facial expressions. emotiv.com/insight/ ajlee
2011 Google releases the Chromebook, which runs on Google Chrome OS. Wikipedia, "Chromebook", (Wikipedia, 2022), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromebook (03/21/2022) kromanova
2012 NVIDIA Reveals Kepler Architecture https://www.nvidia.com/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/Data-Center/tesla-product-literature/NVIDIA-Kepler-GK110-GK210-Architecture-Whitepaper.pdf (4/1/21) awhitney
2012 Google reveals project glass, a head mounted display designed to act as a simple computer. Goldman, D. (2012). Google unveils project glass virtual-reality glasses. Money (CNN), 4. djkiourtsis
2012 3D printed prosthetic jaw implanted http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1308/147363514X13990346756481 japayano
2012 Windows 8 is released, featuring a redesigned start menu and a more touch based interface. It received mixed critical reception, with many citicizing the removal of the start menu. rdomanico
2012 Google car becomes first self-driving car to earn license plate in US How Google's Autonomous Car Passed the First U.S. State Self-Driving Test. 2014. http://spectrum.ieee.org/transportation/advanced-cars/how-googles-autonomous-car-passed-the-first-us-state-selfdriving-test aaadkins
2012 Pebble Smartwatch https://blog.getpebble.com akshoop
2012 Microsoft Surface https://news.microsoft.com/2012/10/16/microsoft-announces-new-surface-details/ nzhang2
2012 Oculus Founded https://www.wired.com/2014/05/oculus-rift-4/ ajdooner
2012 Oculus announced the Oculus Rift on Kickstarter https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1523379957/oculus-rift-step-into-the-game kshah2
2012

Nike releases their wrist band tracker Nike+ Fuelband, the current version of Nike pedometer/activity trackers

tjaskoviak
2012 At 25 pounds or 30 USD, the Raspberry Pi (Model B) became massively popular with 100,000 units sold within the first day. Upton, E., Duntemann, J., Roberts, R., Mamtora, T., & Everard, B. (2016). Learning computer architecture with Raspberry Pi. yychow
2012 Cloud computing makes Siri “smarter”. https://www.petri.com/cloud-improving-siri-in-ios6 rhuang2
2012 Release of Google Now. https://time.com/google-now/ agmavrotheris
2012 Hexoskin launches clothing that included textile sensors to measure an heart rate, breathing, and active intensity. https://www.hexoskin.com/pages/monitoring-sleep-with-hexoskin ppatel2
2012 Department of Defense Cloud Computing Strategy moves the government data to commercial cloud infrastructure. Cyber security is increased, but the private cloud is not yet implemented. Dudash, S. (2016). The Department of Defense and the Power of Cloud Computing: Weighing Acceptable Cost versus Acceptable Risk (pp. 11-13, Rep.). Air University Press. Retrieved April 1, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep13826.11 acherkinsky
2012 Tesla Model S, First Commercial Level 2 Autonomy Car (Partial Automation) www.howtogeek.com/401759/what-are-the-different-self-driving-car-levels-of-autonomy/ cctulig
2012 Autodesk released cloud-based Autodesk 360 series. Alexis Barnhorn, Laura Caudill, 60 years of CAD Infographic: The History CAD since 1957 (CADENAS, 2018), https://partsolutions.com/60-years-of-cad-infographic-the-history-of-cad-since-1957/ kwang8
2012 Youtube Mobile launched using RTSP streaming for the video https://wiredelta.com/how-was-youtube-developed/#:~:text=When%20the%20era%20of%20smartphones,5%20000%20000%20000%20downloads! amkwan
September 12, 2012 Apple introduced the Lightning connector, a mobile phone charger exclusive to Apple devices such as iPhones and iPads; these would also be used to charge Air Pods later on. https://www.techradar.com/news/computing/apple/apple-lightning-connector-what-you-need-to-know-1106884 zsperry
2012 Invention of Alexnet, a large-scale convolutional neural network trained on Imagenet https://www.ibm.com/topics/computer-vision jacurtis2
2012 Google introduces the world to Google Glass Farr, Christina. “One of Google’s Most Embarrassing Flops Is Turning into a Real Business.” CNBC, 11 Apr. 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/11/google-glass-becoming-surprise-success.html. javieira
2012 Time magazine names Google Glass as one of the “Best Inventions of the Year” Robson, Kurt. “Google Glass Is Back after Failing Hard the First Time around – Is the World Ready?” Verdict, 20 July 2022, https://www.verdict.co.uk/google-testing-augmented-reality-glasses-after-failure-of-google-glass/. javieira
2013

Internet.org, an initiative between Facebook and 6 other companies to bring affordable Internet access to all, is launched.

http://techcrunch.com/2013/08/20/facebook-internet-org/ zrrobbins
2013 Pebble kickstarter programmable smartwatch hits the market hsahay
2013 Project Loon begins, where Google aims to provide Internet to the entire world through the use of stratospheric balloons https://www.google.com/loon/where/ zrrobbins
2013 Defense Distributed launches a fully 3D printed gun, igniting outrage and debate about the potential of this technology http://www.avplastics.co.uk/3d-printing-history wgbahm
2013 NFL to pay $765 million to settle lawsuits against them for hiding dangers of football mhsultan
2013 Microsoft Surface Pro http://www.tabletpccomparison.net/microsoft-surface-windows-8-pro nzhang2
2013 Google Glass makes its debut on the market for $1500 Leswing, Kif. “Google Ends Enterprise Sales of Google Glass, Its Augmented Reality Smartglasses.” CNBC, 15 Mar. 2023, https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/15/google-discontinues-google-glass-enterprise-end-to-early-ar-project.html. javieira
2013 Valve Corporation creates low-persistence display technology, subsequently used by many VR companies https://techreport.com/review/25533/not-quite-live-blog-panel-discussion-with-john-carmack-tim-sweeney-johan-andersson/ ejwerlinich
2013 Cryptolocker ransomware locks down target systems Love, John. A Brief History of Malware — Its Evolution and Impact (lastline.com, 04/05/2018). https://www.lastline.com/blog/history-of-malware-its-evolution-and-impact/ Accessed 09/08/2020 zjester
2013 802.11ac released https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11 hfang
2013 Microsoft Surface 2 & Surface Pro 2 http://www.gizmag.com/surface-2-vs-surface-pro-2/29484/ nzhang2
2013 First 4K graphics cards (GTX 700-series) blammeson
2013 Innovega iOptik http://www.theverge.com/2013/1/10/3863550/innovega-augmented-reality-glasses-contacts-hands-on ; http://innovega-inc.com/new-architecture.php akshoop
2013 GitHub releases Atom Shell (now Electron), a framework used for developing GUI applications using web technologies (HTML, JavaScript, etc.). tjnickerson
2013 Bitcoin marketplace surpasses $1 Billion. Vitalik Buterin releases Ethereum whitepaper https://101blockchains.com/history-of-blockchain-timeline/#prettyPhoto/0/ ieroshenko


2013 Microsoft Xbox One released. As the successor of Xbox 360, Xbox One is defined as ‘all-in-one entertainment system’. It brings an upgrade in processing power comparing to Xbox 360. It also supports live television programs as well as other multimedia programs such as Twitch and Netflix. Eventually, a console capable of 4K was released in 2017 called the Xbox One X. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xbox_One

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/history-of-video-games

mli2, bplima


2013 Sony PlayStation 4 released. As an upgrade of Sony PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4 has an upgraded hardware and supports 4K media playback. Sony also launched PlayStation VR in 2016, which added virtual reality support to PlayStation 4. The console was upgraded three years later and was the first console to support 4K, it was called the PlayStation 4 Pro. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_4

