Difference between revisions of "Timeline"

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<td>Leonard Kleinrock develops the idea of packet switching</td>
 
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Revision as of 23:20, 16 October 2016

Add your items to the list of events below.

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Computing Technology Time Line
Date Description References Contributers
200,000 BC Humans invented speech, the first form of communication epguleksen
Prehistoric Smoke signals were used to convey messages over long distances emilymiller
2000 BC The abacus is invented. A frame made out of wood holding rods with sliding beads on them, used to aid in arithmetic calculations. http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/history.html Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1900 BC First documented cryptograph was found in Egypt zhenhe
1500 BC Mesopotamian tablet with encrypted recipe for pottery glaze zhenhe
1050 BC The first alphabet based on phonetic sounds invented. epguleksen
~1000 BC Shorthand first used bjsharron
950 BC King Solomon used pigeon post to get information around Achaemenid Persian Empire. tpatikorn
600 BC Hebrew ATBASH cipher used in writing the book of Jeremiah zhenhe
600 BC Mail was used among Chinese officials emilymilller
500 BC Pigeon post is used regularly emilymiller
490 BC Pheidippides carried a message from the Battle of Marathon to Athens. tpatikorn
486 BC Greek Skytale presumably used zhenhe
400 BC Camera Obscura-The phenomena that led to the invention of the camera and all photographic processes. A small hole was placed through a wall in a dark room and light would fill the room with an upside-down projection of the view from outside. tjstone
350 BC The Greek mathematician Archytas builds a mechanical bird dubbed "The Pigeon" that is propelled by steam. eosowski
322 BC Aristotle writes: "If every tool, when ordered, or even of its own accord, could do the work that befits it, then there would be no need either of apprentices for the master workers or of slaves for the lords." eosowski
60 BC Caesar Cipher introduced by Julius Caesar zhenhe
60 - 50 BC Caesar Cipher introduced by Julius Caesar zhenhe
1495 Leonardo DaVinci designs a mechanical device that looks like an armored knight and is designed to make it move like there is a real person inside. eosowski
1500 Leonardo Da Vinci hypothesizes a way to track a roman soldiers steps and records the first idea of a pedometer tjaskoviak
1553 Password idea introduced by Giovan Belaso zhenhe
1585 Blaise de Vigenere wrote a book on ciphers. zhenhe
1600 John Napier invents Napier's Bones, a mechanical device using rods or cylinders which slid together to do lattice multiplication and division on numbers. http://www.thecorememory.com/TimeMachine.pdf Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1622 William Oughtred invents the slide rule. The device had two scales that could independently be slid, and the distance between the two could be read to view as multiplication or division. http://www.oughtred.org/history.shtml Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1623 Wilhelm Schickard invents the Calculating Clock, which is considered to be the first mechanical calculator. The calculator utilized Napier's Bones as well as other mechanics to help with celestial calculations. "The Time Machine." College English 31.5 (1970): 523. Web.Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1642 The Pascaline or Pascal's calculator was invented by mathematician Blaise Pascal. The hand cranked adding machine was very complex, using toothed wheels to do basic arithmetic with whole numbers. "The Time Machine." College English 31.5 (1970): 523. Web.Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1673 The Stepped Reckoner is invented by German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz. The mechanical calculator utilized a long cylinder, called the Leibniz wheel, to do quick multiplication and addition. "The Time Machine." College English 31.5 (1970): 523. Web.Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1683 Governor William Penn established Pennsylvania's first Post Office. tpatikorn
1685 Portable Reflex Camera Obscura - This camera was small enough to transport, being two feet long and nine inches high. Light shined through a lens and onto a mirror, generating an image that was right side up instead of upside-down. tjstone
1685 "Battery" used to describe a series of charged glass plates (capacitors). djlaplante
1711 British used ship to carry letters; each letter cost one penny. tpatikorn
1748 "Battery" used to describe a series of charged glass plates (capacitors). djlaplante
1755

Thomas Jefferson uses a pedometer, he would later introduce it to America. The strong association lead people to call them Tomish Meters

Adams, W. H. (2000).The Paris Years of Thomas Jefferson. Yale University Press.

tjaskoviak
1763 Bayes theorem of conditional probability Price, Problem in the Doctrine of Chances, http://www.stat.ucla.edu/history/essay.pdf xjjackson
1769 Wolfgang Ritter von Kempelen created one of the first known devices capable of mimicking human speech. The human operated device imitated human body parts required for speech to produce sounds that resembled vowels. Schroeder, Manfred Robert. "A Brief History of Speech." Computer Speech: Recognition, Compression, Synthesis. Berlin: Springer, 1999. N. pag. Print. leantul
1775 Benjamin Franklin appointed first Postmaster General (USPS). tpatikorn
1775 Thomas Jefferson invented the wheel cipher. zhenhe
1779 Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein created thin devices of various shapes that were able to create sounds resembling German vowels through vibration. Schroeder, Manfred Robert. "A Brief History of Speech." Computer Speech: Recognition, Compression, Synthesis. Berlin: Springer, 1999. N. pag. Print. leantul
1800 Alessandro Volta discovers the Voltaic Pile. Electricity generation now efficient djlaplante
1801 Joseph Jacquard builds an automated loom that is controlled by punch cards. eosowski
1805 Legendre published first paper on regression analysis, using a technique called the method of least squares Smith, Legendre, http://www.stat.ucla.edu/history/legendre.pdf xjjackson
1811 Steamboats started replacing rafts and boats in rivers in US. tpatikorn
1816 First Photographic Negatives -Through experimentation, Nicephore Niepce is able to expose an image onto paper coated with light-sensitive silver chloride. tjstone
1820 The Arithmometer becomes the first commercially successful mechanical calculator patented. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1822 Charles Babbage demonstrates a prototype of his "Difference Engine" to the Royal Astronomical Society. eosowski
1826 First Photograph - Nicephore Niepce took the first permanent, positive image using a camera obscura. The exposure lasted eight hours. tjstone
1829 Braille invented bjsharron
1833 Michael Faraday discovers a relationship between temperature and electrical conductivity in silver sulphide. adurkee
1835 Alexander-Edmond Becquerel recorded the first instance of the photovoltaic effect. adurkee
1835 Samuel Morse creates Morse code for communication over wires mburns23
1836 Daniell Cell invented to fix the hydrogen bubble problem of the Voltaic Pile djlaplante
1837 The Daguerreotype - Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre develops a way to drastically reduce exposure time and patents his discovery. tjstone
1838 US Congress designated all railroads as post routes. tpatikorn
1838 William Robert Grove invented the fuel cell, which uses hydrogen and oxygen djlaplante
1838 Morse electric telegraph emilymiller
1838-1843 Morse Code Developed bjsharron
1839 William Robert Grove invented the fuel cell, which uses hydrogen and oxygen djlaplante
1839 Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel recorded the first instance of hte photovoltaic effect with silver chloride-coated platinum electrodes in an aqueous nitric acid electrolyte. adurkee
1841 Positive/Negative Process - William Henry Fox Talbot perfects a similar process to the Daguerreotype, however the exposure is negative. Therefore, multiple positive copies could be made of the same exposure. This becomes the primary method for all modern film development. tjstone
1842 The Poggendorff cell is invented, providing higher voltage, consistent current, and fumeless, though delicate and more work to operate. djlaplante
1844 William Robert Grove invents the Grove Cell, which provides high current and doubles the voltage of the Daniell cell. However it is proven that when operated, the cell gives off toxic fumes. djlaplante
1844 Samuel Morse sends the first telegraph from Baltimore to Washington D.C. mburns23
1844 Samuel F. B. Morse transmits the first viable telegraph message. Securities brokers quickly adopt the technology to send market quotations. The telegraph helps expand the stock market by making trades accessible to brokers and investors outside of New York. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/crash/1/ tleung
1847 George Boole represents logic in mathematical form with Boolean Algebra eosowski
1849 Austria attacks Venice with unmanned balloons loaded with explosives. The first recorded example of unmanned ariel attacks. http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
1851 Amedee Mannheim standardizes the modern version of the slide rule with four scales most common for calculation problems. The ruler could calculate squares, square roots, and other basic arithmetic operations. http://www.oughtred.org/history.shtml Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1854 Charles Babbage reinvented the wheel cipher. zhenhe
1859 Gaston Plante invents a lead-acid battery that can be recharged (first rechargeable battery). This model battery is still in use today as car batteries. djlaplante
1860 Willoughby Smith records the first instance of photoconductivity in metals. adurkee
1860 The Pony Express is established as a mail service in the Western United States. tpatikorn mburns23
1860s Gravity cell, an alternative version of the Daniell cell, is invented. It yielded a higher current and was easily constructed/refillable manually. djlaplante
1861 Samuel Morse Patents the design for the telegraph in America epguleksen
1861 First Color Photograph - James Clerk Maxwell created the first color photograph by exposing the same picture three separate times with different colored filters. The three images were then combined to form a single color image. tjstone
1861 The transcontinental telegraph wire is completed in US. mburns23
1864 James Clerk Maxwell proved the existence of electromagnetic waves. http://www.itworld.com/article/2802953/mobile/a-brief-history-of-wireless-technology.html zrrobbins
1865 Founding of WPI jmforkey
1866 Leclanche battery (aka the Zn/NH4Cl/C battery or the wet battery) invented, consistent and descent voltage, this became widely popular. djlaplante
1870 First Mechanical Typewriter put into production. fhunter
1873 Willoughby Smith discovers the photoconductivity of selenium, the first instance of recorded photoconductivity in metals. adurkee
1873 Sholes and Glidden Typerwriter with querty keyboard put into production. fhunter
1874 The first calculator using the pin-wheel principle, the Odhner calculator, is invented. Future calculators would use the same principle. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1874 Carl Ferdinand Braun created the first semiconductor rectifier, the diode. adurkee
1876 Alexander Bell creates first working phone epguleksen
1877 Thomas Edison reveals the phonograph to record and play back sounds. A cylinder rotates as a needle presses against it. The needle vibrates due to sound and leaves wave patterns in the cylinder, leaving a recording of sound. He showed his phonograph in the New York office of Scientific American Magazine. Frenchman Charles Cros also claimed to have invented phonograph because he described a similar concept earlier than Edison. Interestingly, Edison did not work hard to commercialize the phonograph. rpdabrowski
1877 The first dry cell battery is invented (improved by 1887), became very popular due to ease of use. djlaplante
1878 Ramon de Verea invents the first direct multiplication machine. This computation method was faster than previous methods. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1878 The first music is put on record: cornetist Jules Levy plays "Yankee Doodle." Bruck, J., Grundy, A., & Joel, I. (1999, October 17). An Audio Timeline. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/audio.history.timeline.html cwjacobsohn
1880 The telephone network starts to become substantial with more than 50,000 telephone lines existing in the United States. Shinder, Debra L., Computer Networking Essentials (Cisco Press, 2001), 3. http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com.ezproxy.wpi.edu/book/networking/1587130386/introduction-to-pc-networking/3?uicode=wpi (9/2/2015) svadlamudi
1880 Chichester Bell and Charles Tainter improve on the phonograph by using a wax cylinder instead of tin foil and by using a floating stylus to incise, rather than indent, the cylinder. This improved device was called a graphophone. History of the Cylinder. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from https://www.loc.gov/collections/edison-company-motion-pictures-and-sound-recordings/articles-and-essays/history-of-edison-sound-recordings/history-of-the-cylinder-phonograph/ cwjacobsohn
1881 William Grylls Adams and Richard Evans Day discover that selenium produces electricity when in light. adurkee
1883 The world's first printing calculator, the Scheutz Difference Engine, was invented. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1883 Charles Fritts creats the first photovoltaic cell by melting thin sheets of selenium on a metal substrate and placing a thin gold leaf on top of the selenium. adurkee
1885 Roll Film - Instead of glass, paper, or other expensive materials, George Eastman and William H. Walker develop the first roll of film and a camera to use it with. The Kodak camera was born. tjstone
1887 The Comptometer, the first key-driven adding and calculating machine, is invented by Dorr Felt. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1887