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/history-of-video-games

mli2, bplima
2013 Home automation takes a seat at the forefront of the yearly CES convention as major brands like Belkin start producing devices to compete with smaller startups. http://mashable.com/2015/01/08/smart-home-tech-ces/#94RaVgOCkkqc mjmcdonald
2013 USB 3.1 released with data transfer rate of 10 gbps https://www.computerhope.com/history/usb.htm amishra2
2013 Netflix starts producing its own original shows https://qz.com/887010/netflix-nflx-launched-streaming-video-10-years-ago-and-changed-the-way-we-watch-everything/ mazyla
2013 Ableton Push released
2013 United Nations releases a dataset in which states 6 billion people have access to mobile phones compared to 4.5 billion having access to toilets/latrines. https://news.un.org/en/story/2013/03/435102-deputy-un-chief-calls-urgent-action-tackle-global-sanitation-crisis cvieira
2013 G-cluster Debuts the Ultimate Cloud Gaming Machine https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cloud-gaming-is-now-g-cluster-debuts-the-ultimate-cloud-gaming-machine-at-ces-2013-184944381.html rhuang2
2013 Fitbit releases fitness watch/ tracker to include a display. https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/10/4821200/fitbit-force-price-availability-fitness-tracker ppatel2
2013 Release of Google Cast. https://developers.google.com/cast/docs/release-notes#v1.0 agmavrotheris
2013 Apple announces the Touch ID feature in its iPhone 5s Ahmad A. Al-Daraiseh, et al., “Effectiveness of Iphone’s Touch IF: KSA Case Study”, (International Journal of Advanced Computer Sciences and Applications, January 2015), Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 154-156, mpkelly


2013 Miguel Nicolelis of Duke University created an electronic interface that allowed two rats' brains to be connected, bringing huge development to the possibility of direct communication between human nervous systems. Pais-Vieira, Miguel; Lebedev, Mikhail; Kunicki, Carolina; Wang, Jing; Nicolelis, Miguel A.L. (28 February 2013). "A Brain-to-Brain Interface for Real-Time Sharing of Sensorimotor Information". Scientific Reports. 3: 1319. Bibcode:2013NatSR...3E1319P. doi:10.1038/srep01319 ajlee
2013 Thom Yorke pulls solo and joint albums from Spotify, citing negativity for artists Thom Yorke pulls albums from Spotify (BBC, July 15, 2013) https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-23313445 (11/2/20) brdesousa
2013 Vine, a platform for creating and sharing 6-second looping videos, is launched. It gains significant popularity, especially among younger users, and paves the way for other short-video platforms. xxiao
2013 Experience API or xAPI is released as a successor to SCROM. It allowed teachers to monitor student activity within assignments. M. Manso-Vázquez, M. Caeiro-Rodríguez and M. Llamas-Nistal, "An xAPI Application Profile to Monitor Self-Regulated Learning Strategies," in IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 42467-42481, 2018, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2860519 elevin
2014 Oculus was bought by Facebook for a total of $3billion [3] [3] 3. Nick Wingfield and Mike Isaac, “Mark Zuckerberg, in Suit, Testifies in Oculus Intellectual Property Trial”, Jan 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/17/technology/mark-zuckerberg-oculus-trial-virtual-reality-facebook.html tgdanielski
2014 Elixir programming language 1.0 released. Elixir is based on a long standing telecoms language, Erlang, and provides many features for web and soft real time programming. https://elixir-lang.org/blog/2014/09/18/elixir-v1-0-0-released/ rmschade
2014 DeepFace and DeepID utilize deep neural networks for facial recognition, revolutionizing the field. M. Wang, W. Deng, “Deep Face Recognition Survey”, Aug 2020, arXiv:1804.06655 cjmclaughlin, mjzeolla
2014 The Bitcoin exchanged Mt.Gox filed for bankruptcy after $460 million was stolen by hackers and another $27.4 million went missing form it's bank accounts http://www.wired.com/2014/03/bitcoin-exchange/ ajmokotoff
2014 Game personalization through facial expressions proposed at AIIDE Conference txvu
2014 Tommy Hilfiger releases its first solar power wearable technology https://www.forbes.com/sites/rachelarthur/2014/11/20/tommy-hilfigers-solar-powered-jacket-wearable-tech-in-review/#32ab885d566b pmahurkar
2014 Open Whisper Systems introduced the second version of TextSecure Protocol, which added end-to-end encrypted group chat and instant messaging capabilities to TextSecure. https://threatpost.com/textsecure-sheds-sms-in-latest-version/104456/ xlyu
2014 USB-C connector introduced https://gct.co/usb-connector/usb-history-timeline#:~:text=USB%20(Universal%20Serial%20Bus)%20was,of%20serial%20and%20parallel%20ports amishra2
2014 ESP8266 WiFi chip released in China, costing dollars. Opened doorway for IoT integration due to low cost and lack of need for microcontroller. http://esp8266.net/ amartinez
2014 Microsoft Surface Pro 3 http://www.tabletpccomparison.net/microsoft-surface-pro-3 nzhang2
2014 Cynthia Dwork and Aaron Roth author The Algorithmic Foundations of Differential Privacy, detailing the significance and implementation of Differential Privacy as an essential tool for the future of large, published datasets. jsalido
2014 White House computer system was hacked by Russians http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/26/us/russian-hackers-read-obamas-unclassified-emails-officials-say.html?_r=0 ajmokotoff
2014 Amazon proposes using drone to deliver packages to customers. Around the same time, other areas are beginning to utilize drones such as farming, animal conservation, environmental protection, and real-estate. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/12/131202-drone-uav-uas-amazon-octocopter-bezos-science-aircraft-unmanned-robot/ addresser
2014 Backoff virus steals credit card data. Love, John. A Brief History of Malware — Its Evolution and Impact (lastline.com, 04/05/2018). https://www.lastline.com/blog/history-of-malware-its-evolution-and-impact/ Accessed 09/08/2020 zjester
2014 Myo Armband http://www.tomshardware.com/news/thalmic-labs-myo-armband-ces,28385.html akshoop
2014 Apple watch announced. On sale in 2015 hsahay
2014 After the release of the Raspberry Pi Model B+, more than two million boards had been sold. Upton, E., Duntemann, J., Roberts, R., Mamtora, T., & Everard, B. (2016). Learning computer architecture with Raspberry Pi. yychow
2014 Documents leaked by Edward Snowden show that the NSA is seeking quantum computing technology for cryptography purposes hfloreshuerta
2014 Facebook buys Oculus for $2.3 billion https://about.fb.com/news/2014/03/facebook-to-acquire-oculus/ kshah2
2014 Pepper was created (the first emotionally intelligent robot) akan
2014 Sony announces "Project Morpheus", the codename for Playstation VR https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidthier/2014/03/18/sony-announces-virtual-reality-headset-for-ps4/?sh=38b8fae51639 ejwerlinich
2014 Google purchases Nest for $3.2 billion, and Samsung acquires SmartThings (another competing smart home company) http://mashable.com/2015/01/08/smart-home-tech-ces/#94RaVgOCkkqc mjmcdonald
2014 First Amazon Echo/Alexa is released https://spectrum.ieee.org/consumer-electronics/gadgets/the-consumer-electronics-hall-of-fame-amazon-echo-dot ecnerden
2014 Apple announces the creation of iHome Kit, its API for smart home devices. http://mashable.com/2015/01/08/smart-home-tech-ces/#94RaVgOCkkqc mjmcdonald
2014 Google releases the Google Cardboard, a simple, do-it-yourself project that a phone is put in and used as a VR headset. https://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/google-cardboard-everything-you-need-to-know-1277738 bmwaid
2014 Ethereum Blockchain is funded by crowdsale. Blockchain technology R3 is formed and forms Consortium of over 40 legacy financial companies for implementing Blockchain technology https://101blockchains.com/history-of-blockchain-timeline/#prettyPhoto/0/ ieroshenko
2014 PlayStation Now cloud gaming service is released to allow streaming of PS4 and previous PlayStation games. https://blog.us.playstation.com/2014/05/19/playstation-now-ps4-private-beta-starts-tomorrow/#sf2993055 acdesveaux
2014 Taylor Swift removes her music from Spotify Charlotte Alter, Taylor Swift just removed her music from Spotify, (TIME, November 3, 2014) https://time.com/3554438/taylor-swift-spotify/ (11/2/20) brdesousa
2014 Representatives from fact-cehcking organizations around the world meet for the first time in London to lay the groundwork for an international association of fact checkers Kessler, G. (2018, August 15). The global boom in political fact checking. Retrieved April 02, 2021, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2014/06/13/the-global-boom-in-fact-checking/ aebolduc
2014 The finance research establishes that the global cloud market is $100 billion. Maurer, T., & Hinck, G. (2020). Cloud Security: A Primer for Policymakers (pp. 10-22, Rep.). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. doi:10.2307/resrep25787.8 acherkinsky
2014 Statcast sees limited use during the 2014 MLB season, being tested in three stadiums. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/22/sports/baseball/statcast-offers-a-way-to-quantify-baseballs-every-move.html?_r=1 gmmontana
2014 Snapchat introduces its "Stories" feature, allowing users to share short, disappearing videos with their friends. xxiao
2014 Creation of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). A GAN is an unsupervised machine learning algorithm that generates realistic high-resolution images through two competing neural networks in which one generates the image while another tries to determine authenticity of this image. Over time, through machine learning, the GAN would generate high quality images that are near indistinguishable from original images. Google, Overview of GAN Structure, (Google For Developers, Jul 18, 2022) https://developers.google.com/machinelearning/gan/gan_structure#:~:text=A%20generative%20adversarial%20network%20(GAN,fake%20data%20from%20real%20data. (March 19, 2024) ajli
2015 Statcast is unveiled at the MIT Sloan Sports Analytics Conference. It would be installed in all 30 MLB ballparks by the beginning of the 2015 season. http://www.sporttechie.com/2015/03/02/mlbam-brings-home-top-honors-at-2015-mit-sloan-sports-analytics-conference/