Emile Berliner invents and patents the Gramophone, a non-wax disc photo-engraved with a lateral-cut groove.

Schoenherr, S. E. (2005, July 6). Recording Technology History. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/recording.technology.history/notes.html cwjacobsohn
1887 Heinrich Hertz produced, sent and received wireless waves using reflectors to amplify the waves http://www.wirelesscommunication.nl/reference/chaptr07/history.htm zrrobbins
1888 Hertz demonstrates the existence of radio waves, prompting the search for suitable detectors. adurkee
1888 Emile Berliner displays his invention, the record player, as an alternative to the phonograph. rpdabrowski
1888 The Telautograph enabled written communication over long distances by the use of recorded electrical impulses that transmitted to the receiving telautograph. wtao
1891 William Burroughs begins to commercial manufacture his adding calculator through the Burroughs Adding Machine Company. Calculators became commonplace in American business offices. dssilva
1892 Nikola Tesla experiments with energy frequency's, predicts that it could be used for telecommunications in the future
1890s Phone is used more after the initial first patent expires epguleksen
1894 Berliner's company, the United States Gramophone Company, puts rubber gramophone discs on the market. These discs could be mass-produced, unlike cylinders at the time, and they were quickly adopted as a result. Emile Berliner and the Birth of the Recording Industry. (2001, June). Retrieved March 21, 2016, from https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/berlhtml/berlhome.html cwjacobsohn
1895 Guglielmo Marconi creates first wireless system capable of transmitting a signal long distances djlaplante
1895 Waldmar Jungner invents a nickel-cadmium rechargeable battery. First alkaline battery. Very expensive however Much higher energy than any previous battery. djlaplante
1896 Guglielmo Marconi creates the first wireless telegraph system http://www.wirelesshistoryfoundation.org/wireless-history-project/wireless-history-timeline zrrobbins
1897 Marconi demonstrated a radio transmission over 18 miles of the English Channel. The first wireless company, Wireless Telegraph and Signal Company was founded. http://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/24759 zrrobbins
1897 Karl Ferdinand Braun creates a cathode ray oscilloscope, the first applied use of CRT technology http://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Basis/cathode.html nadiaz
1898 Valdemar Poulsen develops and patents the telegraphone, the first magnetic recorder, which works by magnetizing thin steel wire. Morton, D. Inventing the Wire Recorder. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.recording-history.org/HTML/wire2.php cwjacobsohn
1898 Nikola Tesla builds and demonstrates a remote controlled robot boat at Madison Square Garden. eosowski
1899 The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell mburns23
1900 Thomas Lambert develops a method for mass-producing indestructible celluloid cylinder audio recordings. Schoenherr, S. E. (2005, July 6). Recording Technology History. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/recording.technology.history/notes.html cwjacobsohn
1901 Carl Ferdinand Braun uses semiconductor rectifiers to receive radio signals. adurkee
1901 Marconi sends "first successful transatlantic radio communication". This helped him prove that the Earth's curvature does not affect radio signals. mburns23
1902 Danish engineer, Valdmar Poulsen, invents Poulsen-Arc, a radio transmitter
1902 Edison introduces his own method for mass-producing hard wax cylinders. Schoenherr, S. E. (2005, July 6). Recording Technology History. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/recording.technology.history/notes.html cwjacobsohn
1903 The nickel-iron battery is invented, light weight and durable, though not as powerful as alkaline. djlaplante
1904 Welte in Freiburg, Germany succeeds in using perforated paper record and reproduce an original piano performance, essentially inventing the player piano. rpdabrowski
1905 John Fleming invents the Vacuum Tube http://www.pbs.org/transistor/science/events/vacuumt.html ajthompson
1906 William Randolph Hearst begins to use cylinder recordings of his speeches in his campaign for governor of New York. Schoenherr, S. E. (2005, July 6). Recording Technology History. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/recording.technology.history/notes.html cwjacobsohn
1906 After extensive testing of materials while working on wireless signals, Greenleaf Whittier Pickard discovers silicon crystals as the most stable of rectifiers for receiving wireless signals out of about 30000 materials. adurkee
1906 First Audio Radio Broadcast is sent on December 24, 1906
1907 UPS was founded. tpatikorn
1907 Lee De Forest invents the triode tube, capable of not only acting as a diode, but also an amplifier for the signal passing through the tube.

https://www.google.com/patents/US879532, Retrieved: March 21, 2016

1911 Fred Wiseman flew with mails from Petaloma to Santa Rosa, California in 1911. tpatikorn
1913 FedEx was founded. tpatikorn
1915 Carl Benedicks found that germanium's resistance lay between that of silver and tin, and produced a diode using germanium, platinum, and copper. adurkee
1915 The automatic telephone exchange is created, removing the need for operators on every call. mburns23
1915 British use ariel imagery to capture 1500 sky view maps of the German trench fortifications. http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
1916 First 2 way radio test on naval warships tasellielund23
1917 Vernam cipher invented zhenhe
1918 The US creates ariel torpedoes that work as kamikaze drones. The war ended before these drones saw use. http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
1919

Walter H. Schottky invented the tetrode tube, an improvement over the triode, by adding an electrical screen between the control grid and the anode, which decouples the two to allow for higher voltage gains with a single tube.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6218283


ajthompson
1920 The very first radio news program is broadcast
1920 John Hugo Mfg. Co. developed a toy for young children called Radio Rex that would move forward when the dog's name, Rex, was called. Gold, Bernard, Nelson Morgan, and Dan Ellis. "Chapter 4: Brief History of Automatic Speech Recognition." Speech and Audio Signal Processing: Processing and Perception of Speech and Music. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. N. pag. Print. leantul
1921 One of the first radio stations to host music program airs under the name 'WJZ'
1921 Czech writer Karel Capek introduces the word "Robot" in his play "R.U.R"(Rossuum's Universal Robots)" "Robot in Czech comes from the word "robota" meaning "compulsory labor" eosowski
1922 Bell Telephone Laboratories develops and produces a "condenser microphone," which is designed to better reduce distortion, increase bass response, and capture more of the highs and lows of sound. Arthur Scerbius built the German Enigma machine. zhenhe
1922 BBC broadcasts first radio program http://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/24759 zrrobbins
1923 First electric key punch is designed by IBM. This was one of the earliest machines that could be used to create data and input for computers. http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/history/year_1923.html (accessed March 21, 2016). djkiourtsis
1924 Electric Recorders - The electronic amplifier by Western Electric inspired Columbia to develop electric recording technology. It turned out to be a huge success. The electronic recorders soon become more popular than traditional acoustic players. bangyan
1925 35mm Film - Developed by Leica, this film size becomes the most popular size for amateur photographers. tjstone
1925 Houdina Radio Control demonstrates a radio controlled car called the Linriccan Wonder in New York City. The car is controlled by a passenger in a following car. Driverless Dreams: Technological Narratives and the Shape of the Automated Car. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. Pg. 11. http://www.estayton.com/Stayton_DriverlessDreams_May5_2015.pdf. aaadkins
1926 Walter H. Schottky invented the tetrode tube, an improvement over the triode, by adding an electrical screen between the control grid and the anode, which decouples the two to allow for higher voltage gains with a single tube http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6218283 ajthompson
1927 Plus four wristlet route indicator released hsahay
1928 One-way police radio communication
1928 The N.Y.S.E. introduces new and improved high-speed tickers. The devices can print 500 characters per minute, almost twice as fast as the earlier models. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/crash/2/ tleung
1930 Magnetic Recorders - Magnetic recording is widely used today for video and audio tape. It is actually introduced way back in the 1900s. However, it is in the 1930s that it truly becomes a popular recording way for the public and companies such as BBC. At that time, the best magnetic technology is in the hands of German companies. bangyan
1930 The Hike-o-meter becomes popular in America with the growing popularity of walking