http://grantland.com/the-triangle/mlb-advanced-media-play-tracking-bob-bowman-interview/

gmmontana
2015 NVIDIA Releases Tegra X1 For Machine Learning Mark Hachman, "Nvidia launches Tegra X1" (PCWorld, January 5, 2015) https://www.pcworld.com/article/2864243/nvidia-launches-tegra-x1-bringing-deep-neural-learning-to-self-driving-cars.html (4/1/21) awhitney
2015 Rust programming language 1.0 is released. Rust is a modern systems language providing many safety benefits previously unseen in systems languages such as C and C++. https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html rmschade
2015 The Impact Team stole the user data of Ashley Madison, a commercial website billed as enabling extramarital affairs. The group copied personal information about the site's user base, and threatened to release user names and personally identifying information if Ashley Madison was not immediately shut down. Approximately one month later, the group leaked more than 25 gigabytes of company data including user details. http://www.wired.com/2015/08/happened-hackers-posted-stolen-ashley-madison-data/ ajmokotoff
2015 CD sales for the first half of 2015 are 41 million, a 31% drop from the same period in the previous year http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-34323530 wofrick
2015 First OLED monitors reach the market http://www.oled-info.com/oled-devices/monitors nadiaz
2015 Over 20,000 people including over 3,000 researchers in the field of AI and Robotics sign an open letter to ban development and use of autonomous weapons. Of the 20,000, included were Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk, and Steve Wozniak. http://futureoflife.org/open-letter-autonomous-weapons/ allewis
2015 Tesla releases Tesla Version 7.0 Software, giving compatible Tesla vehicles the ability to maintain speed and distance behind other cars, stay in lanes, change lanes, scan for parking spots, and park autonomously 10 Breakthrough Technologies 2016: Tesla Autopilot. 2016. https://www.technologyreview.com/s/600772/10-breakthrough-technologies-2016-tesla-autopilot/ aaadkins
2015 Uber begins working on self-driving cars techcrunch.com/2016/08/18/ubers-first-self-driving-cars-will-start-picking-up-passengers-this-month/ cctulig
2015 Non invasive ultrasound technology development for alzheimer's treatment www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150312082826.htm lnguyen3
2015 RISC-V foundation launches RISC-V International, History of RISC-V, (RISC-V International, unknown), http://riscv.org/about/history/ (31 August 2023) ehughsbaird
2015 Shadow cloud gaming service allows users to rent a high-end gaming PC for a monthly fee, to be streamed to any device. https://shadow.tech/usen/about acdesveaux
2015 A complete Deep learning paper was published LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hinton, G. (2015). Deep learning. Nature, 521(7553), 436-444. 10.1038/nature14539 aditthapron


2015 Apple Watch https://www.apple.com/watch/technology/ akshoop
2015 Microsoft Surface 3 http://www.tabletpccomparison.net/microsoft-surface-3 nzhang2
2015 Microsoft Surface Pro 4 & Surface Book http://www.pcworld.com/article/2996029/tablet-pc/surface-book-vs-surface-pro-4-picking-the-best-came-down-to-just-one-thing.html nzhang2
2015 Ringly: Release wearable technology in the form of jewelry for women https://ringly.com pmahurkar
2015 Mota DOI SmartRing https://www.mota.com/doi-smart-ring/ akshoop
2015 The Raspberry Pi 2 Model B with its 4-core ARM processor sold more than 500,000 units during the first two weeks of its release; it was promised to be more efficient at computations. Upton, E., Duntemann, J., Roberts, R., Mamtora, T., & Everard, B. (2016). Learning computer architecture with Raspberry Pi. yychow
2015 BI Intelligence reports almost 2 Billion smart home connected devices though to be installed globally https://www.raconteur.net/technology/the-evolution-of-the-smart-home dberardi
2015 Ethereum Genesis block created. Linux Foundation unveils Hyperledger to enhance blockchain development https://101blockchains.com/history-of-blockchain-timeline/#prettyPhoto/0/ ieroshenko
2015 Razer unveils OSVR, an open source virtual reality software and hardware project www.pcworld.com/article/2865515/razers-open-source-headset-aims-to-disrupt-virtual-reality.html ejwerlinich
2015 A virtual keyboard is projected onto a table using lasers. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=7287956 jbbrown
2015 Invention of Quell: Wearable technology for detecting chronic body pain https://www.quellrelief.com pmahurkar
2015 HTC and Valve Corporation announce the HTC Vive which utilized external sensors to be placed in the room for location tracking on the headset and controllers. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1879884129?rfr_id=info%3Axri%2Fsid%3Aprimo bmwaid
2015 OnLive cloud gaming service is purchased by Sony and closes https://web.archive.org/web/20150407010959/http://games.onlive.com/farewell/games acdesveaux
2015 Google releases the OnHub router. https://www.vox.com/2015/8/18/11617824/google-announces-onhub-a-200-router-focused-on-simplicity agmavrotheris
2015 Quell releases wearable technology to reduce pain and track progress. https://www.medicaldevice-network.com/news/newsneurometrix-pain-relief-quell-4445711/ ppatel2
2015 Starlink is a satellite internet constellation being constructed by SpaceX providing satellite Internet access. The constellation will consist of thousands of mass-produced small satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO), working in combination with ground transceivers Mann, A. (2020, January 17). Starlink: SpaceX's satellite internet project. Retrieved September 07, 2020, from https://www.space.com/spacex-starlink-satellites.html jemetcalf
2015 Apple Music launches, including a family plan Introducing Apple Music — All The Ways You Love Music. All in One Place., (Apple, June 8, 2015) https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2015/06/08Introducing-Apple-Music-All-The-Ways-You-Love-Music-All-in-One-Place-/ (11/2/20) brdesousa
September 2015 World's first Massive MIMO solution launched in Shanghai http://wirelessone.news/9-mimo/687-china-mobile-softbank-ordering-1-000-s-of-massive-mimo-bases-2 gmantedomenico
2015 Alphabet discontinues Google Glass Haselton, Todd. “Google Unveils New $999 Smart Glasses for Businesses, Undercutting Microsoft’s HoloLens on Price.” CNBC, 20 May 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/20/google-glass-enterprise-edition-2-announced-price.html. javieira
2015 The selling and production of CRT TV’s reach near zero values Yuliya Kalmykova, João Patrício, Leonardo Rosado, Berg P. EO, Out with the old, out with the new – The effect of transitions in TVs and monitors technology on consumption and WEEE generation in Sweden 1996–2014,(Waste Management Volume 46, December 2015) ,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X1530101X (9/3/2023) rkoffstein
2016 Bluetooth 5.0 released including features such as Long Range (LE) up to 200 meteres rnguyen
2016 The HTC Vive was released in partnership with Value [7], featuring new infrared trackers called “base stations” [7] Adi Robertson, “HTC Vive VR headset delayed until April”, Dec 2015, https://www.theverge.com/2015/12/8/9873840/htc-vive-headset-delay-april-2016 tgdanielski