Freedman, R. (2005). Children of the Great Depression. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

tjaskoviak
1930 Dick Tracy - The Concept hsahay
1930 Analog compression developed bjsharron
1932 Polish cryptologists broke the Enigma machine code http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2215003/Secrets-Enigma-code-cracked-Polish-Brits-MPs-claim.html ajmokotoff
1933 Two-way police radio communication
1933 FM Radio (frequency modulation) is invented by Edwin Armstrong
1933 Two-thirds of American households own at least one radio.
1936 Alan Turing introduces the concept of a theoretical computer called the Turing Machine. eosowski
1937 First FM Radio station is created, W1X0J in Massachusetts
1938 Orson Welles' "The War of the World" is broadcast causing panic across nation, many citizens believing the alien invasion is real.
1939 Homer Dudley invented and showed the world the Voder which according to Bernard Gold's publication in The Lincoln Laboratory Journal, was a machine that, was controlled by a human operator who operated a console similar to a piano keyboard (pg. 163). Gold, Bernard. "A History of Vocoder Research at Lincoln Laboratory." The Lincoln Laboratory Journal 3.2 (1990): 163-202. Lincoln Laboratory. Web. 4 Sept. 2015. leantul
1939 United States creates the first remote controlled air craft called the radio plane OQ2 http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
1939 Norman Bel Geddes depicts radio-controlled autonomous vehicles propelled by electromagnetic fields produced by circuitry in roads at the World's Fair. Autonomous Cars: Past, Present and Future - A Review of the Developments in the Last Century, the Present Scenario and the Expected Future of Autonomous Vehicle Technology. SCITEPRESS, 2015. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7350466&tag=1. Pg 2 aaadkins
1940 "The History of Musical Instruments" by Curt Sachs offers the term 'electrophone', which is used to describe any kind of instruments that involved electricity.
1940 Issac Asimov produces a series of short stories about robots for Super Science Stories magazine, these stories are eventually compiled into the vont-size: small;">Information Theory developed leading to new techniques in data compression bjsharron
1941 Les Paul produces the very first electric guitar, known as "The Log". Navajo windtalkers used in World War II zhenhe
1941 The Robinson code-breaking machine is built by the British to decode ENIGMA machine messages sent by the Germans eosowski
1941 The Atanasoff-Berry computer is completed, able to solve systems of linear equations xjjackson
1943 McCulloch and Pitts publish their paper "A Logical Calculus of The Ideas Immanent In Nervous Activity" providing the basis for artificial neural networks. http://www.minicomplexity.org/pubs/1943-mcculloch-pitts-bmb.pdf nmmuesch
1943 French computer expert, Rene Carmille, hacked the punch cards used by the Nazis to locate Jews. http://www.technonerdz.org/2015/01/unconventional-guide-hacking/ ajmokotoff
1946 The first sound engineering class and academic profession is created in Germany at the Music Institute at Detmold.
1947 The first hand-held mechanical calculator, the Curta miniature, is created. Very compact and cylindrical design. http://history-computer.com/MechanicalCalculators/20thCentury/Curta.html Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1947 The transistor is invented http://www.wirelesshistoryfoundation.org/wireless-history-project/wireless-history-timeline zrrobbins
1948 Instant Prints - With the invention of the Polaroid camera, pictures could be printed directly from the camera and developed within minutes. tjstone
1948 Frederic C. Williams and Tom Kilburn of the University of Manchester build the Small Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), one of the first computers with CRT output. Peddie, J. (2013). The history of visual magic in computers how beautiful images are made in CAD, 3D, VR and AR (p. 297). London: Springer Science & Business Media. tjnickerson
1948 RCA introduces a 45 rpm vinyl microgroove record for playing and recording music. rpdabrowski
1948 Tape recorders - Tape recorder took the position of phonograph and optical recording in the 1940s. Around 1946, the first consumer magnetic recorder came to the market. However, its market is soon replaced by that of tape recorder, which is much cheaper and better. Millions of these recorders were sold. bangyan
1948 Ralph Teetor invents cruise control MILESTONES: Ralph Teetor, Professional Engineering Publishing Ltd., 2010. http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.wpi.edu/docview/609129156?pq-origsite=summon&accountid=29120. aaadkins
1946-06-17 First mobile telephone call emilymiller
1950 First use of the word "synthesizer" was used to describe electronic machines that were used to create sounds and music. rpdabrowski
1950 Stereo Sound - Stereo is introduced to the public and soon became popular in the 1950s. Although the stereo creates false sound instrument positions, the consumers like its 3D effect. This is why it becomes popular. bangyan
1950 Huffman coding invented bjsharron
1950 Alan Turing introduces the Turing Test in his paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence". http://www.csee.umbc.edu/courses/471/papers/turing.pdf nmmuesch
1951 First known computer-produced music. A Ferranti Mark 1 computer is programmed to beep out "Baa Baa Black Sheep". jdfrench
1952 Bell Labs developed a speech recognition machine with the ability to understand spoken number values after being accustomed to an individual's voice with only a 2% failure rate. Gold, Bernard, Nelson Morgan, and Dan Ellis. "Chapter 4: Brief History of Automatic Speech Recognition." Speech and Audio Signal Processing: Processing and Perception of Speech and Music. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. N. pag. Print. leantul
1953 First operational transistorized computer by University of Manchester team lead by Tom Kilburn. http://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/transistorized-computers-emerge/ allewis
1953 General Motors and RCA complete a scale model of an automated highway system in which signals generated by the roads are used to control vehicles. Driverless Dreams: Technological Narratives and the Shape of the Automated Car. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. Pg. 17 aaadkins
1954 Solar cells are invented, bringing forth Solar Energy in the electricity market. djlaplante
1954 First pocket radio is invented by Regency wofrick
1954 Gordon Teal produces the first silicon transistor at a meeting of the Institute of Radio Engineers in Ohio. adurkee
1954 Morris Tanenbaum develops the first working silicon transistor at Bell Labs. http://spectrum.ieee.org/biomedical/devices/the-lost-history-of-the-transistor, ajthompson
1955 Manganese-alkaline batteries (the common alkaline battery) is invented, lasting far longer and more powerful than carbon-zinc batteries and made affordable by Lewis Urry djlaplante
1955 Robert Everett develops the light pen as part of MIT's Whirlwind project, the predecessor to the mouse. Weisberg, D. (2008). Computer-Aided Design's Strong Roots at MIT. In The Engineering Design Revolution: The People, Companies and Computer Systems That Changed Forever the Practice of Engineering. Englewood, Colorado. tjnickerson
1956 The Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence occurs at Dartmouth College, where they coin the term "artificial intelligence" eosowski
1957 Soviet Union launched Sputnik I, capable of transmitting wireless telemetry signals http://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/24759 zrrobbins
1957 The creation of the light pen allowed users to directly interact with the computer screen. Some Milestones in Computer Input Devices: An Informal Timeline, http://www.billbuxton.com/inputTimeline.html (accessed March 21, 2016). djkiourtsis
1957 Max Matthews writes the MUSIC program at Bell Labs, one of the first pieces of software for music production. Later versions add polyphony and multiple instrument sounds. Numerous derivatives are created over the next decade. jdfrench
1957 While working at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey, Max Mathews produces the world's first computer-generated sounds. rpdabrowski
1957 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) is Founded eapolekoff
1957 First fully functional chess player program written cpnota
1957 The Standard & Poor 500 Index is introduced. Computer technology allows the S & P 500 to calculate and report market levels at one-minute intervals throughout the day. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/crash/2/ tleung
1957 Stylator is invented by Tom L. Dimond. This new tablet input directly to a computer instead of a receiving device. It used handwriting recognition as well. wtao
1957 A blind seven year old boy discovers a perfect whistle pitch that interacts with AT&T's implementation of fully automatic switches, therefore opening up vulnerabilities. http://www.radiolab.org/story/187724-long-distance/ ajmokotoff
1958 First integrated circuit created by Jack Kilby, a single transistor ndemarinis
1958 First SAGE system is deployed, featuring a state of the art 19-inch CRT screen which could be interacted with using a light pen. The system is used to track aircraft. http://www.i-programmer.info/history/machines/441-sage.html nadiaz
1960 Ted Nelson began Project Xanadu with the ultimate goal of having a computer network but combining that with an easy user interface. History of Search Engines: From 1945 to Google Today. Search Engine History.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 March 2016. hanguyen
1961 An IBM 704 becomes the first computer to sing. The song is "Daisy Bell", which is famously sung by the computer HAL in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey (in reference to this event). Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41U78QP8nBk jdfrench
1961 First Wearable Edward O. Thorp. 1998. The Invention of the First Wearable Computer. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC '98). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, 4-. akshoop
1961 First symbolic integration program SAINT, developed by James Salgle in Lisp, which solved college freshman-level calculus problems. http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/LISP/MIT/MIT-LCS-TR-047-corrected-ocr.pdf allewis
1962 The first communication satellite, Telstar, is launched into orbit http://www.wirelesshistoryfoundation.org/wireless-history-project/wireless-history-timeline zrrobbins
1962 J.C.R Licklider first proposes a global computer network http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1962 Leonard Kleinrock develops the idea of packet switching http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1962 The first industrial arm robot is introduced. Called the Unimate it is used for dangerous tasks on a General Motors assembly line eosowski
1962 Ivan Sutherkand introduces SketchPad, a line drawing device that utilizes light pens for illustration. Sutherland, I. (1964). Sketch pad a man-machine graphical communication system. Proceedings of the SHARE Design Automation Workshop on - DAC '64, 6.329-6.346. Retrieved September 4, 2015, from ACM. tjnickerson
1962 Mainframe computer game Spacewar! is written at MIT. bli
1962 IBM developed a speech recognition device which was capable of recognizing 16 words, which included numbers less than 10, 4 mathematical operation commands, and the words off and false. "Pioneering Speech Recognition." IBM100 - Icons of Progress. IBM, n.d. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. leantul
1963 Phillips releases its compact cassette, a major breakthrough in tape cassettes. It is not the first "tape" based recording device, but it is the best, most compact, and quickly becomes the standard for all tapes/players. rpdabrowski
1963 The RAND Tablet is introduced. It is claimed to be the first digital graphic device that is low cost. wtao
1963 Ted Nelson coined the term hypertext, which allowed for associations between links to be made (similar to how the human brain works). History of Search Engines: From 1945 to Google Today. Search Engine History.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 March 2016. hanguyen
1963 Sutherland introduces the Sketchpad system. This would mainly be used for drawing. A brief history of human-computer interaction technology. Interactions, 5(2), 44-54.
djkiourtsis
1964 Desktop electric calculators raise in popularity. Use thousands of transistors and cost thousands of dollars for companies to purchase. http://www.vintagecalculators.com/html/history_of_electronic_calculat.htm Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1964 The IBM 360 becomes the first computer to be mass-produced eosowski
1964 The efficiency of a Packet-Switched network is demonstrated in a study done for the US Air Force. Roberts, Lawrence G. The evolution of packet switching, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1455410 (9/2/2015) svadlamudi
1964 The Talking Typewriter was developed as a tool to help individuals with disabilities and children based on a pre-determined lesson. Sanderson, Barbara A., and Daniel W. Kratochvil. "The Edison Responsive Environment Learning System, or the Talking Typewriter." (1972): 1-34. American Institute for Research in the Behavioral Sciences. Web. 4 Sept. 2015. leantul
1965 The mouse is developed at Stanford to replace the existing light pens. A brief history of human-computer interaction technology. Interactions, 5(2), 44-54.
djkiourtsis
1965 E.A. Johnson publishes an article on the design of a capacitive touchscreen. He later published a more complete article with photos two years later in 1967. djbenson
1965 Lawrence Roberts connects a computer in MA to one in CA www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1965 MIT's CTSS, a campus wide network emilymiller
1965 Same computer Messagign system developed at MIT - named MAILBOX w.gomez.r
1965 Moore's Law (# of transistors in an IC double ~ 2 years) Moore, Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~fussell/courses/cs352h/papers/moore.pdf xjjackson
1966 The first hand-held electric calculator is invented by Texas Instruments, Incorporated. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1966 The Stanform Research Institute creates Shakey, the first mobile robot to know and react to its own actions. eosowski
1967 Richard Greenblatt writes MacHack, the first program to play chess that can defeat human opponents. eosowski
1967 The Datapoint 3300 terminal is released, using a small CRT display capable of displaying 24-25 lines of text. http://www.hpmuseum.net/display_item.php?hw=94http://www.swtpc.com/mholley/History/TVT_History.htm nadiaz
1968 George H. Heilmeier and his team invent the first Liquid Crystal Displays http://ethw.org/Milestones:Liquid_Crystal_Display_1968 nadiaz
1968 FCC, in the Carterphone case, ruled to allow external devices to be connected to AT&T telephone line network. Paving the way for future network devices. Johnson, Nicholas, Carterphone: My Story, http://ssrn.com.ezproxy.wpi.edu/abstract=2173506 (9/3/2015) svadlamudi
1968 Computer Based Head Mounted Display Ivan E. Sutherland. 1968. A head-mounted three dimensional display. In Proceedings of the December 9-11, 1968, fall joint computer conference, part I (AFIPS '68 (Fall, part I)). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 757-764 akshoop
1968 Douglas Engelbart gives the mother of all demos, introducing both the computer mouse and multiwindow display. tjnickerson
1969 ARPANET goes online connecting UCLA, Stanford, UCSB, and UU www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1969 The internet begins as ARPANET, which is commissioned by the DoD. The first nodes are created at UCLA, SRI, UCSB, and the University of Utah. Hobbes, Hobbes' Abridged Internet Timeline, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mitra/honors/timeline.html(9/3/2015) JRWatson
1969 Victor Scheinman, a mechanical engineering student working in the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Lab creates the Stanford Arm, which is still a standard today eosowski
1969 DHL was founded. tpatikorn
1969 UNIX is created. http://www.computerworld.com/article/2531905/operating-systems/timeline--40-years-of-os-milestones.html rdomanico
1969 University of California in Los Angeles becomes the first connection pointf of ARPANET. Shinder, Debra L., Computer Networking Essentials (Cisco Press, 2001), 3. http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com.ezproxy.wpi.edu/book/networking/1587130386/introduction-to-pc-networking/3?uicode=wpi (9/2/2015) svadlamudi
1964 - 1971 The Moog Synthesizer becomes the first to ever be mass produced. rpdabrowski
1970 Alan Kay joins Engelbar to found the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). tjnickerson
1970 NiMH batteries emerge, proving to be powerful batteries with long lifespans and also better for the environment than cadmium-based batteries. djlaplante
1970 Lucifer algorithm developed, later evolved into triple-DES (Data Encryption Standard) zhenhe
1971 The National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (N.A.S.D.A.Q.) opens its first day of trading, becoming the world's first electronic stock market. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/crash/2/ tleung
1971 The Advanced Research Projects Agency, also known as ARPA, decided to financially back a five year project to further speech understanding and set the criteria that all machines must be able to understand 1000 chosen words with a maximum failure rate of 10%. Gold, Bernard, Nelson Morgan, and Dan Ellis. "Chapter 4: Brief History of Automatic Speech Recognition." Speech and Audio Signal Processing: Processing and Perception of Speech and Music. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. N. pag. Print. leantul
1971 13 additional organizations are connected to ARPANET. This number begins to rapidly expand. www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1972 The PLATO IV terminal is released, with a novel orange plasma display capable of displaying a 512x512 bitmap. This terminal also had infrared touch screen support. http://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Basis/touch_screen.html nadiaz
1972 University of Illinois students file a patent for optical touchscreens and it is implemented in the Magnavox Plato IV Terminal. This is the first touchscreen used in a classroom. Thousands of them were built for this machine. djbenson
1972 First home video game blammeson
1972 Pulsar all electric digital watch released hsahay
1972 Telnet was published as an RFC www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1972 Several new companies enter the calculator market, rapidly developing electronic calculating technology and prices become affordable to the public. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1972 Ray Tomilson develops system for addressing messages to users in diffrent computers - Emergence of "<a href="mailto:to-user@destination">to-user@destination</a>" syntax w.gomez.r
1972 An early touch screen is developed in the University of Illinois. It allowed users to interact with computers using their hands by using light rays. Some Milestones in Computer Input Devices: An Informal Timeline, http://www.billbuxton.com/inputTimeline.html (accessed March 21, 2016).
djkiourtsis
1970s - 1990s Lithium and lithium ion batteries invented, with the extremely energy-dense material lithium and a maliable model, allowing them to be built specific for devices. Very popular for smaller (portable) electronics. djlaplante
1971 The first microprocessor was created by Ted Hoff at Intel eosowski
1971 Intel 4004 - first single chip microprocessor dstapply
1972 Intel releases the Intel 8008