2016 NVIDIA Releases Pascal Architecture for AI https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/data-center/pascal-gpu-architecture/ (4/1/21) awhitney
2016 Raspberry Pi 3 Model B is released with 64-bit quad-core ARMv8CPU, and built-in wireless and bluetooth. Upton, E., Duntemann, J., Roberts, R., Mamtora, T., & Everard, B. (2016). Learning computer architecture with Raspberry Pi. yychow
2016 AI program AlphaGo by Google beat Go world champion Lee Sedol txvu
2016 Google begins testing post-quantum encryption in Chrome https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2016/07/googles_post-qu.html hfloreshuerta
2016 NIST begins their Post-Quantum Cryptology (PQC) plan to begin preparing for alterations in cryptology that will come with the increased computing capabilities quantum poses. Chen Lily, Moody Dustin, Liu Yi-Kai. “Post-Quantum Cryptology PQC” NIST, August 24, 2023. https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/post-quantum-cryptography esdunne
2016 Bug in Ethereum DAO code exploited and attacked https://101blockchains.com/history-of-blockchain-timeline/#prettyPhoto/0/ ieroshenko
2016 Microsoft acquires LinkedIn for $26.2 billion https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/08/microsoft-officially-closes-its-26-2b-acquisition-of-linkedin/ abettigole
2016 Sales of stand-alone cameras dip below 25 million units, representing less than 20% of 2012 numbers http://www.cipa.jp/stats/documents/common/cr200.pdf bmheavey
2016 “Sophia” – latest in AI robotics with the capacity to learn creativity, empathy and compassion akan
2016 OpenAI selected Dota 2 as a testbed for general-purpose AI systems https://openai.com/five/ qthoang
2016 Facebook begins using an IFCN certified tird-party fact-checking system which allows people to rate the accuracy of posts. This works by removing content that violates guidelines, reducing the spread of misinformation, and informing viewers of the quality of the content they see. https://www.facebook.com/journalismproject/programs/third-party-fact-checking ddaly
2016 Cerber ransomware https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/the-cerber-ransomware-not-only-encrypts-your-data-but-also-speaks-to-you/ mnurbekova
2016 FBI vs Apple, U.S. government demands a backdoor into apple phones in case of extreme terrorist events Martin, J. (n.d.). Encryption Backdoors: A Discussion of Feasibility, Ethics, and the Future of Cryptography. Digital Commons @ SPU. etarthur
2016 Mirai IoT botnet launches first major attack against French host OVH, and Dyn a month later https://www.csoonline.com/article/3258748/the-mirai-botnet-explained-how-teen-scammers-and-cctv-cameras-almost-brought-down-the-internet.html twhite
2016 HTC and Valve release the HTC Vive SteamVR headset, the first major release of sensor-based tracking in VR https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2015/03/hands-on-valvehtc-vive-opens-up-the-virtual-reality-experience/ ejwerlinich
2016 Apple Swift Playground released. https://9to5mac.com/2020/02/11/apple-launches-swift-playgrounds-app-for-the-mac/ sli11


2016 Facebook releases the Oculus Rift to the public for $390.00 https://www.oculus.com/blog/first-look-at-the-rift-shipping-q1-2016/ kshah2
2016 Live motion capture demo for Ninja Theory’s game “Hellblade” shows technological advancements from a hobbyist approach to real-time motion capture https://www.engadget.com/2017-08-08-ninja-theory-hellblade-motion-capture-demo-video.html kofichtner
2016 Google Home speaker is released. https://www.cnet.com/news/android-n-daydream-vr-google-home-and-more-everything-announced-at-google-io-2016/ agmavrotheris
2016 The New York Times circulates to approximately 2.9 million paid subscribers. The New York Times Company, Form 10-K, (UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, 2016), http://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0000071691/37d516f5-b9da-4ca8-a50f-d70630760094.pdf (2020) jpmcmanus
2016 In 2016, Elon Musk founds Neuralink, a brain-computer interface company that looks to make microchips that can safely be surgically inserted into consumers' brains. While the company may have grand visions of advancements like artifical human enhancement, which still appear to be far into the future, Neuralink is currently working most on biomedical advances, such as creation of prosthetics that can be interfaced with at high speeds. By 2019, Neuralink received $158 million in private investment. Markoff, John (July 16, 2019). "Elon Musk's Company Takes Baby Steps to Wiring Brains to the Internet". The New York Times. ajlee 2016 Lewis Rhodes Labs win the R&D100 award with their invention of the Neuromorphic Cyber Microscope and receive funding from Sandia National Laboratory to continue its development. Retrieved from https://phys.org/news/2017-03-brain-inspired-cybersecurity-bad-apples-faster.html?fbclid=IwAR3L0Y5sDLkqM8H7LLsNhWvEYIvOGs1xHOr_DwV9X8Hho9in8qHeqsireok on 22 March 2024 cdesrosiers
July 2016 5G architecture introduced by 5G Public Private Partnership https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/5G-PPP-5G-Architecture-WP-July-2016.pdf gmantedomenico
4 November 2016 China Mobile Shanghai Branch and Huawei jointly deploy the world's first wideband Massive MIMO site. An achievement marking the beginning of a planned series of events outlined in the timetable for 5G large-bandwidth evolution. This solution has significantly improved single site capability in the 4G era indicated by a 5-fold increase, achieving 5-6 Giga capability of a single site. http://wirelessone.news/9-mimo/687-china-mobile-softbank-ordering-1-000-s-of-massive-mimo-bases-2 gmantedomenico


2016 Bluetooth V5.0 is released and is the current version with faster speeds and longer range than seen before https://www.headphonesty.com/2021/01/bluetooth-versions/ crueda
2016 Musical.ly, an app for creating short lip-syncing videos, gains popularity. It eventually merges with TikTok in 2018. xxiao
2016 TikTok (originally called Douyin) is launched in China by ByteDance, focusing on short, user-generated videos. xxiao
2017 Firefox Quantum is released. This release has many components rewritten in Rust. Tentative benchmarks showed it was 2 times faster than previous releases. https://blog.mozilla.org/firefox/the-new-firefox-by-the-numbers/, https://blog.rust-lang.org/2017/11/14/Fearless-Concurrency-In-Firefox-Quantum.html rmschade
2017 Neuralink - a brain-control interface company founded by Elon Musk, is taken public https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-launches-neuralink-to-connect-brains-with-computers-1490642652 jhsu
2017 Audi A8, First Commercial Level 3 Autonomy Car (Conditional Automation) Jan Becker, A Brief History of Automated Driving - Part Three: Toward Product Development, (Apex.AI, 9/24/20), https://www.apex.ai/post/a-brief-history-of-automated-driving-part-three-toward-product-development (Accessed 4/2/21) cctulig, jpoulos
2017 Apple AirPods are released https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/culture/a-history-of-headphone-design alate
2017 Google’s Machine learning software AutoML is able to build other machine learning software. https://www.wired.com/story/googles-learning-software-learns-to-write-learning-software/ jedyer
2017 Google’s AlphaZero AI is able to learn chess in 4 hours, given only the rules of the game, no additional human domain knowledge, and is defeats the previous best chess playing AI. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.01815.pdf Accessed 08/30/2023 jedyer, abeck
2017 Libratus beat humans at Texas Hold-em https://newatlas.com/ai-2017-beating-humans-games/52741/ awheeler2
2017 Tensorflow 1.0 is released by Google https://developers.googleblog.com/2017/02/announcing-tensorflow-10.html aparmanand
2017 Nintendo releases the Nintendo Switch gaming console https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8386406 dmpayette
2017 Facebook reaches 2 billion monthly active users https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/27/facebook-2-billion-users/ abettigole
2017 Google deploys an “anti-trolling” AI as a part of their greater Conversation AI initiative. https://www.wired.com/2017/02/googles-troll-fighting-ai-now-belongs-world/ sgonzales
2017 Zelle was launched to provide person-to-person (P2P) payment. "D3 Banking Technology Partners with Zelle[R]." Journal of Engineering, 6 Nov. 2017, pp. 332. Gale Academic OneFile. link.gale.com/apps/doc/A513317667/AONE?u=mlin_c_worpoly&sid =bookmark-AONE&xid=64b8f8bb. czhang10
2017 USB 3.2 released with USB-C connector, was able to transfer data at 20 gbps https://www.computerhope.com/history/usb.htm amishra2
2017 The TrackMan component of Statcast replaces the previous PITCHf/x system for official measurements of pitch speed. https://www.pinstripealley.com/2017/4/6/15191012/mlb-pitch-tracking-velocity-pitch-fx-cc-sabathia-marco-estrada-noah-syndergaard gmmontana
2017 OpenAI beat esport professionals at Dota 2 in 1v1/td> https://newatlas.com/ai-2017-beating-humans-games/52741/ awheeler2
2017 Equifax data breach loses private data of 148 million individuals, compromising their names, birth dates, and social security numbers Electronic Privacy Information Center. Equifax Data Breach (epic.org, 2018.) https://epic.org/privacy/data-breach/equifax/ Accessed 09/11/2020 zjester
2017 First Dota 2 professional player to beat OpenAI final 1v1 bot https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-fTicRFv0M&feature=youtu.be&t=530 qthoang
2017 Stanford created an AI to beat Montezuma's revenge https://web.stanford.edu/class/cs224n/reports/2762090.pdf awheeler2
2017 The newly released iPhone X features the ability to unlock the phone using facial recognition. https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/09/14/facial-recognition-iphone-today-tomorrow-airport/664000001/ sgubrud, mjzeolla
2017 EOS is unveiled by Block one as a new blockchain protocol for the deployment of decentralized applications https://101blockchains.com/history-of-blockchain-timeline/#prettyPhoto/0/ ieroshenko
2017 Stenograph Wave https://www.stenograph.com/wave-information scbarry
2017 A.I being used to analyze medical images www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170823090930.htm lnguyen3
2017 "Petya" ransomware outbreak in Europe https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/petya-ransomware-wiper mnurbekova
2017 WannaCry ransom-ware attacks hundreds of thousands of computers around the world. Locks files until ransom is paid, major impact on healthcare systems. "The WannaCry ransomware attack," Strategic Comments, vol. 23, (4), pp. vii, 2017.

Love, John. A Brief History of Malware — Its Evolution and Impact (lastline.com, 04/05/2018). https://www.lastline.com/blog/history-of-malware-its-evolution-and-impact/ Accessed 09/08/2020

mttaylor

zjester (added more info and second source)

2017 The creation of the first reprogrammable quantum computer https://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/34813/20170104/researchers-build-first-reprogrammable-quantum-computer.htm vkothari
2017 The Department of Homeland Security notifies 21 states that their election systems had been targeted by hackers prior to the 2016 election https://apnews.com/cb8a753a9b0948589cc372a3c037a567 stgoldman
2017 The Google Home Mini is released. https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/4/16407344/google-home-mini-announced-price-release-date-smart-speaker agmavrotheris
2017 The Google Home Max is released. https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/10/4/16404380/google-home-max-smart-stereo-speaker-announced-price-release-date agmavrotheris
2017 Nintendo Pro Controller is released alongside the Nintendo Switch console https://venturebeat.com/2017/03/01/switchs-pro-controller-is-nintendos-best-traditional-gamepad-yet/ nsjurovich
2017 Xbox Kinect is discontinued https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/1/2/16842738/microsoft-kinect-adapter-xbox-one-x-s-discontinued nsjurovich
2017 Hardware enthusiasts benchmark 480Hz display, capable of showing a frame within 2 milliseconds. Mark Rejohn, “Display with 480Hz Bonus Modes” (BlurBusters, August 16, 2017) https://blurbusters.com/4k-120hz-with-bonus-240hz-and-480hz-modes/ (accessed April 6, 2021) larathke
2017 Clearview AI, a facial recognition tool that scrapes photos off the Internet, developed. Kashmir Hill, “The Secretive Company That Might End Privacy as We Know It,” New York Times (Online), January 18 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/18/technology/clearview-privacy-facial-recognition.html (9/2/2021) tgandrews
2017 Google announces the production of Google Glass Enterprise to attract businesses to utilize the produce for business and logistics CNN Business.” CNN, 16 Mar. 2023, https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/16/tech/google-glass-gone/index.html. javieira
2017 Google enters a deal to sell Google Glass through Augmedix to doctors at large hospitals Farr, Christina. “One of Google’s Most Embarrassing Flops Is Turning into a Real Business.” CNBC, 11 Apr. 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/11/google-glass-becoming-surprise-success.html. javieira
2018 Although it would never be released to market, a prototype with 140 degrees FOV was shown off [5] https://assets.ctfassets.net/0o6s67aqvwnu/1zmWdgZfYLEEbdLS2DCtNi/0b573716bd56b0a4c09aede06b4325d9/Beyond_Reality_April_2022.pdf tgdanielski
2018 : FDA Approval for AI-Based Diagnostic Systems - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves the first AI-based diagnostic system named IDx-DR, for detecting diabetic retinopathy. With a sensitivity of 98.8%, a specificity of
88.0%, and a kappa value of 0.89 suggesting a high level of agreement between the AI’s diagnostic and the reference standard. 
Yang WH, Zheng B, Wu MN, Zhu SJ, Fei FQ, Weng M, Zhang X, Lu PR. An Evaluation System of Fundus Photograph-Based Intelligent Diagnostic Technology for Diabetic Retinopathy and Applicability for Research. (Diabetes Ther. 2019 Oct;10(5)) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6778552/ (March 17, 2024) ekli
2018 Intel deployments a 5G network using KT's 5G-Sig (non-standard 5G) at the 2018 Winter Olympics https://telecomasia.net/content/mobile-industry-eyes-5g-devices-early-2019 gmantedomenico
2018 Vik Parth presents “Latest AR Technologies and Hardware Limitations.” to an MIT audience. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osLZ2p7DKIQ&t=300s lplopez
2018 Google presented a demo for a new feature of Google Assistant called Duplex, showing how it can call up a business and schedule an appointment, without the person on the phone realizing they’re talking to an AI https://www.theverge.com/2018/5/9/17334658/google-ai-phone-call-assistant-duplex-ethical-social-implications jedyer
2018 Boston Dynamics releases a video of its humanoid Atlas Robot, demonstrating it is able to run across outdoor terrain https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/5/10/17341400/boston-dynamics-atlas-spotmini-robots-videos-autonomous-navigation jedyer
2018 Driverless taxis debut in Tokyo and are able to take paying customers. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/aug/28/driverless-taxi-debuts-in-tokyo-in-world-first-trial-ahead-of-olympics jedyer
2018 Apple watch series 4: Capable of taking an electrocardiogram. Allows apple watch users to monitor the health of their heart, and detect any abnormalities. https://www.apple.com/watch/ pmahurkar, jcpatel


2018 Market Volume for the Home Automation industry reaches 18.877 Billion https://www.statista.com/outlook/279/109/smart-home/united-states#market-arpu dberardi
2018 Virtual Reality Startup Virti Founded https://www.independent.co.uk/independentpremium/business/virti-startup-medical-digital-technology-gaming-virtual-reality-b805543.html kshah2
2018 Facebook announces Oculus Quest which could run independently of a PC https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/2/17911662/oculus-connect-vr-virtual-reality-quest-headset kshah2
2018 Facebook announces Oculus Insight, a VR technology that allows for tracking with no external sensors https://www.oculus.com/blog/playing-with-the-future-oculus-insight-powers-beyond-room-scale-vr-gaming/ befoster
2018 Wearable X announces yoga pants with technology integrated, one of the first pieces of clothing with technology https://www.gq.com.au/entertainment/tech/the-new-wearables-a-new-era-of-connected-clothing-is-paving-the-way-for-the-future/news-story/9b5891ea888c103ee3f53f2780896009 ajbrianti


2018 Vive releases Vive Tracker, allowing for full-body VR tracking https://www.tomshardware.com/news/vive-accessories-release-date-announced,33752.html befoster