Ceruzzi, Paul E. (May 2003). A History of Modern Computing

(2nd ed.). MIT Press. pp. 220221.
ajthompson
1973 Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf develop the TCP protocol. They release a paper on TCP in September. Bob Metcalfe begins development on Ethernet at Xerox PARC. Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_70s.html (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1973 FTP was published as an RFC. All other RFCs become available through FTP www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1973 Israel develops the Mastiff UAV and soon after the IIA Scout, the first UAVs meant for data collection http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
1973 The Xerox Alto features a CRT with a 606x808 pixel display, which was used to show one of the first GUIs. http://www.digibarn.com/collections/systems/xerox-alto/ nadiaz
1973 National Semiconductor releases the IMP-16, 16-bit microprocessor


http://bitsavers.org/pdf/national/imp/4200002B_IMP16_pgmg_Nov73.pdf,
ajthompson
1973 Freddy Robot built by The Assembly Robotics Group at University of Edinburgh, which is capable of using visual perception to autonomously assemble wooden block models. http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/freddy/ allewis
1973 NAVSTAR GPS Joint Program Office (JPO) established by Department of Defense to create GPS for military and civilians gmport
1974 Work on Ethernet is completed at Xerox PARC. ARPANET begins to implement TCP. Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_70s.html (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1974 The Silver Arm, which performed small-parts assembly using feedback from touch and pressure centers is created.
1974 Transfer Control Protocl (TCP) specifications are published by two DARPA engineers to make packet transfer simpler. Mowery, David C., and Timothy Simcoe, Is the internet a US invention?-an economic and technological history of computer networking, http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.wpi.edu/science/article/pii/S0048733302000690 (9/2/2015) svadlamudi
1975 Electric calculator manufacturers take over the calculator market through the use of mass production. Mechanical calculator sales decline rapidly. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1975 Arithmetic Coding developed bjsharron
1975 A patent is granted to George Samuel Hurst for developing the first resistive touchscreen. He is widely seen as the inventor of the touchscreen. djbenson
1975 Calculator Wristwatch http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,879586,00.html akshoop
1975 The BitPad that is more similar to modern graphics and drawing tablet is introduced by Summagraphics Corporation. wtao
1976 CP/M is created, and becomes a model for DOS variations for approx. 2 decades. http://www.computerworld.com/article/2531905/operating-systems/timeline--40-years-of-os-milestones.html rdomanico
1977 The Apple II releases, offering buyers the option to purchase a Sup'r'mod alongside it to use their television as a monitor. http://apple2history.org/history/ah03/ nadiaz
1977 Deep space explorers Voyagers 1 and 2 launch from the Kennedy Space Center esowowski
1977 Sony Walkman: Cassette recorders - The famous walkman developed by Sony sold millions of copies. Become of a huge reduced price, teenagers are open to the world of cassette recorders. This makes cassette recorders very poplular quickly. bangyan
1977 International Computer Chess Association founded cpnota
1977 'Synclavier' is invented and designed to construct every sequence of numbers, every sound, all by itself. It digitally synthesizes sounds from nothing but numbers. rpdabrowski
1977 BSD is created, and Radio Shack releases its line of affordable home computers. http://www.computerworld.com/article/2531905/operating-systems/timeline--40-years-of-os-milestones.html rdomanico
1977-8 LZ77/LZ78 Dictionary Compression Algorithms developed bjsharron
1978 The first solar-powered and credit card sized calculators are put on the market such as the Teal Photon. http://www.vintagecalculators.com/html/teal_photon.html Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1978 Marantz builds his "Pianocorder", which records the players notes on a cassette tape so that they may be played back on the same piano. rpdabrowski
1978 Intel 8086, the first x86 processor using ~30k transistors ndemarinis
1978 First GPS Block I satellites were built by Rockwell International and launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base gmport
1978 RSA algorithm published zhenhe
1978 Apple releases Apple-DOS. This was Apple's first OS. It used a command line interface. aquartulli
1978 Sony engineers create a prototype of the Walkman http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/03/from-walkman-to-ipod-what-music-tech-teaches-us-about-innovation/253158/ wofrick
1979 Apple begins work on Lisa, the first consumer-based computer with a graphical user interface based around the desktop metaphor. However, the device is slow, overpriced and poorly received. Perkins, R., Keller, D., & Ludolph, F. (1997). Inventing the Lisa user interface. Interactions, 40-53. tjnickerson
1979 Motorola creates the Motorola MC68000, one of the earliest 32-bit microprocessors (though it only used 32-bit registers, all other components were 24-bit or 16-bit), which went on to be used in the Apple Lisa and Macintosh