2018 Waymo One taxi, First Commercial Level 4 Autonomy Car www.howtogeek.com/401759/what-are-the-different-self-driving-car-levels-of-autonomy/ cctulig
2018 OpenAI bot beat 99.95th percentile Dota players in a best-of-three 5v5 game https://blog.openai.com/openai-five-benchmark-results/ qthoang
2018 OpenAI bot lost 2 5v5 games against top Dota 2 teams at The International 8 https://blog.openai.com/the-international-2018-results/ qthoang
2018 FDA approves use of CGM and certain insulin pumps to create a closed loop system https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-authorizes-first-fully-interoperable-continuous-glucose-monitoring-system-streamlines-review tclooney
2018 Live Fact checking news with AI demonstrated as a proof of concept Higgins, L. (2018, Nov 23). Behind an Effort to Fact-Check Live News With Speed and Accuracy; Voice recognition and artificial intelligence are being paired to point out potential inaccuracies in real time. Wall Street Journal (Online) https://www.proquest.com/docview/2136930302 aebolduc
2018 Raytheon’s AN/TPY-2 radar fails to accurately detect ballistic missile during test in Hawaii pivotal to Pentagon plans http://ezproxy.wpi.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/trade-journals/mda-lifts-value-raytheons-radar-improvement/docview/2299103171/se-2 (last retrieved March 19, 2023). kjlopez
2018 TikTok is released internationally and merges with Musical.ly, becoming a global phenomenon and dominating the short-video platform market. xxiao
2018 Nintendo continues to incorporate emulators into its consoles with Nintendo Switch Online that allows for NES games to be emulated on the Nintendo Switch. “Nintendo Switch Online - Nintendo - Official Site.” Nintendo, www.nintendo.com/switch/online/. Accessed 3 Sept. 2023. nkwong
2018 Researchers at University of Washington demonstrated “laser-based wireless power delivery system” that ensures safety to humans Vikram Iyer, Elyas Bayati, Rajalakshmi Nandakumar, Arka Majumdar, and Shyamnath Gollakota, Charging a Smartphone Across a Room Using Lasers (Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. Vol. 1, Iss. 4, 01/08/2018), Article 143, Pg. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1145/3161163 (09/05/2023) akzhang
2018 Nvidia releases the GeForce 20 series, adding ray-tracing cores to GPUs, significantly improving their performance on lighting effects. https://www.polygon.com/2018/8/20/17760038/nvidia-geforce-rtx-2080-ti-2070-specs-release-date-price-turing amcutler
November 7, 2018 Apple released the iPad Pro, the first iPad to use USB-C for charging. This was the beginning of their slow transition to full USB-C support, quickened by the European Parliament years later. https://screenrant.com/ipad-models-with-usb-c-port-list/ zsperry
2018 AMD releases Polaris 10 and Polaris 11 GPUs fabricated on 14nm process, resulting in a significant increase in performance per watt. https://wccftech.com/amd-unveils-polaris-11-10-gpu/ amcutler
2019 The Oculus Quest, the first standalone headset to breach into the mainstream was released [11]. [11] Reality Labs, “From the lab to the living room: The story behind Facebook’s Oculus Insight technology and a new era of consumer VR”, Aug 2019, https://tech.facebook.com/reality-labs/2019/8/the-story-behind-oculus-insight-technology/ tgdanielski
2019 After being teased earlier in the year, the Valve Index was released to ceaseless praise, and would sit at the throne of wired consumer headsets for years to come [10][9] [10] Sam Machkovech, “Valve Index reveal: The best of VR’s first generation—but is it worth $999?”, Apr 2019, https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2019/04/valve-index-reveal-the-best-of-vrs-first-generation-but-is-it-worth-999/ [9] Steam, last month (kept up to date, no history available), https://store.steampowered.com/hwsurvey tgdanielski
2019 2019 was a year of record sales. VR headset ownership reached nearly 12 million users [12] [12] Thomas Alsop, “Virtual reality (VR) headset unit sales worldwide from 2019 to 2024”, 2023, https://www.statista.com/statistics/677096/vr-headsets-worldwide/ tgdanielski
2019 FDA Approves the first AI-powered device for cancer diagnosis. In addition to a deep learning algorithm for understanding MRI scans of the brain. Cedars-Sinai Staff, AI's Ascendance in Medicine: A Timeline, (Cedars-Sinai, Apr 20, 2023) https://www.cedars-sinai.org/discoveries/ai-ascendance-in-medicine.html, (Mar 17 2024) ekli
2019 5G NR networks start deployment https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/what-is-5g/ gmantedomenico
2019 Since 2010 Intel i series chips improved from 2 to 16 cores and from around 1 billion to about 10 billion transistors. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EMkcZ2UPuu95BAHkGAW1YPhDVI2GfyMJh1pEu-wmjy0/edit?usp=sharing nmbargman
2019 Yahoo shuts down GeoCities Japan. https://www.cnet.com/news/geocities-dies-in-march-2019-and-with-it-a-piece-of-internet-history/ hjiang2
2019 Pew Research Center releases a study that shows 96% of Americans own a mobile phone and 81% own smartphones. https://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheet/mobile/ cvieira
2019 The amount of fact checking platforms was seen to grow 26% since the previous year. https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2019/number-of-fact-checking-outlets-surges-to-188-in-more-than-60-countries/ ddaly
2019 Samsung releases the first foldable smartphone http://fortune.com/2018/11/01/foldable-phone-screens-stop/ dcvollum
2019 In 2019 San Francisco bans the use of facial recognition usage by law enforcement. “With this vote, San Francisco has declared that face surveillance technology is incompatible with a healthy democracy and that residents deserve a voice in decisions about high-tech surveillance” https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/14/us/facial-recognition-ban-san-francisco.html mjzeolla
2019 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) N7+ technology enters full-scale production bringing 7nm processors to market in mass https://www.tsmc.com/english/dedicatedFoundry/technology/7nm.htm btpeters
2019 Nvidia released new GPUs based on Turing, the first series of hardware-accelerated ray-tracing consumer products. NVIDIA GeForce RTX - Official Launch Event, (YouTube, 2019, Aug 20), https://youtu.be/Mrixi27G9yM xjia
2019 Nvidia releases drive autopilot, the worlds first commercially available SAE level 2 automated driving system. Implementing relatively recent AI breakthroughs, the SoC processor can be used by vehicle manufactures to bring automation to the market on larger scales, surpassing the technology at the time. NVIDIA, NVIDIA Introduces DRIVE AutoPilot, World’s First Commercially Available Level 2+ Automated Driving System, (NVIDIA News, 2019), https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-introduces-drive-autopilot-worlds-first-commercially-available-level-2+-automated-driving-system (3/22/2022) jahanlon
2019 First Corona Virus case is discovered in November, sparking a world wide loss of personal privacy https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/technology/coronavirus-surveillance-tracking-privacy.html brobinson
2019 Facebook announces successor to Oculus Rift, Rift S https://www.oculus.com/blog/announcing-oculus-rift-s-our-new-pc-vr-headset-launching-spring-2019/ kshah2
2019 AMD launches its Zen 2 microarchitecture using chiplet technology https://www.amd.com/en/technologies/zen-core essmith
2019 Facebook introduces hand tracking on its VR systems https://www.oculus.com/blog/oculus-connect-6-introducing-hand-tracking-on-oculus-quest-facebook-horizon-and-more/ befoster


2019 Google Stadia cloud gaming service will release in November 2019 https://store.google.com/us/product/stadia_founders_edition?hl=en-US acdesveaux
2019 USB 4.0 introduced with data transfer rates of 40 gbps https://gct.co/usb-connector/usb-history-timeline#:~:text=USB%20(Universal%20Serial%20Bus)%20was,of%20serial%20and%20parallel%20ports amishra2
2019 Stenograph Luminex ii https://www.stenograph.com/luminex_ii scbarry
2019 U.S. Missile Defense Agency awards Woburn, MA-based Raytheon Integrated Defense Systems $962 million contract to continue to perform research and development on Army/Navy Ballistic Missile Defense System. http://ezproxy.wpi.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/trade-journals/raytheon-holding-sm-3-block-iia-deliveries/docview/2009150606/se-2 (last retrieved March 19, 2023). kjlopez
2019 Google announces Google Glass Enterprise Edition 2 for $999 to entice more customers to buy the new lightweight and long lasting battery version. This edition has a business focus and Alphabet designs the product around the work environment. Haselton, Todd. “Google Unveils New $999 Smart Glasses for Businesses, Undercutting Microsoft’s HoloLens on Price.” CNBC, 20 May 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/20/google-glass-enterprise-edition-2-announced-price.html. javieira
2019 Facebook launches Lasso, a short-video platform, to compete with TikTok. However, it fails to gain traction and is shut down in 2020. xxiao
2019 Tesla starts shipping Model S and X cars with their new Full Self-Driving Computer (FSD), which is powered by custom Tesla designed microprocessors, manufactured by Samsung. 4. Chips Etc. “Computer Chips Inside Cars.” Vintage Computer Chip Collectibles, Memorabilia & Jewelry, www.chipsetc.com/computer-chips-inside-the-car.html. Accessed 4 Sept. 2023. ankalayjian
2020 The Oculus Quest 2 was released with notably better performance and price [13]. A Facebook account was required to log in [13]. [13] Adi Robertson, “Oculus Quest 2 review: better, cheaper VR”, Sep 2020, https://www.theverge.com/21437674/oculus-quest-2-review-features-photos tgdanielski


2020 37% of consumers say they intended to upgrade to 5G https://www.gsma.com/newsroom/press-release/gsma-intelligence-shares-global-mobile-trends-2021/ gmantedomenico


2020 “Europol made arrests across Europe, taking out SIM-swap hackers responsible for the theft of over €3 million” Osborne, Charlie. “The Biggest Hacks, Data Breaches of 2020.” ZDNET, https://www.zdnet.com/article/the-biggest-hacks-data-breaches-of-2020/. Accessed 24 Mar. 2023. wrlewis
2020 Facebook announces Oculus Quest 2 https://www.engadget.com/oculus-quest-2-vr-299-171715370.html kshah2
2020 5G network enabled life-changing technologies https://sciencenode.org/feature/How%20did%20smartphones%20evolve.php hwang15
2020 After years of stagnation, multiple mobile device manufacturers settle on prioritizing 1080p resolution, taking advantage of eye perceptions of pixel density at normal eye distances from mobile devices. Michael Simon, “1080p is All We Need for Smartphone Screens” (PCWorld, November 17, 2020) https://www.pcworld.com/article/3597391/sorry-android-fans-apple-is-right-1080p-is-all-we-need-for-smartphone-screens.html (accessed April 6, 2021) larathke
2020 Non-profit hospital Cedars-Sinai starts using VR to train staff https://www.healthcareglobal.com/technology-and-ai-3/virtual-reality-and-training-post-covid-era kshah2
2020 Oculus Quest 2 released https://www.theverge.com/2020/9/16/21427947/oculus-quest-2-facebook-vr-headset-price-release-date-preorder-connect kshah2
2020 The US census is conducted online https://www.npr.org/2020/03/02/807913222/despite-cybersecurity-risks-and-last-minute-changes-the-2020-census-goes-online jamevor
2020 MIDI 2.0 Standards Released https://www.midi.org/articles-old/details-about-midi-2-0-midi-ci-profiles-and-property-exchange jmmoy
2020 Hungarian Prime Minister given emergency powers which can punish online critics https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-52135402 brobinson
2020 Kansas announces it is tracking 55,000 citizens amid corona virus pandemic https://www.nationalreview.com/news/coronavirus-kansas-using-resident-cell-phone-location-data-fight-pandemic/ brobinson
2020 With the start of covid, the market of wearable technologies grew exponentially, such as the oura ring https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8434481/ ajbrianti
2020 CNN amasses an average prime-time audience of 1.652 million viewers Mark Joyella, Fox News Dominates May Ratings, But CNN Prime Time Jumps 117%, (Forbes, 2020), https://www.forbes.com/sites/markjoyella/2020/06/02/fox-news-dominates-may-ratings-but-cnn-prime-time-jumps-117/#2b7c63701e6d (2020) jpmcmanus
2020 The senate proposes the Lawful Access to Encrypted Data Act, which seeks to ban, end-to-end encryption and provide grant money to researchers to find a way to implement a secure backdoor into warrant proof encryption methods. https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/rep/releases/graham-cotton-blackburn-introduce-balanced-solution-to-bolster-national-security-end-use-of-warrant-proof-encryption-that-shields-criminal-activity efschwarzrock
2020 Apple releases the M1, the first ARM-based Apple Silicon chip. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/11/apple-unleashes-m1/ arobinson3
2020 Microsoft announced that the fourth console of the Xbox family, the Xbox Series X and Xbox Series S, will be released on November, 10, 2020. The Xbox Series X has 4K capabilities, plays at 120 frames per second, and enables 8K HDR gaming, while the Xbox Series S was offered as a less powerful console and a cheaper alternative. https://www.xbox.com/en-US/consoles/xbox-series-x#overview bplima
2020 91% of cars sold this year feature embedded connectivity, or some way in which they can connect to the internet. The Connected Car Market Will Endure a 15% Shipment Decline, Flat Revenues in 2020; Sales Return on Trend Early 2022 (ABI Research, July 28, 2020) https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-connected-car-market-will-endure-a-15-shipment-decline-flat-revenues-in-2020-sales-return-on-trend-early-2022-301100761.html#:~:text=Despite%20shipments%20of%20vehicles%20with,and%2037%25%20in%20Latin%20America (September 2, 2023) mcku
2020 Open steno project http://www.openstenoproject.org/ scbarry
2020 Sony announced that on November 12, 2020 they would be releasing the PlayStation 5, the fifth addition to the PlayStation series. The console runs on an ultra-high speed SSD and uses ray tracing to produce 120 frames per second with support for 120Hz on 4K HDR displays. A digital version of the console was offered that did not have a disc drive and all purchases would be made through the PlayStation Store. https://www.playstation.com/en-us/ps5/ bplima
2020 Face masks for COVID-19 are causing significant difficulty for implementing facial recognition technology commercially and on a national level. https://www.theverge.com/2020/7/28/21344751/facial-recognition-face-masks-accuracy-nist-study mjzeolla
2020 Due to the dangers posed by the Covid-19 pandemic, US schools from the K-12 to collegiate level switch to online classes, with the video streaming platform Zoom becoming the most popular choice for online educational lectures. Camera, Lauren, “Coronavirus Closes Schools for Half of All Kids in the U.S., Now What?” (U.S. News, 16 Mar. 2020), https://www.usnews.com/news/education-news/articles/2020-03-16/whats-next-as-coronavirus-closes-schools-for-half-of-all-kids-in-the-us (4 Sept. 2021) jrmalcarne
2020 The top 5 selling brands of smart watches sold over 66.6 million watches in 2020 alone. Felix Richter, Apple Several Ticks Ahead in the Smartwatch Market, (March 30, 2021), https://www.statista.com/chart/15035/worldwide-smartwatch-shipments/ (September 2, 2021) deushman
2020 Apple announces the Apple M1, its first ARM-based system on a chip to be used in Mac computers, incorporating mobile technology for more efficient performance than previous Intel models, and creating some of the first mass-market ARM laptops. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/11/apple-unleashes-m1/ azingher
2020 AI’s role in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, aiding in epidemiological modeling, drug repurposing, vaccine development, and contact tracing efforts. Chang Z, Zhan Z, Zhao Z, You Z, Liu Y, Yan Z, Fu Y, Liang W, Zhao L. Application of artificial intelligence in COVID-19 medical area: a systematic review. (December 13, 2021) (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8743418/#:~:text=The%20ongoing%20development%20in%20AI,human%20intervention%20in%20medical%20practice., (March 17 2024) ekli
2020 Google DeepMind uses AI to determine a protein’s 3D structure from its amino-acid sequence, solving one of biology’s greatest challenges. Ewen Callaway, ‘It will change everything’: DeepMind’s AI makes gigantic leap in solving protein structures (Nature, November 30, 2020), https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03348-4 (March 18, 2024) ekli
2020 Instagram introduces Reels, a feature for creating and sharing short videos, in response to the growing popularity of TikTok. xxiao
2020 Adobe ends support for Flash and Flash games. Independent developers continue to preserve Flash games through emulators. Parrish, Ash. “Your Favorite Neopets Flash Games Are Back.” The Verge, The Verge, 26 July 2023, www.theverge.com/2023/7/26/23809037/neopets-games-restored-flash-emulator. Accessed 3 Sept. 2023. nkwong
2020 to 2021 restrictions on TikTok and other Chinese-owned short-video platforms. xxiao
2021 Roughly 2 million pagers in use https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-pagers-and-beepers-1992315 psjain
2021 Facebook renames to Meta, changing the name of the Oculus Quest series to be the Meta Quest series [14] [14] Meta, “Introducing Meta: A Social Technology Company”, Oct 2021, https://about.facebook.com/news/2021/10/facebook-company-is-now-meta/ tgdanielski