http://priorartdatabase.com/IPCOM/000059679#

ajthompson
1979 The Stanford Cart, built by Hans Moravec, navigates the Stanford AI Lab through an assortment of chairs to become the first computer-controlled autonomous vehicle.
http://web.stanford.edu/~learnest/cart.htm
allewis
1979 Intel 8088 used in IBM-PC dstapply
1980 The Sony Walkman is released rpdabrowski
1980 Microsoft releases MS-DOS. It creates an interface to access a computer's hardware making computers available to a larger audience. aquartulli
1980 Backpack Computer http://wearcam.org/ieeecomputer/r2025.htm ; Steve Mann. 1997. Smart clothing: wearable multimedia computing and personal imaging to restore the technological balance between people and their environments. In Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Multimedia (MULTIMEDIA '96). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 163-174. akshoop
1980 LZW Algorithm developed from LZ78 and became popular in many systems such as modems bjsharron
1980 Defense Department officially adopts TCP/IP replacing NCP www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1980 FBI investigates a breach of security at the National CSS. http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/11/tech/computer-hacker-essay-414s/ ajmokotoff
1981 Danny Hillis designs The Connection Machine, which utilizes parallel computing to bring new power to AI. https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/14719/18524280-MIT.pdf?sequence=2 allewis
1981 Ian Murphy, known as Cptain Zap, was the first hacker to be tried and convicted as a felon. He broke into AT&T's computers in 1981 and changed the billing rates. http://hackstory.net/Captain_Zap ajmokotoff
1981 Hacking group "Warelords" is founded. They successfully infilrtrated corporations and institutions such as teh White House, Southwestern Bell, and many corporate providers of voice mail systems. http://hacker1malaysia.blogspot.com/ ajmokotoff
1981 MTV airs playing music videos, introducing a recorded version of a live "show" with music. rpdabrowski
1981 Takeo Kanade builds the direct drive arm, where motors are directly installed into the joints, making it faster and more accurate than previous robotic arms eosowski
1981 The IBM PC is released, along with the introduction of PC-DOS and MS-DOS. [1] http://www.computerworld.com/article/2531905/operating-systems/timeline--40-years-of-os-milestones.html rdomanico
1982 Albums start to be released on CD rpdabrowski
1982 Seiko TV Watch worn by James Bond hsahay
1982 Music CD - Introduced in 1982 but did not become a big hit. It took a decade for CD to take the market of cassettes. Soon in 1990s, CD players become the most popular music recorders. bangyan
1982 The Input Research Group at the University of Toronto develop the first multi touch interface. djbenson
1982 The IBM Talking Terminal was invented and dictated whatever may be presently displayed on the computer screen which was found to be very useful for individuals unable to read the screen on their own. " IBM Hursley brings colour and speech to computing." IBM100 - Icons of Progress. IBM, n.d. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. leantul
1982 First deployment of wide scale wireless analog networks tasellielund
1983 MIDI was created. It goes on to become the standard for controlling synthesizers and digital keyboards, and later evolves to include many different capabilities concerning digital music. jdfrench
1983 Seiko Data-2000 watch/calculator/calendar tracker hsahay
1983 Microsoft announces Microsoft Windows to compete with Apple's GUI efforts. A history of Windows. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2015, from http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history. tjnickerson
1983 Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) is established, incorporating a standard for hardware (interfaces etc.) and coded commands that make transferring "digital information between various electronic instruments as well as between instruments and computers" very easy. rpdabrowski
1983 DARPA Miniature GPS Receiver (MGR) program began gmport
1983 1983- ARPANET adopts TCP/IP as standard protocols. ARPANET splits into MILNET, a network for defense R&D and operational groups, and ARPANET, which is now a completely research based network. Desktop workstations with built in IP networking software are created and connected to ARPANET. DNS is developed by Jon Postel and Paul Mockapetris of USC and Craig Partridge of BBN. Barry M. Leiner, et al., A Brief History of the Internet, http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~almeroth/classes/F10.176A/papers/internet-history-09.pdf (9/3/2015) Hobbes, Hobbes' Abridged Internet Timeline, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mitra/honors/timeline.html(9/3/2015) Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_80s.html (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1983 Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is made a requirement for the NSFNET. Leiner, Barry M. et al. A brief history of the internet, http://dl.acm.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1629613&ftid=608056&coll=DL&dl=ACM&CFID=542592391&CFTOKEN=52418481 (9/2/2015) svadlamudi
1983 The "414s" break into 60 computer systems at institutions including Los Alamaos National Laboratory and Manhattan's Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. As a result the U.S. House of Representatives held hearings on computer security and passed several laws. http://computersprogramm.blogspot.com/p/computer-hack.html ajmokotoff
1983 Charles Walton is credited with developing RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press_Archive/200209/02-0905E/ zrrobins
1984 Bell Labs researcher Bob Boie releases the first multi-touch screen. djbenson
1984 protocol proposing quantum encryption published zhenhe
1984 The X Window System is developed at MIT. Scheifler, R., & Gettys, J. (1986). The X Window System. TOG ACM Trans. Graph. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 5(2), 79-109. tjnickerson
1984 Apple releases the Macintosh, the first affordable GUI-based computer. tjnickerson
1984 Apple releases System 1. System 1 no longer had a command line. It used a GUI and introduced the finder and menu bar. aquartulli
1984 DNS begins to be implemented within the internet. Hobbes, Hobbes' Abridged Internet Timeline, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mitra/honors/timeline.html(9/3/2015) Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_80s.html (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1984 The Domain Name Server (DNS) is introduced to translate computer addresses (74.125.224.72) into human readable and recognazible addresses (www.google.com) Mowery, David C., and Timothy Simcoe, Is the internet a US invention?-an economic and technological history of computer networking, http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.wpi.edu/science/article/pii/S0048733302000690 (9/2/2015) svadlamudi
1984 KoalaPad is produced by Koala Technologies for home computer. It has two extra programmable buttons at the top and also a pressure-sensitive stylus. wtao
1984 Wacom launched "WT Series", world's first tablet to use a cordless electronic pen. wtao
1984 Sony releases the Discman D-50, the first portable CD player http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2023689_2023681_2023585,00.html wofrick
1985

NEC Multisync is released, the first monitor offering a range of refresh rates, resolutions, and input formats

PC Mag, Aug 1987 pg.45 [accessed via Google Books]

nadiaz
1985

Yoshiro Hatano published research that suggests that everyone should aim for 10,000 steps per day, this promotes the Japanese manpo-kei meaning 10,000 steps meter

Tudor-Locke, C., Hatano, Y., Pangrazi, R. P., & Kang, M. (2008). Revisiting``how many steps are enough?. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 40(7), S537.

tjaskoviak
1985 The Casio fx-7000G is released, the world's first scientific graphing calculator. http://www.casio-intl.com/asia-mea/en/calc/history/ Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1985 Apple releases System 2. System 2 was faster than System 1 and introduced a few user friendly commands. aquartulli
1985 Brothers in Arms by the Dire Straits becomes the first music CD to sell one million copies http://www.wired.com/2009/09/1001first-cd-players/ wofrick
1985 Microsoft releases Windows 1.0. It's the first Windows OS to have a GUI which meant the OS could be learned easily and intuitively. It also allowed users to switch between programs without closing one in order to open another. The OS included many tools that were useful such as Paint and Notepad. aquartulli
1985 Nintendo releases the Nintendo Entertainment System and Super Mario Bros. Alex Pajitnov designs Tetris. bli
1985 U.S. Federal Communications Commission released the ISM band. https://web.archive.org/web/20070928054826/ hfang
1985 Intel 80386 32bit released dstapply
1986 Apple releases System 3. It uses a hierarchical file system. aquartulli
1986 Honda begins a robot research program that starts with the premise that a robot "should coexist and cooperate with human beings, by doing what a person cannot do and by cultivating a new dimension in mobility to ultimately benefit society. eosowski
1986 First graphical point of sale system was done on the Atari 520ST with a color touch screen. djbenson
1986 OS/2 is released, and is designed to work with Intel's 80286 and 80386 microprocessors. When IBM and Microsoft's agreement falls apart, OS/2 becomes an IBM product while Windows names its graphical OS Windows NT. [1] http://www.computerworld.com/article/2531905/operating-systems/timeline--40-years-of-os-milestones.html rdomanico
1986 National Science Foundation funds a 56Kbps cross-country network backbones www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1986 After more break-ins to government and corporate computers, Congress passes the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, which makes it a crime to hack into a computer system. https://faculty.ist.psu.edu/bagby/43205S/T6/portalprojectfinishedversion.htm ajmokotoff
1986 DARPA funded databases to be created to help store words, and sentences to be used to help assist in analyzing the performance of new technologies in speech recognition. Gold, Bernard, Nelson Morgan, and Dan Ellis. "Chapter 4: Brief History of Automatic Speech Recognition." Speech and Audio Signal Processing: Processing and Perception of Speech and Music. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. N. pag. Print. leantul
1986 US and Israel work together to create the RQ2 Pioneer based on the Mastiff and IIA Scout. Soon afterwards, Abraham Kareium, a Israel Engineering living in the United States, creates the NAT 750, the predecessor to the Predator. http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
1987 The Sphinx-I released as one of the early commercial speech recognition systems, allowing users to give voice commands to computers. A historical perspective of speech recognition. Communications of the ACM, 57(1), 94-103.

djkiourtsis
1987 Digital Hearing Aids http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4111501/ akshoop
1987 The HP-28C is released, the first calculator able to solve symbolic computations. http://www.hpmuseum.org/hp28c.htm Visited: 9/3/2015 dssilva
1987 First Megapixel Sensor - Kodak develops the first sensor to record digital images, signifying the digital transformation away from film. From this point, the digital camera makes gradual improvements in sensor size and memory capacity to become what a modern camera would be considered today. tjstone
1987 Apple releases System 4. System 4 fixed bugs that System 3 had. aquartulli
1987 Microsoft releases Windows 2.0. Windows 2.0 was the first OS to use desktop icons and allowed windows to overlap. aquartulli
1988 DARPA's GPS Guidance Package (GGP) program began to prevent jamming the satellites gmport
1988 Apple releases System 6. System 6 allowed the user to launch multiple applications and change between them. aquartulli
1988 Lift off strategy is introduced to increase accuracy and precision by the Computer Interaction Lab at the University of Maryland. djbenson
1988 First National Bank of Chicago is the victim of a $70-million computer theft http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1988-05-19/news/8803180387_1_chase-manhattan-bank-wire-transfers-sources ajmokotoff
1989 First successful handheld game system blammeson
1989 A walking robot named Genghis is unveiled by the Mobile Robots Group at MIT eosowski
1989 CERN scientist Tim Berners-Lee comes up with the concept for the World Wide Web in order to create a standardized way for computers to communicate across networks. Tim Berners-Lee, Information Management: A Proposal, http://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html (9/3/2015) Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_80s.html (9/3/2015) Pew Research Center, World Wide Web Timeline, http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/03/11/world-wide-web-timeline/ (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1989 MP3 first patented bjsharron
1989 Robert Morris created the first computer worm. The virus was extremely effective and quickly took down most of the internet. This stack is considered the first DoS (denial of service) attack. Laid the groundwork for the cyber security industry. Led to the establishment of CERTs (Computer Emergency Response Teams). http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/opinions/the-history-of-cybersecurity/ ajmokotoff
1989 NeXT launches NeXTSTEP, a graphical operating system that is eventually incorporated into Apple's Cocoa framework, and thus present-day OS X. Linzmayer, O. (1999). Apple confidential the real story of Apple Computer, Inc. San Francisco, Calif.: No Starch Press. tjnickerson
1989 Peter Deutsch and Alan Emtage create an archiver for FTP sites www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1989 First proposal for the World Wide Web created and circulated at CERN info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/History.html pmcraft
1989 operational Block II satellites launched by United States gmport
1990 NeXT develops a prototype for the WWW info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/History.html pmcraft
1990 Microsoft ships Windows 3.0, the first multiwindowed Windows operating system. A history of Windows. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2015, from http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history. tjnickerson
1990 Microsoft releases Windows 3.0. It's the first Microsoft OS to use virtual memory, giving it a substantial performance increase. It used 16 colors. aquartulli
1990 ARPANET is shut down. Tim Berners-Lee develops the first web server. He also develops the first web browser, WorldWideWeb. The first search tool, ARCHIE, is created by Alan Emtage. The first commercial internet provider, The World, offers dial-up Internet access to the general public. Hobbes, Hobbes' Abridged Internet Timeline, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mitra/honors/timeline.html(9/3/2015) Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_80s.html (9/3/2015) Pew Research Center, World Wide Web Timeline, http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/03/11/world-wide-web-timeline/ (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1990 Archie was the first search engine created. Alan Emtage created Archie and it originally only had a specific filename database that could be searched. History of Search Engines: From 1945 to Google Today. Search Engine History.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 March 2016. hanguyen
1990 ZIP file format created bjsharron
1990 The Computer Misuse Act 1990 is passed in the United Kingdom, criminalizing any unauthorized access to computer systems http://searchsecurity.techtarget.co.uk/definition/Computer-Misuse-Act-1990 ajmokotoff
1990 Dragon Systems creation, Dragon Dictate, was the first large-vocabulary speech-to-text system for general-purpose dictation". Thompson, Terry. "Tech Tips: Are You Talking To Your Computer Again?"DO-IT. University of Washington, n.d. Web. 4 Sept. 2015. leantul
1990 Early books published on VR impact blammeson
1990 Military contractor General Atomic purchases the design of the NAT 750 http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
1991 WaveLan was invented, which was considered to be the precursor to 802.11ac https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi#cite_note-3 hfang
1991 Sun Systems releases a prototype Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) with inertial scrolling. djbenson
1991 Apple releases System 7. This OS introduced shortcuts, network sharing capabilities, and numerous user friendly features. It also used virtual memory which sped up performance. aquartulli
1991 First quantum encryption system developed zhenhe
1991 Time Berners-Lee creates the first website info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/History.html pmcraft
1991 First user friendly interface for the internet is created at University of Minnesota www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1991 The first webcam is created and connected to the World Wide Web. NSF lifts all restrictions on commercial use of the internet. Pew Research Center, World Wide Web Timeline, http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/03/11/world-wide-web-timeline/ (9/3/2015) Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_90s.html (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1991 Linux, an open source OS kernel based on Unix is released. Linux incorporates GNU software and later becomes known as an array of open source operating systems, or Linux distributions. [1] http://www.computerworld.com/article/2531905/operating-systems/timeline--40-years-of-os-milestones.html rdomanico
1991 Veronica was a user interface created in a similar vein as Archie but used text files. Jughead followed and was used for the same purpose to search files sent using Gopher index systems. History of Search Engines: From 1945 to Google Today. Search Engine History.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 March 2016. hanguyen
1991-2 JPEG created by its namesake, the Joint Photographic Expert Group allowing for adjustable compression of images bjsharron
1992 MPEG Audio Layer 3 (MP3) is standardized, making it simpler for all groups to digitally encode and use music.
1992 The first widely popular internet browser, Mosaic is developed by NCSA in the University of Illinois. Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_90s.html (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1992 World Wide Web comes online, eventually hosting music of all kinds among other things.
1992 GSM networks begin deployment tasellielund
1992 Over 10 million cell phone users http://www.wirelesshistoryfoundation.org/wireless-history-project/wireless-history-timeline zrrobbins
1992 First SMS is sent emilymiller
1993 IBM releases the first touchscreen phone with BellSouth. It is call the Simon Personal Communicator. djbenson
1993 Original Pentium core by Intel, using 3.1 million transistors ndemarinis
1993 Microsoft releases Windows NT. It was the first 32 bit OS, which meant computers could have more scientific and engineering uses. aquartulli
1993 Mosaic is released to the general public. It is credited with the popularization of the World Wide Web. Mosaic will later become Netscape. CERN makes its World Wide Web technology public domain. Hobbes, Hobbes' Abridged Internet Timeline, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mitra/honors/timeline.html (9/3/2015) Computer History Museum, Internet History, http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_90s.html (9/3/2015) Pew Research Center, World Wide Web Timeline, http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/03/11/world-wide-web-timeline/ (9/3/2015) JRWatson
1993 World Wide Web Wanderer was created by Matthew Gray, initially called Wandex. It allowed people to know how fast the Internet was growing. The History of Search Engines An Infographic. History of Search Engines. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 March 2016. hanguyen
1993 ALIWEB was created by Martijn Koster. It allowed users to provide descriptions of their pages which could then be searched in the index. The History of Search Engines An Infographic. History of Search Engines. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 March 2016. hanguyen
1989 The Melissa and ILOVEYOU viruses were created and infected over ten million PCs and destroyed much of the existing email systems. This viruses led to the creation of antivirus technology and business to take a proactive approach. This also led to a culture of computer users being more hesitant to opening files from unknown sources. This began to frighten companies and their computer systems. http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/opinions/the-history-of-cybersecurity/ ajmokotoff
1993 Mosaic, the first web browser, is created by NCSA www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1994 Michael Dertouzos persuades Tim Berners-Lee and others to create the World Wide Web Consortium www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1994 Dante II, an 8-legged walking robot descends into the crater of Mt Spurr in Alaska to collect data from the harsh volcanic environment eosowski
1994 Lycos was the first spider technology used to access pages and their hyperlinks to determine relationships and information contained on the page. Agarwal, M., & Round, D. K. (2011). The emergence of global search engines: Trends in history and competition. Competition Policy International, 7(1), 114-134. hanguyen
1994 WebCrawler searched through the entire texts of pages. Seymour, T., Frantsvog, D., & Kumar, S. (2011). History of search engines. International Journal of Management and Information Systems, 15(4), 47. hanguyen
1994 Marc Thorpe starts Robot Wars in San Francisco, California eosowski
1994 Wireless Webcam Wearable Steve Mann. 1997. Smart clothing: wearable multimedia computing and personal imaging to restore the technological balance between people and their environments. In Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Multimedia (MULTIMEDIA '96). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 163-174. akshoop
1994 WWW becomes available to everyone for free emilymiller
1994 Cookies Invented eapolekoff
1994 The first Internet stock trade is completed by K. Aufhauser & Company, Inc., launching a new era of online stock trading. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/crash/2/ tleung
1994 The Pentagon contracts General Atomic to create an updated version of the NAT 750 that would be lighter, faster, cheaper, and more versatile. Six months later the Predator drone was created. http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
1994 Bluetooth invented by Ericcson http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/wireless/bluetooth/bluetooth_overview.php zrrobbins
1995 Mobile Phones Become More Mainstream (still approx. 8"x3"x1.5") clhudson
1995 Term "User Experience Design" is coined by Don Norman eapolekoff
1995 Seiko Message Watch with caller ID, sports scores, and stock prices relseased hsahay
1995 Internet opens fully for commercial use as AOL, Prodigy, and CompuServe come online www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1995 Microsoft releases Windows 95, the first Windows operating system to feature the start menu, task bar, and window buttons (close, minimize, maximize). A history of Windows. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2015, from http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history. tjnickerson
1995 Full Operational Capacity (FOC) of 24 operational satellites met gmport
1995 Yahoo! is founded dtocco
1995 Early robot car created by Ernst Dickmanns drives more than 1000 miles through traffic from Munich to Copenhagen and back. https://partners.nytimes.com/library/cyber/week/080997othello.html allewis
1995 Chinook checkers program defeats World Champion Don Lafferty in 32--game match to claim man-machine checkers title cpnota
1995 Microsoft releases Windows 95. Windows 95 was the first OS to feature a start menu, taskbar, and minimize, maximize, and close buttons on each window. It had Plug and Play capabilities and built in internet support. aquartulli
1995 The NSF stops providing the backbone support of the Internet and the Commercial Internet Service Providers take over the task. svadlamudi
1995 Intel Pentium Pro dstapply
1995 Excite was created by Stanford undergraduates who wanted to make a more efficient search algorithm by relationships between words, such as synonyms to produce more accurate results. Agarwal, M., & Round, D. K. (2011). The emergence of global search engines: Trends in history and competition. Competition Policy International, 7(1), 114-134. hanguyen
1996 A RoboTuna is designed and build by David Barrettto study the way fish swim eosowski
1996 The GGP was successfully flight tested at the Patuxent Naval Air Station gmport
1996 Researchers develop software for the LIGIER electric vehicle that allows it to autonomously parallel park. Autonomous Parallel Parking of a Nonholonomic Vehicle. 1996. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=566343. Access Date: 21 Mar 2016 aaadkins
1996 Real-time stock tickers are used on cable television channels CNBC and CNN-FN. Market data, which had previously been delayed 20 minutes, is now reported in real time. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/crash/2/ tleung
1996 PNG developed bjsharron
1996 Hackers alter Web sites of the United States Department of Justice (August), and the CIA (October), and then the U.S. Air Force (December). http://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/31/us/air-force-computer-invaded-as-hackers-forge-web-page.html ajmokotoff
1997 Apple releases Mac OS 8. OS 8 featured numerous improvements in speed and introduced pop up menus. It also had HTML help pages for the user. aquartulli
1997 Deep Blue defeats Chess World Champion Garry Kasparov in 6-game match cpnota
1997 The Pathfinder mission lands on Mars, where the robot Sojourner broadcasts data for 3 months eosowski
1997 Professional Go player Janice Kim overcomes whopping 25-stone handicap to defeat Handtalk, top Go program of the era cpnota
1997 First Social Networking Sites Begin to Spring Up eapolekoff
1997 There were 1 million domain registrants on the Internet dtocco
1997 IEEE released the first version of 802.11 protocol, two net bit rates of 1 or 2 megabits per second. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi#cite_note-3 hfang
1998 The Palm Pilot is released, the first touch product to have major consumer success. djbenson
1998 Google was founded. 300 web pages existed and the number was increasing by over 1.5 million daily dtocco
1998 One of the first commercial standalone LCD screens, the Eizo L66 is released http://www.eizoglobal.com/support/db/files/catalogs/lcd/l360-l66.pdf nadiaz
1998 Linux Wristwatch released hsahay
1998 Microsoft releases Windows 98. Windows 98 was the first Windows OS to be specifically for consumers. It made it easier to find programs, which meant a more user friendly experience. Windows 98 was also the first Windows OS to support reading from USB ports and DVDs. aquartulli
1998 Windows 98 is released with the Windows Browser bundled into it www.walthowe.com/navnet/History.html pmcraft
1998 MSN was created. The History of Search Engines An Infographic. History of Search Engines. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 March 2016. hanguyen
1998 Sierra Studios releases Half-Life. bli
1998 Rockstar Games releases Grand Theft Auto. bli
1999 Apple releases Mac OS 9. OS 9 increased security, provided automatic software updates, and supported USB printers and USB audio. aquartulli
1999 LEGO releases the Robotics Discovery Set, Droid Developer Kit and Robotics Invention System 1.5 eosowski
1999 First radar-based adaptive cruise control system introduced by Mercedes How Does Adaptive Cruise Control Work?. 2015. http://www.proctorcars.com/how-does-adaptive-cruise-control-work/. Access Date: 21 Mar 2016 aaadkins
1999 Wi-Fi Alliance was formed. http://www.wi-fi.org/who-we-are hfang
1999 802.11a and 802.11b was released. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11 hfang
1999 Apple introduced Wi-Fi to public http://www.businessinsider.com/steve-jobs-wifi-macworld-1999-video-2014-10 hfang
1999 DoubleClick begins using user info and advertising eapolekoff
1999 U.S. President Bill Clinton announces a $1.46 billion initiative to improve government computer security. http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9901/26/clinton.idg/ ajmokotoff
1998-1999 The worldwide network began forming with Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Japan, Sweden and the UK connecting to the NSFNET. Mowery, David C., and Timothy Simcoe, Is the internet a US invention?-an economic and technological history of computer networking, http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.wpi.edu/science/article/pii/S0048733302000690 (9/2/2015) svadlamudi
1999 The Wi-Fi Alliance is formed, and Wi-Fi is formally coined, representing any wireless local area network (WLAM) following 802.11 standards. http://www.wirelesshistoryfoundation.org/wireless-history-project/wireless-history-timeline zrrobbins
1999 Intel Pentium III dstapply
2000 President Clinton ordered that GPS Selective Availability (SA) feature be turned off gmport
2000 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) developed zhenhe
2000 Apple IPod Digital recorders - Apple's IPod represents the coming of age of digital recording. The IPod become a fashionable thing to have and thus introduced digital recording such as MP3 to the public.
2000 Microsoft releases Windows Me. Designed specifically for media, Windows Me introduced tools for media editing and sharing. It also introduced the system restore. aquartulli
2000 Microsoft releases Windows 2000 Professional. This OS was designed to replace prior versions of Windows OS in work environments. It had improvements in ease of use, reliability, and internet capabilities. It also simplified hardware installation.
2000 Bluetooth Headset http://www.bluetooth.com/Pages/History-of-Bluetooth.aspx akshoop
2000 Honda debuts its new humanoid robot ASIMO eosowski
2000 The Predator drone flies over Afghanistan searching for Osama Bin Laden. This Predator drone only had imagery equipment on it and was successful in finding Osama Bin Laden http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-predator-drone-changed-the-character-of-war-3794671/ addresser