2021 The self-driving car market is evaluated at an estimated 20.3 million USD. Autonomous / Self-Driving Cars Market Research, Share, Size, Companies & Forecast (MarketsandMarkets Research Private Ltd, 2022), https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/near-autonomous-passenger-car-market-1220.html#:~:text=%5B379%20Pages%20Report%5D%20Autonomous%20%2F,automotive%20customers%20across%20the%20world (September 2, 2023) mcku
2021 AMD's Dr. Lisa Su roadmaps AMD's future in chiplet design with 3D V-cache and MCM-based GPUs and CPUs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqAYMx34euU essmith
2021 Facebook rebrands itself as Meta and announces plans for the metaverse “The Facebook Company Is Now Meta.” Meta, 23 Nov. 2021, https://about.fb.com/news/2021/10/facebook-company-is-now-meta/. cjscopetski
2021 Neuralink develops and implants a wireless, high-channel count brain machine interface allowing for a monkey to control a computer with their thoughts. https://neuralink.com/blog/monkey-mindpong/ bmdeflaminio
2021 Twitter launches the pilot of its crowd-sourced, fact-check program "Birdwatch" in order to flag misleading content by using comments and ratings https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/product/2021/introducing-birdwatch-a-community-based-approach-to-misinformation.html ddaly
2021 AlphaFold predicts protein folding in cells, revolutionizing biology and medicine https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/ jtreiss
2021 Discord, originally an indie passion project inspired by platforms such as Skype and Slack, maintains itself at the forefront of modern communication platforms with a rising net value of $15 billion after acquisition deals with Microsoft collapse. Moderator, “Discord valued at $15B after Microsoft deal collapse”, (BBC Tech Update, 25 Aug. 2021), https://bbctechupdate.com/20 21/08/25/discord-valued-at-15b-after-microsoft-deal-collapse/ (5 Sept. 2021) jrmalcarne
September 23, 2021 The European Commission announces their plans of enforcing all mobile devices to be compatible with a standardized charger, including all mobile Apple devices. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/10/24/common-charger-eu-ministers-give-final-approval-to-one-size-fits-all-charging-port/ zsperry
2021 EU and UK regulators approve Ossia’s Cota systems for use at any distance Miriam McNabb, Wireless Power for Drones: Meet the Company Who Wants to Change the Battery Game (10/15/2021), https://dronelife.com/2021/10/15/wireless-power-for-drones-meet-the-company-who-wants-to-change-the-battery-game/ (09/04/2023) akzhang
2021 The average new car now has over 50 computer systems inside. Gas powered cars now have over 1000 semiconductor chips inside, and Electric cars up to 3000 semiconductor chips inside. Chips Etc. “Computer Chips Inside Cars.” Vintage Computer Chip Collectibles, Memorabilia & Jewelry, www.chipsetc.com/computer-chips-inside-the-car.html. Accessed 4 Sept. 2023. ankalayjian
2021 Lewis Rhodes Labs works with Sandia National Laboratories to create Extreme Search, a neuromorphic computing technology that uses regular expressions to search petabytes of data in under 12 minutes. Retrieved from https://www.lewis-rhodes.com/ on 22 March 2024. cdesrosiers
2022 AMD, Arm, Google Cloud, Intel, Meta, Microsoft, Qualcomm, Samsung, TSMC, et al. establish the Universal Chiplet Interconnect Express (UCIe) standard https://www.proquest.com/docview/2635157161/1BA84C7EFFB04C5DPQ/3?accountid=29120 essmith
2022 ChatGPT is released on November 30, 2022 and very quickly skyrockets in popularity to 100+ million users by 2023. https://serpwatch.io/blog/voice-search-statistics/#:~:text=Around%20500%20million%20people%20are,assistants%20worldwide%2C%20alongside%20Google%20Assistant accessed 3/24/23. yakbashev
2022 The public perception of self-driving cars remains negative, with a PEW Research survey reporting 63% would not feel comfortable riding one. Americans cautious about the deployment of driverless cars (Pew Research Center, March 17, 2022), https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/03/17/americans-cautious-about-the-deployment-of-driverless-cars/ (September 2, 2023) mcku
2022 Google announces new prototype of Google Glass 2.0 which places a greater emphasis on augmented reality Robson, Kurt. “Google Glass Is Back after Failing Hard the First Time around – Is the World Ready?” Verdict, 20 July 2022, https://www.verdict.co.uk/google-testing-augmented-reality-glasses-after-failure-of-google-glass/. javieira
2022 “The FDA authorizes 91 AI-powered devices. One, the EchoGo Heart Failure tool, detects heart failure from a single echocardiogram.” Cedars-Sinai Staff, AI's Ascendance in Medicine: A Timeline, (Cedars-Sinai, Apr 20, 2023) https://www.cedars-sinai.org/discoveries/ai-ascendance-in-medicine.html, (Mar 17 2024) ekli
2022 Skype launches real-time translation using your voice https://www.skype.com/en/blogs/2022-12-skype-truvoice/ nrgiangregorio


2022 Wi-Charge releases Wi-Spot which allows for completely wireless displays Wi-Charge, Wi-Charge Debuts Wi-Spot, the First Completely Wireless Video Display for Physical Stores (01/17/2022), https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/wi-charge-debuts-wi-spot-the-first-completely-wireless-video-display-for-physical-stores-301461985.html (09/04/2023) akzhang
2022 ChatGPT, Llama, PaLM, Gemini, BLOOM, DALL-E were created. These programs are GPTs (Generative Pre-trained Transformers), which use a deep learning architecture to generate text, engage in conversations with users and complete tasks, such as coding, image generation, and much more. Pat Lawlor, Jerry Chang, The rise of generative AI: A timeline of breakthrough innovations , (Qualcomm, Feb 12, 2024) https://www.qualcomm.com/news/onq/2024/02/the-rise-of-generative-ai-timeline-of-breakthrough-innovations(March 18, 2024) ajli
2023 Waymo concludes its first 1 million driverless, fully autonomous miles, and reports promising crash statistics: only 2 “severe” crashes, neither of which the Waymo vehicle was at fault for. Trent Victor et al., Safety Performance of the Waymo Rider-Only Automated Driving System at One Million Miles (Waymo LLC, January 2023), https://storage.googleapis.com/waymo-uploads/files/documents/safety/Safety%20Performance%20of%20Waymo%20RO%20at%201M%20miles.pdf (September 2, 2023) mcku
November 23, 2022 The European Parliament and Council signed a legal act enforcing the regulation that all electronic devices must support USB-C, including mobile phones. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-internal-market-and-consumer-protection-imco/file-common-chargers-for-mobile-phones zsperry
2023 Humane technologies, a company with many patents for wearable technology, raises 100 million dollars in funding. https://hu.ma.ne/media/humane-raises-100m-in-series-c-round-as-it-builds-device-and-services-platform-for-the-ai-era ajbrianti
2023 Alphabet halts the sale of Google Glass Enterprise and announces it will be taking the product off the market via their website. Alphabet projects the software will stop being supported in September 2023, but vows to continue working on products that use augmented reality. Leswing, Kif. “Google Ends Enterprise Sales of Google Glass, Its Augmented Reality Smartglasses.” CNBC, 15 Mar. 2023, https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/15/google-discontinues-google-glass-enterprise-end-to-early-ar-project.html. javieira
2023 Apple announced its entry into the VR market with the Apple Vision Pro, an upcoming mixed-reality headset announced on June 5, 2023, at its 2023 Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC). The headset will sell for $3,499. Barnard, D. (2023, June 14). History of VR - timeline of events and Tech Development. VirtualSpeech. https://virtualspeech.com/blog/history-of-vr (2023, September 4) Jdeleon2
2023 Microsoft and Nintendo begin cracking down on independently created emulators and ROMs over concerns about copyright infringement and lost revenue. Thebeau, Jake. “The History of Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) Emulation.” History Computer, 28 July 2023, https://history-computer.com/the-history-of-nintendo-entertainment-system-nes-emulation/. Accessed 3 Sept. 2023.

Roth, Emma. “Microsoft Locks down Game Emulation on the Xbox Series X and Series S.” The Verge, The Verge, 7 Apr. 2023, www.theverge.com/2023/4/7/23674707/microsoft-xbox-emulators-ban-nintendo. Accessed 3 Sept. 2023.

nkwong
2023 Diablo IV is released. Matthew Rossi, Then and now with the WoW dev team, (On Click Creative, October 16, 2017), https://blizzardwatch.com/2017/10/16/now-wow-dev-team/#:~:text=And%20amazingly%2C%20it%20was%20developed,and%20shipped%20with%20about%20sixty (September 9, 2023) cmfrench