2000



AMD introduces a 64-bit architecture backwards compatible with Intel's x86 instruction set, bringing 64-bit processors to the consumer desktop market.

http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/24593_APM_v2.pdf

ajthompson
2000 Digital wireless users outnumber analog subscribers http://www.wirelesshistoryfoundation.org/wireless-history-project/wireless-history-timeline
2000 Baidu was created and became a regularly used search engine in China. Agarwal, M., & Round, D. K. (2011). The emergence of global search engines: Trends in history and competition. Competition Policy International, 7(1), 114-134. hanguyen
2000-2008 Pentium IV 64 bit processor
dstapply
2001 After the events of September 11th, CIA creates the Targeted Killing Campaign, allowing them to kill anyone who they believe was involved in the attacks. http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
2001 Apple launches OS X. tjnickerson
2001 The iPod is released, with the potential to hold and play hundreds or thousands of songs. rpdabrowski
2001 The FDA approves the robotic Cyberknife system to search for and treat tumors anywhere in the body.[eosowski] 2001 Wikipedia is launched dtocco
2001 Palm Inc. releases the first cell phone with a web browser on it. mburns23
2001 Nissan Cima model introduced in Japan with lane keep assist feature Driverless Cars: How Long Until We Can Sit Back and Relax?. 2014. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/11273463/Driverless-cars-how-long-until-we-can-sit-back-and-relax.html

aaadkins

2001 Apple releases Mac OS X: Cheetah. Cheetah reintroduced the terminal and introduced the dock. However, Cheetah suffered from reliability and speed issues and it was missing basic CD capabilities. aquartulli
2001 Apple releases Mac OS X: Puma. Puma featured improvements in speed. It also addressed the missing CD capabilities that Cheetah had and supported much more hardware. aquartulli
2001 Microsoft releases Windows XP. Windows XP was designed with a clean interface in mind. It was made for the average user, so it was very intuitive and featured more help and support than any other Windows OS. It also featured large improvements in security, reliability, and speed. aquartulli
2001 IBM creates the POWER4 processor, the first multicore processor. http://www.cpushack.com/2011/01/24/ibms-server-processors-the-rs64-and-the-power, ajthompson
2002 "Foldable Portable Cellular Phone" - Mobile Phone with Camera introduced clhudson
2002 Sony releases SmartSkin introducing mutual capacitive touch recognition. djbenson
2002 Apple releases Mac OS X: Jaguar. Cheetah provided many networking capabilities and introduced tools for users with disabilities. aquartulli
2002 The Bush administration files a bill to create the Department of Homeland Security, which will be responsible for protecting the nation's critical IT infrastructure. http://www.allgov.com/departments/department-of-homeland-security?detailsDepartmentID=571 ajmokotoff
2002 Poma Wearable PC Alpert, Mark. Machine Chic: The Poma Wearable Computer is Flashy but Not very Functional. 287 Vol. Scientific American, Inc, 2002. akshoop
2002 Sony releases the Walkman NWZ-X1000, its latest play-only cassette Walkm[a]n http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1907884,00.html wofrick
2003 MySpace & 4chan are founded dtocco
2003 Apple releases Mac OS X: Panther. Panther introduced the ability to have multiple users logged in at once. It also introduced some user friendly features. aquartulli
2003 First commercial use of quantum encryption zhenhe
2003 First Pentium 4 by Intel, 55 million transistors ndemarinis
2003 Toyota begins selling Prius model in Japan that can automatically parallel park. Toyota Unveils Car That Parks Itself. 2003. http://www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/ptech/09/01/toyota.prius.reut/index.html. aaadkins
2003 Digital Pacemaker CLARKE, HELEN. "PACEMAKER GOES DIGITAL ; Braodgreen Pioneers CD Surgery: FIRST Edition." Liverpool Echo: 9. 2003. akshoop
2003 The completion of the human genome project Greenhalgh, Trisha. "The Human Genome Project." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 98.12 (2005). Web. xjjackson
2003 The hacktivist group Anonymous was formed. http://www.bustle.com/articles/65444-how-did-anonymous-start-the-history-of-the-mysterious-hacktivist-group-began-quite-some-time-ago ajmokotoff
2003 802.11g released https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11 hfang
2004 Facebook is Founded eapolekoff
2004 The Spirit and Opportunity robotic rovers land on Mars eosowski
2004 IBM's creation "Embedded ViaVoice" and according to IBM, Honda is the first car manufacturer to equip automobiles with in-car navigation systems using advanced speech recognition and text-to-speech capabilities that can identify spoken street and city names that exist across the entire continental United States. Jesberg, Gina. "IBM Delivers New, World-Class In-Car Speech Recognition System for Navigation in 2005 Honda Cars." IBM News Room. IBM, 1 Sept. 2004. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. leantul
2004 Yahoo created its own search engine based on companies that it had previously acquired, such as Inktomi and Overture. Seymour, T., Frantsvog, D., & Kumar, S. (2011). History of search engines. International Journal of Management and Information Systems, 15(4), 47. hanguyen
2005 A modernized GPS satellite developed by Lockheed Martin was put into orbit around the Earth gmport
2005 In the second DARPA Grand Challenge 5 teams complete the off-road robotics course. eosowski
2005 YouTube is launched, hosting all kinds of music. The list includes official music videos, pirated music and homemade tunes.
2005 Apple releases Mac OS X: Tiger. Tiger introduced more built in tools, such as a thesaurus and dictionary. It also provided voice capabilities for users with disabilities. aquartulli
2005 Blue Brain is born, a project to simulate the brain at molecular detail. http://bluebrain.epfl.ch/ allewis
2005 Wacom released a Cintiq tablet that raised the benchmarks for digital drawing. wtao
2006 Microsoft releases Windows Vista. Vista focused more on security than any prior Windows OS. It also featured a new sleek look. aquartulli
2006 Lexus adds self-parking system capable of parallel and angle parking to Lexus LS sedan. The Lexus LS460: It Really Does Park Itself. 2006. https://www.cars.com/articles/2006/09/ls_460_parking/ aaadkins
2006 Cornell University reveals its "Starfish" robot which is capable of self-modeling and learning how to walk after being damaged. eosowski
2006 Albert Gonzalez stole over 45 million payment cards used by customers of US retailer TJX, which owns TJ Maxx, and UK outlet TK Maxx. Attacks on this scale were unheard of and frightened the entire world. IT costed the company $256 million. What caused companies to start buying secure security system to cope with this new reality. http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/opinions/the-history-of-cybersecurity/ ajmokotoff
2006 Nike + iPod Peters, Luke. "Nike + iPod Sport Kit." Personal Computer World 21 Sept. 2006. General OneFile. Web. 4 Sept. 2015. akshoop
2006 Guruji was created specifically to provide India with a search engine. Agarwal, M., & Round, D. K. (2011). The emergence of global search engines: Trends in history and competition. Competition Policy International, 7(1), 114-134. hanguyen
2006 During a TED Talk Jeff Han demos multitouch sensing though frustrated total internal reflection. This was a technique originally used for imaging finger prints. djbenson
2007

Pedometers begin changing from pendulum based counters to accelerometer based counters

Scarlett, J. (2007). Enhancing the performance of pedometers using a single accelerometer. Application Note, Analog Devices.

tjaskoviak
2007 WPI becomes the first college to offer a BS in Robotics Engineering eosowski
2007 Apple Releases iPhone clhudson
2007 Facebook Launches 'Beacon' Service eapolekoff
2007 Microsoft debuts the Surface which was a large table top touchscreen interface, as well as the first iPhone is released. djbenson
2007 Chinook checkers program becomes unbeatable at checkers cpnota
2007 Six vehicles complete DARPA Urban Challenge in which they navigate through a 60 mile urban driving course while obeying traffic laws and navigating with other autonomous and human-driven vehicles. Autonomous Vehicle Technology: A Guide for Policymakers. Rand Corporation, 2014. Pg. 57 aaadkins
2007 Apple releases Mac OS X: Leopard. Leopard introduced remote access capabilities. It also introduced parental controls as well as the equivalent of a system restore called time machine. aquartulli
2007 Apple's release of iOS popularizes touch screen computing and the mobile GUI. tjnickerson
2007 A spear phishing incident at the Office of the Secretary of Defense steals sensitive U.S. defense information, leading to significant changes in identity and message-source verification at OSD. http://en.docsity.com/news/algorithms/origins-of-hacking-heartbleed ajmokotoff
2007 United Nations website hacked by Turkish Hacker Kerema125. http://www.digitaltrends.com/home/hackers-hit-un-site/ ajmokotoff
2007 Stanford Research Institute, or SRI, developed Siri as part of a large DARPA project known as the Personal Assistant that Learns (PAL) project. "Artificial Intelligence: CALO." SRI International - Timeline of Innovation. SRI International, n.d. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. leantul
2008 Around 20 Chinese hackers claim to have gained access to the world's moist sensitive sites, including the Pentagon. http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/03/07/china.hackers/ ajmokotoff
2008 The Roomba robotic vacuum surpasses 2.5 million units sold eosowski
2008 1B-transistor GPU (GTX 200 Tesla) blammeson
2008 First i7 processor blammeson
2008 Apple captures 48% of the MP3 player market; SanDisk's Sansa, in second place, has only 8% http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/03/from-walkman-to-ipod-what-music-tech-teaches-us-about-innovation/253158/ wofrick
2008-2015 Intel Core Series dstapply
2008 Intel Atom, ultra-low voltage x86 processor using only 2W of power, compared to ~80W for a standard desktop CPU
2009 Facebook Shuts Down 'Beacon' Service eapolekoff
2009 Apple releases Mac OS X: Snow Leopard. Snow Leopard addressed issues with compatibility, OS size, and speed. aquartulli
2009 Microsoft releases Windows 7. 7 featured different ways to work with the windows themselves, which made it even easier to use. aquartulli
2009 W200 Wrist Computer http://www.glaciercomputer.com/press-w200.html akshoop
2009 802.11n released https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11 hfang
2009 Google builds self-driving car.
http://www.popsci.com/cars/article/2013-09/google-self-driving-car
allewis
2009 The first Fitbit is released, soon to be one of the most popular pedometer/activity trackers tjaskoviak
2009 Bing, which was previously known as Live Search, Windows Live Search and MSN Search, was created. It allowed specifically for the user to search and search suggestions would also appear. Seymour, T., Frantsvog, D., & Kumar, S. (2011). History of search engines. International Journal of Management and Information Systems, 15(4), 47. hanguyen
2010 Next Generation GPS Control Segment (OCX) contracted to Raytheon Company, Intelligence & Information Systems, for a 73 month development to modernize the GPS system gmport
2010 First 1B-transistor CPU card (Oracle Sparc T3, 16-core)
blammeson
2010 There were estimated to be over 1.9 billion web surfers worldwide dtocco
2010 Robonaut 2 is sent to the International Space Station, it is the first humanoid robot in space eosowski
2010 The Apple iPad is released. djbenson
2010 Instagram was released as a mobile photo-sharing social network site rding2
2010 First 4G capable phone released http://www.wirelesshistoryfoundation.org/wireless-history-project/wireless-history-timeline zrrobbins
2010 The release of the Kinect brings gesture recognition devices to the consumer's living room. http://gizmodo.com/5563148/microsoft-xbox-360-kinect-launches-november-4 djkiourtsis
2010 Narrative Science creates computer program Quill writes a news story based on numerical sports or financial data.
http://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2013/09/10/how-many-jobs-could-narrative-sciences-robot-writing-tech-do/
allewis
2010 to 2011 According to the Standford Research Institute, Apple acquired the company in 2010, and in 2011 Siri was unveiled as an integrated feature of the iPhone 4S. 9. "Artificial Intelligence: CALO." SRI International - Timeline of Innovation. SRI International, n.d. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. leantul
2011 Apple releases Max OS X: Lion. Lion provides applications that increase ease of use and user experience. It also features a fast way to share files between nearby Macs. aquartulli
2011 University of Pittsburgh research team develops 1.5nm transistor
2011 Siri is shown off at a conference for the first time under Apple http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/22/siri-do-engine-apple-iphone_n_2499165.html nmmuesch
2011 Watson, IBM's computer, wins Jeopardy against Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P18EdAKuC1U nmmuesch
2011 Bank of America website got hacked by a Turkish hacker named JeOPaRDY. An estimated 85,000 credit card numbers and accounts were reported to have been stolen http://spicy-dj.blogspot.com/p/youth-hacking.html ajmokotoff
2011 CIA kills Anwar al-Awlaki, a US citizen living in Yemen, who was involved with the terrorist group al-Qaeda. This sparks controversy about drones killing US citizens. http://www.popsci.com/watch-brief-history-drone addresser
2011 Jawbone, another big pedometer contender releases their first version of the UP tracker tjaskoviak
2012 The Curiosity Rover lands on Mars, it is the largest and most advanced Mars rover to date eosowski
2012 Google reveals project glass, a head mounted display designed to act as a simple computer. Goldman, D. (2012). Google unveils project glass virtual-reality glasses. Money (CNN), 4. djkiourtsis
2012 Windows 8 is released, featuring a redesigned start menu and a more touch based interface. It received mixed critical reception, with many citicizing the removal of the start menu. rdomanico
2012 Google car becomes first self-driving car to earn license plate in US How Google's Autonomous Car Passed the First U.S. State Self-Driving Test. 2014. http://spectrum.ieee.org/transportation/advanced-cars/how-googles-autonomous-car-passed-the-first-us-state-selfdriving-test aaadkins
2012 Pebble Smartwatch https://blog.getpebble.com akshoop
2012 Microsoft Surface https://news.microsoft.com/2012/10/16/microsoft-announces-new-surface-details/ nzhang2
2012

Nike releases their wrist band tracker Nike+ Fuelband, the current version of Nike pedometer/activity trackers

tjaskoviak
2013 Internet.org, an initiative between Facebook and 6 other companies to bring affordable Internet access to all, is launched. http://techcrunch.com/2013/08/20/facebook-internet-org/ zrrobbins
2013 Pebble kickstarter programmable smartwatch hits the market hsahay
2013 Project Loon begins, where Google aims to provide Internet to the entire world through the use of stratospheric balloons https://www.google.com/loon/where/ zrrobbins
2013 Microsoft Surface Pro http://www.tabletpccomparison.net/microsoft-surface-windows-8-pro nzhang2
2013 Google Glass http://glassalmanac.com/history-google-glass/ akshoop
2013 802.11ac released https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11 hfang
2013 Microsoft Surface 2 & Surface Pro 2 http://www.gizmag.com/surface-2-vs-surface-pro-2/29484/ nzhang2
2013 First 4K graphics cards (GTX 700-series) blammeson
2013 Innovega iOptik http://www.theverge.com/2013/1/10/3863550/innovega-augmented-reality-glasses-contacts-hands-on ; http://innovega-inc.com/new-architecture.php akshoop
2013 GitHub releases Atom Shell (now Electron), a framework used for developing GUI applications using web technologies (HTML, JavaScript, etc.). tjnickerson
2014 The Bitcoin exchanged Mt.Gox filed for bankruptcy after $460 million was stolen by hackers and another $27.4 million went missing form it's bank accounts http://www.wired.com/2014/03/bitcoin-exchange/ ajmokotoff
2014 Microsoft Surface Pro 3 http://www.tabletpccomparison.net/microsoft-surface-pro-3 nzhang2
2014 White House computer system was hacked by Russians http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/26/us/russian-hackers-read-obamas-unclassified-emails-officials-say.html?_r=0 ajmokotoff
2014 Amazon proposes using drone to deliver packages to customers. Around the same time, other areas are beginning to utilize drones such as farming, animal conservation, environmental protection, and real-estate. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/12/131202-drone-uav-uas-amazon-octocopter-bezos-science-aircraft-unmanned-robot/ addresser
2014 Myo Armband http://www.tomshardware.com/news/thalmic-labs-myo-armband-ces,28385.html akshoop
2014 Apple watch announced. On sale in 2015 hsahay
2015 The Impact Team stole the user data of Ashley Madison, a commercial website billed as enabling extramarital affairs. The group copied personal information about the site's user base, and threatened to release user names and personally identifying information if Ashley Madison was not immediately shut down. Approximately one month later, the group leaked more than 25 gigabytes of company data including user details. http://www.wired.com/2015/08/happened-hackers-posted-stolen-ashley-madison-data/ ajmokotoff
2015 CD sales for the first half of 2015 are 41 million, a 31% drop from the same period in the previous year http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-34323530 wofrick
2015 First OLED monitors reach the market http://www.oled-info.com/oled-devices/monitors nadiaz
2015 Over 20,000 people including over 3,000 researchers in the field of AI and Robotics sign an open letter to ban development and use of autonomous weapons. Of the 20,000, included were Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk, and Steve Wozniak. http://futureoflife.org/open-letter-autonomous-weapons/ allewis
2015 Tesla releases Tesla Version 7.0 Software, giving compatible Tesla vehicles the ability to maintain speed and distance behind other cars, stay in lanes, change lanes, scan for parking spots, and park autonomously 10 Breakthrough Technologies 2016: Tesla Autopilot. 2016. https://www.technologyreview.com/s/600772/10-breakthrough-technologies-2016-tesla-autopilot/ aaadkins
2015 Apple Watch https://www.apple.com/watch/technology/ akshoop
2015 Microsoft Surface 3 http://www.tabletpccomparison.net/microsoft-surface-3 nzhang2
2015 Microsoft Surface Pro 4 & Surface Book http://www.pcworld.com/article/2996029/tablet-pc/surface-book-vs-surface-pro-4-picking-the-best-came-down-to-just-one-thing.html nzhang2
2015 Mota DOI SmartRing https://www.mota.com/doi-smart-ring/ akshoop